Thoracic Vein Arrhythmias: Mechanisms and Treatment

363 Pages·2004·7.4 MB·English

HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page i
Thoracic
Vein
Arrhythmias
MECHANISMS AND TREATMENT
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page ii
Dedication
Because of the incredible ongoing support provided by our families, the editors
would like to thank them for helping make such efforts as this book possible.
Therefore we dedicateThoracic Vein Arrhythmias: Mechanisms and Treatment to
Wen-Hsi Huang, Hau-Juey, Yu-Juey, and Jaw-Juey Chen; Marie, Magali, and
Vincent Haïssaguerre; and Joan, Debra, Jeffrey, and David Zipes.
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page iii
Thoracic Vein
Arrhythmias
MECHANISMS AND
TREATMENT
Edited by
Shih-Ann Chen
Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine
and Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
Michel Haïssaguerre
Professor of Cardiology
University of Bordeaux II
and Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque
Bordeaux, France
Douglas P. Zipes
Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Toxicology
Director, Division of Cardiology and Krannert Institute of Cardiology
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, IN, USA
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page iv
© 2004 by Futura, an imprint of Blackwell Publishing
Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA
Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK
Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any
electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without
permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a
review.
04 05 06 07 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN: 1-4051-1888-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Thoracic vein arrhythmias : mechanisms and treatment / edited by Shih-Ann Chen, Michel
Haïssaguerre, Douglas P. Zipes.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-4051-1888-1
1. Atrial arrhythmias–Etiology. 2. Thoracic arteries. 3. Heart–Electric properties.
[DNLM: 1. Atrial Fibrillation–physiopathology. 2. Atrial Fibrillation–surgery.
3. Catheter Ablation–methods. 4. Heart Conduction System. 5. Pulmonary Veins–surgery.
6. Venae Cavae–surgery. WG 330 T487 2004] I. Chen, Shih-Ann. II. Haïssaguerre, Michel.
III. Zipes, Douglas P.
RC685.A72.T467 2004
616.1¢28–dc22
2004003061
Acatalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
Acquisitions: Steve Korn
Production: Julie Elliott and Prepress Projects Ltd
Typesetter: SNPBest-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong
Printed and bound in India by Thomson Press (India) Ltd, Delhi
For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:
www.blackwellfutura.com
The publisher's policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry
policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary
chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board
used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards.
Notice:The indications and dosages of all drugs in this book have been recommended in the
medical literature and conform to the practices of the general community. The medications
described do not necessarily have specific approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
for use in the diseases and dosages for which they are recommended. The package insert for each
drug should be consulted for use and dosage as approved by the FDA. Because standards for
usage change, it is advisable to keep abreast of revised recommendations, particularly those
concerning new drugs.
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page v
Contents
Contributors, viii
Foreword, xiii
Preface, xv
Part I History of thoracic vein arrhythmias
1 History of thoracic vein arrhythmias: pulmonary veins and
venae cavae, 3
Mithilesh K. Das, Douglas P. Zipes
2 The ligament of Marshall, 11
Benjamin J. Scherlag, Eugene Patterson, William S. Yamanashi,
Warren M. Jackman, Ralph Lazzara
3 Coronary sinus electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis: historical
developments, 21
Andrew L. Wit
Part II Anatomy and basic electrophysiology of the thoracic veins
4 Anatomy of the pulmonary veins, 33
Anton E. Becker
5 Anatomy of the pulmonary vein–atrium junction, 42
Siew Yen Ho, José Angel Cabrera, Damián Sánchez-Quintana
6 Anatomy of the vena cava: an electrophysiological perspective, 54
Samuel J. Asirvatham
7 Anatomy of the coronary sinus, 66
Michel Chauvin
8 Imaging of the cardiac and thoracic veins, 77
Douglas L. Packer, Samuel Asirvatham, James B. Seward, Jerome F. Breen,
Richard A. Robb
9 Immunohistology of the thoracic veins, 99
Hung-I Yeh
v
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page vi
vi Contents
10 Ionic currents and mechanisms of ectopy from the thoracic veins, 111
Yi-Jen Chen, Yao-Chang Chen, Cheng-I Lin, Shih-Ann Chen
11 Stretch-related atrial remodeling: role in the genesis of atrial
fibrillation, 121
Prashanthan Sanders, Joseph B. Morton, Jonathan M. Kalman
12 High-density mapping of thoracic vein arrhythmias, 135
Tsu-Juey Wu, Shengmei Zhou, Peng-Sheng Chen
13 Optical mapping of thoracic vein arrhythmias, 148
Jeffrey E. Olgin
14 Effects of electrical stimulation of autonomic ganglia at the
thoracic veins, 157
Benjamin J. Scherlag, William S. Yamanashi, Archana Gautam,
Eugene Patterson, Warren M. Jackman, Ralph Lazzara
15 Maintenance of atrial fibrillation: thoracic vein or atrial
substrate? 167
Prabal K. Guha, Justus M.B. Anumonwo, José Jalife
Part III Clinical electrophysiology and ablation therapy of thoracic
vein atrial fibrillation
16 Electrocardiographic characteristics of atrial fibrillation initiators from the
thoracic veins, 185
Dipen Shah
17 Mapping of atrial fibrillation initiators from the thoracic veins, 196
Edward P. Gerstenfeld, Francis E. Marchlinski
18 Autonomic modulation of thoracic vein atrial fibrillation, 211
Ching-Tai Tai, Shih-Ann Chen
19 Clinical electrophysiology of the pulmonary veins, 217
Hakan Oral, Fred Morady
20 Catheter ablation of pulmonary vein atrial fibrillation: circumferential
ablation, 229
Carlo Pappone, Giuseppe Augello, Salvatore Rosanio
21 Catheter ablation of pulmonary vein atrial fibrillation:segmental and
limited linear ablation, 248
Li-Fern Hsu, Pierre Jaïs, Prashanthan Sanders, Mélèze Hocini, Christophe Scavée,
Rukshen Weerasooriya, Stéphane Garrigue, Jacques Clémenty, Michel
Haïssaguerre
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page vii
Contents vii
22 Clinical electrophysiology and catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation from
the superior vena cava, 263
Chin-Feng Tsai, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Chung-Sheng Lin, Shih-Ann Chen
23 Clinical electrophysiology and catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation from
the ligament of Marshall, 276
Chun Hwang, Peng-Sheng Chen
24 Clinical electrophysiology and catheter ablation of the coronary sinus in
patients with atrial fibrillation, 285
Hakan Oral, Fred Morady
25 Pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with
structural heart disease, 295
Yaariv Khaykin, Michael S. Chen, Nassir F. Marrouche, Walid Saliba,
Robert Schweikert, Dianna Bash, Michelle Williams-Andrews, Eduardo Saad,
David J. Burkhardt, Mandeep Bhargava, George Joseph, Antonio Rossillo,
Demet Erciyes, David O. Martin, Andrea Natale
26 Role of linear ablation in thoracic vein atrial fibrillation, 309
Javier E. Sanchez, G. Neal Kay
27 New technologies for catheter isolation of the pulmonary veins, 324
David Keane
28 Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: pulmonary vein isolation, 336
Taijiro Sueda
Index, 344
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page viii
Contributors
Justus M.B. Anumonwo, PhD David J. Burkhardt, MD
Assistant Professor of Pharmacology The Center for Atrial Fibrillation
Department of Pharmacology Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
State University of New York The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Upstate Medical University Cleveland, OH, USA
Syracuse, NY, USA
José Angel Cabrera, MD, PhD
Samuel J. Asirvatham, MD Servicio de Cardiología
Consultant, Cardiovascular Fundación Jiménez Díaz
Diseases/Electrophysiology and Pacing Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Assistant Professor of Medicine Madrid, Spain
Mayo School of Medicine
Rochester, MN, USA Michel Chauvin, MD, PhD
Department of Cardiology
Giuseppe Augello, MD Hôpital de Hautepierre
Research Fellow, Department of Cardiology Strasbourg, France
Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac
Pacing Unit Michael S. Chen, MD
University Vita-Salute The Center for Atrial Fibrillation
San Raffaele Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Milan, Italy The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, OH, USA
Dianna Bash, RN
The Center for Atrial Fibrillation Peng-Sheng Chen, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Staff Cardiologist
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Pauline and Harold Price Chair in Cardiac
Cleveland, OH, USA Electrophysiology Research
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center;
Anton E. Becker, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine
Professor of Cardiovascular Pathology David Geffen School of Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Pathology University College of Los Angeles
Academic Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands Shih-Ann Chen, MD
Professor of Medicine
Mandeep Bhargava, MD Division of Cardiology
The Center for Atrial Fibrillation Department of Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Cleveland, OH, USA Taipei, Taiwan
Jerome F. Breen, MD Yao-Chang Chen, MSc
Assistant Professor of Radiology Instructor in Biomedical Engineering
Mayo School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Engineering
Rochester, MN, USA National Defense Medical Center
Taipei, Taiwan
viii
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page ix
Contributors ix
Yi-Jen Chen, MD, PhD Mélèze Hocini, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Bordeaux, France
Taipei Medical University
Taipei, Taiwan Li-Fern Hsu, MB, BS
Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque
Jacques Clémenty, MD Bordeaux, France
Professor of Cardiology
University of Bordeaux II and Hôpital Chun Hwang, MD
Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Bordeaux, France Utah Valley Regional Medical Center
Provo, UT, USA
Mithilesh K. Das, MD, MRCP
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Warren M. Jackman, MD
Krannert Institute of Cardiology Professor of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine George Lynn Cross Research Professor
Indianapolis, IN, USA Director, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology
Co-director, Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Institute
Demet Erciyes, MD University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
The Center for Atrial Fibrillation Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Pierre Jaïs, MD, FACC
Cleveland, OH, USA Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque
Bordeaux, France
Stéphane Garrigue, MD
Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque José Jalife, MD, FACC
Bordeaux, France Professor and Chairman of Pharmacology
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics
Archana Gautam, MD Director, Institute for Cardiovascular Research
Cardiology Fellow State University of New York
Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Institute Upstate Medical University
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Syracuse, NY, USA
Oklahoma City, OK, USA
George Joseph, MD
Edward P. Gerstenfeld, MD The Center for Atrial Fibrillation
Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
University of Pennsylvania Hospital Cleveland, OH, USA
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Jonathan M. Kalman, MB, BS, PhD,
Prabal K. Guha, MD FRACP, FACC
Assistant Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine Department of Medicine
State University of New York University of Melbourne;
Upstate Medical University Director of Cardiac Electrophysiology
Syracuse, NY, USA Royal Melbourne Hospital
Melbourne, Australia
Michel Haïssaguerre, MD
Professor of Cardiology G. Neal Kay, MD
University of Bordeaux II and Hôpital Professor of Medicine
Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque Division of Cardiovascular Disease
Bordeaux, France University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, AL, USA
Siew Yen Ho, PhD, FRCPath, FESC
Paediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute David Keane, MD, PhD
Imperial College and Cardiac Arrhythmia Service
Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust St James’s Hospital
London, UK Dublin, Ireland
HENPR 3/11/04 5:31 PM Page x
x Contributors
Yaariv Khaykin, MD Andrea Natale, MD
The Center for Atrial Fibrillation Co-Section Head of Pacing and Electrophysiology
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Director, Electrophysiology Laboratory
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Medical Director, Center for Atrial Fibrillation
Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cheng-I Lin, PhD Cleveland, OH, USA
Professor of Physiology
Institute of Physiology Jeffrey E. Olgin, MD
National Defense Medical Center Associate Professor in Residence
Taipei, Taiwan Chief, Cardiac Electrophysiology
University of California San Francisco
Chung-Sheng Lin, MD, PhD, FACC San Francisco, CA, USA
Professor of Medicine
Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Hakan Oral, MD
Taichung, Taiwan Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiology
Ralph Lazzara, MD University of Michigan
Natalie O. Warren Professor of Medicine Ann Arbor, MI, USA
George Lynn Cross Research Professor
Director, Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Institute Douglas L. Packer, MD
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Professor of Medicine
Oklahoma City, OK, USA Mayo School of Medicine
Rochester, MN, USA
Francis E. Marchlinski, MD
Professor of Medicine Carlo Pappone, MD, PhD
Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology Director, Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac
University of Pennsylvania Hospital Pacing Unit
Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Cardiology
University Vita-Salute
Nassir F. Marrouche, MD San Raffaele Hospital
The Center for Atrial Fibrillation Milan, Italy
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Eugene Patterson, PhD
Cleveland, OH, USA Associate Professor
Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Institute
David O. Martin, MD University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
The Center for Atrial Fibrillation Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Richard A. Robb, PhD
Cleveland, OH, USA Scheller Professor in Medical Research
Professor of Biophysics and Computer Science
Fred Morady, MD Director, Mayo Biomedical Imaging Resource
Professor of Medicine Mayo School of Medicine
Division of Cardiology Rochester, MN, USA
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI, USA Salvatore Rosanio, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Joseph B. Morton, MB, BS, PhD, FRACP Director of Electrophysiology Research
Cardiologist and Electrophysiologist Department of Internal Medicine
Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Texas Medical Branch
Department of Medicine Galveston, TX, USA
University of Melbourne
Melbourne, Australia