Table Of ContentThirteenth International Seaweed Symposium
Developments in Hydrobiology 58
Series editor
H. J. Dumont
Thirteenth International Seaweed Symposium
Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Seaweed Symposium
held in Vancouver, Canada, August 13-18, 1989
Edited by
Sandra C. Lindstrom and Paul W. Gabrielson
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols 204/205 (1990)
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Internat10nal Seaweed Sympos1um (13th: 1989 : Vancouver. B.C.)
Thirteenth International Seaweed Symposium: proceed1ngs of the
Thirteenth Internat10nal Seaweed Symposium held In Vancouver.
Canada. August 13-18. 1989 I ed1ted by Sandra C. lindstrom and Paul
W. GabrIelson.
p. cm. -- (Developments 1n hydrob101ogy ; 58)
"Reprinted from Hydrobiolog1a."
1. Mar1ne algae--Congresses. 2. Mar1ne algae culture--Congresses.
I. lindstrom. Sandra C. II. GabrIelson. Paul W. III. Title.
IV. T,tle: 13th International Seaweed SymposIum. V. SerIes.
SH390.A15I58 1989
639' .89--dc20 90-4435
CIP
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7419-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2049-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-2049-1
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v
XIIIth International Seaweed Symposium
held in Vancouver, Canada, August 13-18, 1989
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE
Chairman: J. L. McLachlan (Canada)
Vice-Chairman: B. Santelices (Chile)
Secretary: B. Larsen (Norway)
Members: Y. Aruga (Japan), J. T. Baker (Australia), R. Delepine (France), M. S. Doty (U.S.A.),
P. Laite (U.S.A.), K. Nisizawa (Japan), E. C. de Oliveira (Brazil), M. A. Ragan
(Canada), C. K. Tseng (People's Republic of China), L. L. Whitneyt (U.S.A.)
LOCAL COMMITTEE
Co-Chairman : Robert E. DeWreede
Co-Chairman: Paul G. Harrison
Treasurer: Ronald E. Foreman
Scientific Program: Louis D. Druehl
Scientific Program: Paul J. Harrison
Tour Program: Michael W. Hawkes
Tour Program: Brian R. Oates
Tour Committee: Put Ang
Tour Committee: Frank Shaughnessy
Co-Editor: Sandra C. Lindstrom
Co-Editor: Paul W. Gabrielson
VI
I. R. F. Seagel; 2. Delegates at opening ceremony in Science World; 3. M. Coon; 4. M. Laycock, J. P. Van der Meer;
5. M. Ciancia; 6. M. Borowitzka; 7. (seated) R. F. Seagel, P. C. Silva, (standing) K. M. Cole, G. R. South, W. Woelkerling;
8. R. Foreman, M. Shivji; 9. D. Renn; 10. D. StanciofT. J.-P. Braud, B. Jakobsen; II. J.-Y. Floc'h.
Vll
12. J. McLachlan; 13. V. Silkin, B. Santelices; 14. L. Srivastava; 15. K. Mshigeni; 16. S. Brawley, J. Jones (Kain); 17. J. Merrill;
18. J. R. Waaland, H. Powell; 19. H. Kirkman; 20. P. Laite, G. Trono; 21. (kneeling) H. Oyieke, G. Trono, F. Shaughnessy,
(standing) I. Mine, 1. Munda, T. Ajisaka, H. Powell, R. Grimm, M. Amat, D. James, T. Bokn, E. Gordon-Mills, F. Rasmussen,
F. Magne, R. Rasmussen.
IX
Acknowledgements
The Executive of the International Seaweed Association gratefully acknowledges
the generous support of:
1. Marinalg International (Paris, France) and its member organizations:
China National Fisheries, China
Compania Espafiola de Algas Marinas (CEAM) S.A., Spain
Copenhagen Pectin Factory Ltd., Denmark
Grindsted Products AjS, Denmark
Kelco, Division of Merck & Co. Inc., USA
KelcojAIL International, UK
Litex AjS, Denmark
Marine Colloids Division, FMC Corporation, USA
Protan AjS, Norway
Sanofi Bio Industries S.A., France
Shemberg Marketing Corp., Philippines
Sobigel, Spain
2. Other organizations:
Acadian Seaplants Ltd., Darmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
ARDP, Inc. (Agronomic Research Development and Production), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Arai Seitaro Company Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
Chuo - Kasei Industry Ltd., Osaka, Japan
Datingbayan Agro Industrial Corp., Cebu City, Philippines
Fuji Chemical Industry Ltd., Wakayama, Japan
Gomas Marinas, S.A., La Coruna, Spain
Ina Food Industry Ltd., Ina-Shi, Nagano, Japan
Industrias Roko, S.A., La Coruna, Spain
Kadoya and Company, Kobe, Japan
Kibun Food Chemifa Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Kimitsu Chemical Industry Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Korea Carragheen Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
Marcel Trading Corporation, Manila, Philippines
MCPI Corporation, Cebu City, Philippines
Multiexport, S.A., Santiago, Chile
Myeong Shin Chemical Ind. Co. Ltd., Busan, Korea
Neushul Mariculture Incorporated, Goleta, Calif., USA
Ogawa Mitsuru Shoten Ltd., Nagano, Japan
Philip Rockley Ltd., New York, N.Y., USA
x
Productora de Algas Marinas Tala Ltda., Antofagasta, Chile
Products Quimicos Algina Ltda., Santiago, Chile
Riken - Vitamin Industry Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Shirako - Nori Company Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Societe D-Etude Et D-Exploitation D'Algues Et Produits Maritimes (Setexam), Kenita, Morocco
Soriano, S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
Yamagataya - Nori Company Ltd., Tokyo
The Thirteenth International Seaweed Symposium was held under the auspices of the International
Seaweed Association. The organizing committee expresses its thanks to the following organizations for
financial support of the meeting:
Botany Department, The University of British Columbia
British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, The Hon. J. L. Savage, Minister
Air Canada
Canadian Airlines International
We offer our sincere thanks to the following people who helped the editors by reviewing manuscripts
submitted to the proceedings: Z. Abramowski, P. Ang, D. C. Barilotti, F. Bellanger, C. J. Bird, K. T.
Bird, T. Bokn, J. J. Bolton, M. A. Borowitzka, J. P. Braud, S. H. Brawley, A. R. o. Chapman, J. S.
Craigie, I. R. Davison, C. Destombe, R. E. DeWreede, I. tom Dieck, L. D. Druehl, M. Edding, R. E.
Foreman, M. S. Foster, R. A. Fralick, A. Gibor, L. Golden, E. Gordon-Mills, M. R. Gretz, M. D. Guiry,
M. D. Hanisak, P. J. Harrison, M. W. Hawkes, V. Henocq, E. C. Henry, M. H. Hommersand, G. C.
Hughes, M. Indergaard, D. Innes, D. E. James, D. F. Kapraun, B. Larsen, E. Laws, C. S. Lobban, K.
LOning, J. McLachlan, L. Melton, J. Merrill, I. J. Miller, T. Moulton, T. F. Mumford, Jr., W. A. Nelson,
M. Neushul, R. E. Norris, B. Oates, L. Oliveira, T. D. Pickering, J. D. Pringle, M. A. Ragan, D. E.
Renfrew, B. Robertson, D. J. Rogers, J. Rueness, B. Santelices, R. F. Scagel, W. Schramm, G. J. Sharp,
F. J. Shaughnessy, Y. Shimizu, G. R. South, T. E. Thomas, G. N. H. Towers, H. Vandermeulen, W.
Wheeler, J. N. C. Whyte, W. J. Woelkerling, C. Y. Wu and C. Yarish. We especially acknowledge the
guidance and help of the former editors of the Proceedings, Carolyn Bird and Mark Ragan, and those
who reviewed more than one manuscript. And we offer our sincere apologies to any whose names we
may have inadvertently omitted. The secretarial staff of the Department of Botany, University of British
Columbia, Marion Crosson, Judy Heyes, and Tami Chappell, provided valuable and cheerful assistance,
as did Julie Oliveira; to all, we are most grateful.
Xl
Marinalg International Awards
Marinalg International is a world association of seaweed processors that was conceived in 1976 and has
its office in Paris, France, headed by our general secretary, Mr. Piot. Today twelve companies from all
over the world are registered as members of Marinalg of which five are producing alginate, five carra
geenan and two agar.
Objectives and main activities of Marinalg are:
1. To protect the production of pure and safe seaweed-derived hydrocolloids intended for use in foods,
pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
2. To represent the regulatory interest of the seaweed-processing industry before the various international
regulatory agencies such as the EEC and Codex Alimentarius.
3. To provide required data on the technological justification for the use of seaweed-derived hydro
colloids to the international and national regulatory agencies.
4. To disseminate information and answer inquiries on behalf of the seaweed-processing industry on the
safety and efficacy of seaweed-derived hydrocolloids, and
5. The activities of the Association are expressly limited to common regulatory matters.
Being a Scandinavian, I can tell you that in our part of the world we were already aware of seaweed and
its importance by the end of the Viking Age, since the oldest familiar description of an alga already can
be found in an Icelandic saga: Egil Skallagrimson's 'The loss of a son'. In this saga, Egil is determined
to die of hunger in his sorrow over the death of his son. However, his daughter prevents this by persuading
him to eat 'S01' - better known to most of you as Palmaria palmata. This made him so hungry and thirsty
that he changed his mind.
As you can understand, seaweed may prevent you from 'dying' and could probably also successfully
be administered to those suffering from anorexia, and as of late, seaweed has again demonstrated its
usefulness for those who want to stay 'alive' but slim through a diet.
So there are many other opportunities in the future for the seaweed-processing industry. Obviously,
we also need more seaweed raw material and new sources are currently being established. We also need
to do more to develop new sources but with one of Marinalg's major concerns in mind, namely to preserve
the ecological balance.
At the moment seaweed for commercial use is being sourced in coastal and open waters and to a lesser
degree in enclosed systems in many parts of the world, but not enough. For instance, the east coast of
Africa should be looked upon as an interesting and potential area that needs to become developed for
the benefit of the local population needing new employment opportunities as well as the international
seaweed-processing industry.
You will therefore appreciate that the papers we are going to award in a short while purposely are related
to development of seaweed resources for commercial exploitation. Our aim is, therefore, also to motivate
more phycologists to enter this field, be it the more traditional way through taxonomy, ecology and
distribution or perhaps through cultivation biology and techniques or via the exciting new possibilities
within biotechnology, which ultimately may open up new frontiers and opportunities that we today are
not even aware exist.
For a layman within this new field, my best contribution to encourage more of you to enter this area
