THESIS PREPARATION APPROVAL FORM Title of thesis or dissertation

102 Pages·2014·9 MB·English

THESIS PREPARATION APPROVAL FORM

Title of thesis or dissertation:
RETHINKING THE URBAN IDENTITY OF BAGHDAD IN THE 21ST CENTURY

I. To be completed by the student:
I certify that this document meets the preparation guidelines as
presented in the Style Guide and Instructions for Preparing
Thesis.

_________________________________ _______________
(Signature of Student) (Date)

II. To be completed by thesis advisor:
This document is suitable for submission.

_________________________________ _______________
(Signature of Advisor) (Date)

II. To be completed by College Director.
I certify, to the best of my knowledge, that the required procedures have been
followed and the preparation criteria have been met for this thesis.

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(Signature of Director) (Date)

XC: GRADUATE COORDINATOR
RETHINKING THE URBAN IDENTITY OF BAGHDAD
IN THE 21ST CENTURY.

A thesis submitted to the College of Architecture & Environmental Design
of Kent State University in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
of Master’s of Urban Design

by
Nadia R. Salman
August/2014
iii
Thesis written by
Nadia R. Salman
B.Sc., University of Baghdad, Iraq 2009

Approved by

____________________________________________________
Adil Sharag Eldin, Ph.D., Advisor

____________________________________________________
Jonathan Fleming, MArch, Director, Program of Masters of Urban Design

____________________________________________________
Douglas Steidl, Dean, College of Architecture & Environmental Design
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………..………….….....1
1
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................6.. ..6

CHAPTER

1. PLACE IDENTITY…………………………………………………………..………………..…… 4
7
1.1 Introduction …………………………………………….…….…………..………..8 5
1.2 Identity Notion …………………………………………………..……………... 8 1 0
1.3 Suitability as a Standard ………………………………………………………...…1. 21 0

1.4 Identity Aspects

1.4.1 Culture ……………………………………………..……….....….…..… 14
15
1.4.1.1 Religions & Traditions …………………………………….…...……...... 1 165
1.4.1.2 Symbolism ……………….………………………………..….……..….…1 177
1.4.2 Science and Technology ……………...………..…………..…………....…1 81 8
1.4.3 Natural Aspects ………………………………………….……….….…….1. 92 0
1.4.4 Architectural Heritage …………………………………….….………….....2 201

2. THE BAGHDADI IDENTITY …………………………………………...…….………..…….... 24
22

2.1 Brief History ………………………………………………………….……..…..…2 235

2.2 The Identity Crisis ………………………………………...…………...…..……...2. 32 5
2.3 General Characteristics ………………………………………….…….……...…. 2287
2.3.1 Location ………………………………….....………..…….…......……….2 278
2.3.2 Climate ……………………………….…………………….…...………. 2288
v

2.4 Phases of Transformation in the Urban Form of Baghdad
2.4.1 The Traditional Fabric …………………….......…………….……………. 31
29
2.4.2 The International Style …………………….......…………………………. 3336
2.4.3 The Nostalgia …………………….......……………...………….……….... 3358
2.4.4 The Present …………………….......………………...……………….…... 3471
Current recognition of heritage ……….………………………….........…. 39
3. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION …………………………………….………………..4 448
3.1 Conclusions …………………….......................………………..…………………. 4495
3.2 Recommendation …………………….......................……………………………. 5449
4. PROJECT: Designing a New Neighborhood in Baghdad………………………………………….5. 2
4.1 Guidelines……………………………………..……………………………..………5…3
4.2 Project Site…………………………..…………………………………..………… 56
4.3 Current Plan………………………………………………………………..…………
58
4.4 Demographics & Housing Demand…………………………………………..………
59
4.5 Proposed Zoning…………………………………….…………………..……………
60
4.6 Proposed Plan…………………………………..………………………….…………
63
4.7 Design Theme……………………………………..……………………..……………
68
4.8 Single-family Housing
4.8.1 Analysis………………………………..………………………………..……69
4.8.2 Proposed Design…………………………………..……………….…………71
4.8.2.1 Climatic Performance………………………………………………7 2
4.8.2.2 Elevations……………………………………..………..……………75
4.9 Multifamily Housing
4.9.1 The Plan…………………………………………….…..……………………76
4.9.2 Design & Climatic Performance………………………....…………………7…8
4.9.3 Privacy………………………………………………...……………………8 0
4.9.4 Diversity………………………………………….…..…………………… 80

4.10 The Commercial Area………………………………..………….………..…………8…1
4.11 Park 1………………………… …………………..…………..………………………85
4.12 Park 2………………………………………………………..…....…………………8…7
4.13 Discussion……………………………………………..………...……………………87

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………….
90
1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Buildings in Iraq by Architect Rifaat Chadirji* ……………….......……………….………. 7
9
2. Ministry of Housing and Construction *…………………….......………………….…………1..0 8
3. Using SUITABILITY as a standard for achieving IDENTITY …………….………….......... 1134
4. An artist's rendition of Baghdad around 762 AD, Abbasids ۞.…………..………………. 282 3
5. Arial view of a government palace in Baghdad ۞………………………………………….. 25
6. Office building –Baghdad*………………………………………………………………………26…
7. Classroom building- Univ. of Tech.- Baghdad*……………….......…………….…….………2. 62 8
8. Topography ۞………………….......………………………………………………….…….…2.7 2 9
9. River front, Baghdad ۞………………….......…………………………………..…..………. 2380
10. Development of Baghdad through history ۞…………….....………………..….………..…. 3302
11. Alleys module ۞………………….......………………….……………………………………3 314
12. Mashrabiya in Baghdadi house* …………………….………………….………......…………3…1 . 3
13. Al-Khadimya neighborhood ……………………..……………………......………….……….3 325
14. Wide streets through traditional city.
Al-adamiya neighborhood. 1930s*…………………………………..…………………………3 43 8
15. Al-Rasheed st. 1950s ۞………………….......……………………………….……..….………34. 38
16. Sports Hall by Le Corbusier ۞………………….......……………………………….……..…3. 53 8
17. Al-Damirchi Building by Niaz Fatto ۞………………………………………………………3…5 38
18. Al-Khulafa mosque by Makiya*…………………….......……………………………..……. 3396
19. Residential building by Abdullah Thabit. Baghdad*…….………......…….………...…………3.6 3 9
20. Public Square. Baghdad 1970s ۞………………….......……………………………….………36. 39
* Pe rmission gotten ۞ Permission sought
2
21. AL-YARMOUK neighborhood. 1970s …………………….......………………………………3. 74 1
22. Residential street with no vegetation*…………………………………………......……………3.8 4
23. Commercial street with small shrubs*…………………………….…….......………………….3 485
24. Using Mashrabiya as Decorative addition in governmental building. Baghdad*.......................4.415
25. Contemporary implementation of arches*…………………….......……………………………4. 14 6
26. Interstate gate in Basrah*…………………….......………………………….……….…………4. 24 6
27. Bridge of Civilization in Nasirya ۞………………….……….……….………......………….. 4426
28. Mashrabiya condition in the past (left) & now (right).)*………………….....…………………4. 34 7
29. Mustansirya historical school condition in the past (left) & now (right)*…………….……… 4473
30. The suitable elements of the architectural identity of Baghdad in priority sequence ………...…51…
31. Testing shading for different orientation. …………………..……………………………….. 53
32. Temperature info. & Best Orientation. Source: climate consultant…………………………. 53
33. Using deciduous trees for shading in Summer and Allowing sun in Winter…………………. 54
34. Wind directions in Baghdad.Source: climate consultant…………………………………….. 54
35. Blocking North wind………………………………………………………………………… 54
36. Filtrating dusty wind……………………………………………………………………………5…4 .
37. Privacy: using screens to control privacy*………………………………………………………55…
38. Diversity……………………………………………………………………………………… 55
39. Guidelines’ Logos………………………………………………………………………………5…5
40. Map of Baghdad 2014. Source: Google Maps……………………………………………………56.
41. North East side of Baghdad 2014. Source: Google Maps…………………………………… 57
42. The boundaries of Al-Rehab complex. Source: Google Maps…………………………….. 57
43. Current Plan*……………………………………………………………………………………5 8
44. Current Plan Assessment…………………………………………………………………………58. .
45. Housing Demand………………………………………………………………………………..
59
3
46. Unit types distribution………………………………………………………………………….5 9
47. Project area…………………………………………………………………………………………
59
48. The site area………………………………………………………………………..…………
60
49. The green belt………………………………………………………………………………….
60
50. The Residential Area……………………………………………………………………………
61
51. Equitable access to the public services. ……………………………………………………… 61
52. Zoning.………………………………… ……………………………………..…………….. 62
53. Neighborhood Plan (Buildings) ……………………………………………………………… 63
54. Neighborhood Plan (Street network & parking) ………………………………………………6…4 …
55. Neighborhood Plan (small parks & playgrounds) ………………………………………………65…
56. Neighborhood Plan (Main Parks) ………………………………………………………………
65
57. Neighborhood Plan………………………………………………………………………………66…
58. Bird’s eye view…………………………………………………………………………………6…7
59. Mustansria School*…………………………………………………………………………… 68
60. Mashrabia*………………………………………………………………………………………68… .
61. Theme Sketches………………………………………………………………………..…… 68
62. Proposed Theme…………………………………………………………………………………
69
63. Traditional Baghdadi House plan…………………………………………………………………
70
64. Contemporary house plan*………………………………………………………………………
70
65. Single-family Houses zone………………………………………………………………………71…
66. 3D model (shading & wind catcher).……………………….…………………………… ……7…2 …
67. Single-House 3D model……………………………………………………………………… 72
68. Proposed house plan……………………………………………………………………………7…2
69. Climatic performance in summer………………………………………………………………7…3
70. Climatic performance in winter.…………………………………………………..……………
73
4
71. Single House Top View/ South-facing Wall…………………………………………………… 74
72. 3D Model/ South facing wall.……………………………………………… …………………
74
73. Double Wall Performance in Summer………………………………………………………………
74
74. Double Wall Performance in Winter………………………………………………………………
74
75. Street view…………………………………………………………………………………………
75
76. Multifamily Building Sketch……………………………………………………………………….
76
77. Multifamily Buildings Area……………………………………………………………………..
78. Ground Floor & Typical Floor……………………………………………………………………76
79. Hierarchy of spaces in the Ground Floor & Typical Floor ………………………………………7…6
80. Apartment Circulation………………………………………………………………………………
77
81. A,B&C: Sketches of Multifamily Buildings’ elevation………………………………………
77
82. Southeast Elevation…………………………………………………………………………………
78
83. Northwest Elevation…………………………………………………………………………………
78
84. Southwest Elevation…………………………………………………………………………..
78
85. Northeast Elevation………………………………………………………………………………
86. Multifamily Building Top View…………………………………………………………………7…9
87. Section shows climatic performance of the building………………………………………………79
88. Solar panels on the roof………………………………………………………………………
79
89. Sitting area at the roof………………………………………………………………………
79
90. Section shows Privacy……………………………………………………………………………
79
91. Group of Multifamily Buildings…………………………………………………………………
79
92. Commercial Area Sketches…………………………………………………………………………
80
93. Commercial Area…………………………………………………………………………………
94. Commercial Area 3D Model…………………………………………………………………… 80
95. Entrance……………………………………………………………………………………………81
81
82
82