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ENV IA 'NIVEN I S
Editadby
D. P. H. Ha• •a ll nan
and
R. A.l-leller
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Thermal Stresses in Materials and Structures in Severe Thermal
Environments, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1980.
Thermal stresses in severe environments.
Includes index.
1. Thermal stresses-Congresses. I. Hasselman, D. P. H., 1931- II. Heller, Robert A.
III. Title.
TA418.58.155 1980 620.1'121 80-17767
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3158-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3156-8
001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3156-8
Proceedings of the International Conference on Thermal Stresses in Materials and Structures
in Severe Thermal Environments, held at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, Virginia, March 19-21, 1980.
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1980
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This volume of Thermal Stresses in ~~terials and Structures
in Severe Thermal Environments constitutes the proceedings of an
international conference held at Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, on ~1arch 19, 20
and 21, 1980.
The purpose of the conference was to bring together experts
in the areas of heat transfer, theoretical and applied mechanics
amd materials science and engineering, with a.common interest in
the highly interdisciplinary nature of the thermal stress problem.
It is the hope of the program chairmen that the resulting interac-
tion has led to a greater understanding of the underlying prin-
ciples of the thermal stress problem and to an improved design and
selection of materials for structures subjected to high thermal
stresses.
The program chairmen gratefully acknowledge the financial
assistance for the conference provided by the Department of Energy,
the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Office and the
Office of Naval Research as well as the Departments of Engineering
Science and Mechanics and Materials Engineering at Virginia Poly-
technic Institute and State University. A number of professional
societies also provided mailing lists for the program at no
nominal cost
The Associate Director, Mr. R. J. Harshberger and his staff
at the Conference Center for Continuing Education at VPI and SU
should be recognized especially for their coordination of the con-
ference activities, lunches and banquet. Provost John D. Wilson
gave a most enlightening and provocative after-dinner speech.
Finally, we also wish to thank our secretaries: Mrs. B. Johnson,
Mrs. P. Epperly and Mrs. ~1. Taylor for their patience in helping
us with typing of many of the manuscripts and the almost endless
stream of correspondence.
Blacksburg, Virginia D. P. H. Hasselman
March 21, 1980 R. A. Heller
CONTENTS
Thermal Stresses: A Survey 1
Bruno A. Boley
Thermoelasticity in Polymeric and Crystalline
Solids from the Atomistic Viewpoint 13
J. H. Weiner
Thermoelasticity with Finite Wave Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . 15
J6zef Ignaczak
Thermal Stresses: Transient and Permanent. . . . . . . . .. 31
Robert Gardon
A Coupled, Isotropic Theory of Thermoviscoplasticity
and Its Prediction for Stress and Strain
Controlled Loading in Torsion . . . • . . . . . . . 47
E. P. Cernocky and E. Krempl
The Effects of the Temperature-Dependence of Properties
On the Thermal Stresses in Cylinders . . . . . 61
P. Stanley and F. S. Chau
A Nonlinear Constitutive Relationship for Composite
Propellants ............. . 81
Donald L. Martin, Jr.
Thermal Stress and Fracture in Elastic-Brittle
Haterials ............ . 95
A. F. Emery
On Calculating Thermally Induced Stress Singularities .... 123
Morris Stern
Thermomechanical Parameters due to Fire in Unsteady
Heat-Conduction Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 135
D. Hartmann
vii
viii
CONTENTS
Thermoelastic Buckling of Plates in a Cylindrical
Geometry Against an Elastic Back Support 141
L. D. Simmons and R. W. Wierman
Stresses Due to Thermal Trapping in Semi-Absorbing
Haterials Subj ected to Intense Radiation 157
J. P. Singh, J. R. Thomas, Jr., and D. P. H. Hasselman
Instability of Parallel Thermal Cracks and Its
Consequences for Hot Dry Rock Geo-
thermal Energy • • • . . . . • • . • 169
Zdenek P. Bazant
Thermal Stresses in Coal Conversion Pressure Vessels
Built of Layered Construction • . • • 183
Theodore R. Tauchert
An Approach to Life Prediction of Domestic Gas Furnace
Clam Shell Type Heat Exchangers • • • . 207
Brian Leis, Allen Hopper, Nu Ghadiali,
Carl Jaske and Gene Hulbert
Statistical Fracture Analysis of Brittle Haterials
in Thermally Stressed Components • . . . 229
G. G. Trantina
Thermally Induced Stresses in Insulating Cylinder
Linings for Interal Combustion Engines . 245
William J. Craft and David E. Klett
Thermal Creep of Coke-Oven Jamb Frames 263
E. Kuznetsov and A. T. Hopper
A Study of Part Through Cracks in a Reactor
Beltline Subjected to Thermal Shock 273
W. H. Peters and T. G. Blauel
Analyses of Mechanical and Thermal Stresses for Loft
Densitometer Mounting Lug Assembly • . . . 287
G. Krishnamoorthy and F. H. Chou
Thermal Stresses in Heat-Absorbing Building Glass
Subjected to Solar Radiation •••••• 305
Dieter Stahn
Effect of Spatial Variation of Thermal Conductivity on
Magnitude of Tensile Thermal Stress in Brittle
Materials Subjected to Convective Heating 325
K. Satyamurthy, J. P. Singh, D. P. H. Hasselman and
M. P. Kamat
CONTENTS ix
Thermal Shock of Refractories 343
J. Homeny and R. C. Bradt
Effect of Crack Healing on Thermal Stress Fracture . • • .• 365
Tapan K. Gupta
Improvement of Thermal Shock Resistance of Brittle
Structural Ceramics by a Dispersed Phase
of Zirconia • • • • • . . . • • • • 381
N. Claussen and D. P. H. Hasselman
Dependence of Thermal Stress Resistance on Material
Parameters: Ceramic Composite Systems 397
P. F. Becher, D. Lewis III, '01. J. ~fcDonough,
R. W. Rice, G. E. Youngblood and L. Bentsen
Thermal Stress in Cylindrical Glass Seals in Micro-
electronic Packaging Under Thermal Shock • 413
Klod Kokini, Richard W. Perkins and Charles Libove
Reliability Analysis of Thermally Stressed Viscoelastic
Structures by Monte-Carlo Simulation . • . . • 431
Thomas L. Cost
Propagation of Propellant-Linear Separations in
Rocket Motor Grains Under Transient Thermal
Loading •.•...•..••.... 447
Donald L. Martin, Jr.
Thermoviscoelastic Interaction Effects in Filled
Polymers • • • . • • . .... 475
W. L. Hufferd and E. C. Francis
Allowable Strength of Viscoelastic Materials Under
Variable Thermal Loads . 491
Robert A. Heller and Mahendra P. Singh
Failure Probability Evaluation of an Anisotropic
Brittle Structure Derived from a Thermal
Stress Solution 503
J. Margetson
Estimate of Storage Life for M392/M728 Projectiles
Based on Finite Element Thermal Stress
Analysis •••••.••.•. 521
James O. Pilcher, Aaron Das Gupta and
Thomas R. Trafton
x CONTENTS
Determination of the Thermal Shock Fracture Toughness
of Reactor Graphite Subj ected t<J Neutron
Irradiation at High Temperature 535
S. Sato, H. Awaji, Y. Imamura, K. Kawamata and
T. Oku
Thermal Stress Testing of Advanced Optical Ceramics
by a Laser Technique • • • • • • • 553
S. G. Schwille, R. A. Tanzil1i and S. Musikant
Laser Induced Thermal Stresses in Brittle Materials 567
J. J. Mecho1sky, P. F. Becher, R. W. Rice,
J. R. Spann and S. W. Freiman
Investigation of Thermal Shock Resistance of Ceramic
Materials Under Programmed Heating • • . . 591
G.A. Gogotsi and Ya. L. Groushevsky
Thermal Deformations and Stresses in Composite
Materials • • . • . • . . . • • 607
I. M. Daniel
Residual Stresses and Microcracking Induced by Thermal
Contraction Inhomogeneity 629
A. G. Evans and D. R. Clarke
Thermal Microcracking in Ce1ion 6000!PMR-15 Graphite!
Polyimide ••••••••.•..••• 649
C. T. Herakovich, J. G. Davis, Jr., J. S. Mills
External Crack Due to Thermal Effects in an Infinite
Elastic Solid with a Cylindrical Inclusion 665
R. S. Dhaliwal
The Viscoelastic Behavior of a Composite in a Thermal
Environment 693
D. H. Morris, H. F. Brinson, W. I. Griffith and
Y. T. Yeow
Stress Related Thermal Emission •..••• 709
Kenneth L. Reifsnider and Edmund G. Henneke
Contributors 727
Index 735
THERMAL STRESSES: A SURVEY
Bruno A. Boley
The Techno10giea1 Institute
Northwestern University
Evanston, Illinois 60201
I want to thank the organizers of this Congress for asking me
to present the opening lecture. I thought it would be appropriate
if I were to start with a rapid review of the field of thermal
stresses and give some thoughts regarding an assessment (although
necessarily a very personal one) of the present state of the field,
and finally include guesses as to what the future might bring.
The history of the development of the field of thermal stresses
forms an interesting study of a growth of a scientific discipline.
It may thus be useful not only in judging what has happened and is
likely to happen in the field itself, but may provide some broad
observations in a general way upon progress in a scientific field.
A glance at the number of publications in this field (Table1,
[lJ) shows that a remarkable grawth has taken place in the field of
thermal stresses, but that it has taken place relatively recently.
For example, one may note that only 17 papers were published in the
first 65 years of the subject (i.e., from 1835-1900), and an equal
number in the next 20 years. But an admittedly incomplete listing
for the two years 1972 and 1973 alone [2J contains roughly ten times
that number of papers, and there is no doubt that the rate of publi-
cations has continued to increase ever since.
Rather than to dwell on the number of papers published, however,
it is probably more instructive to consider a few of the landmarks in
the long history of the subject, and thus to see whether the
scientific advance followed a similarly increasing rate of growth.
The preparation of this paper was supported by the Office of Naval
Research.
2 B. A. BOLEY
TABLE 1
Thermal Stress Publications [lJ
Number of Publications
During the five-
year period Cumulative
before 1836 4 4
1836-1840 2 6
1841-1845 1 7
1846-1850 0 7
1851-1855 0 7
1856-1860 0 7
1861-1865 0 7
1866-1870 1 8
1871-1875 1 9
1876-1880 1 10
1881-1885 2 12
1886-1890 0 12
1891-1895 2 14
1896-1900 3 17
1901-1905 5 22
1906-1910 5 27
19l1-1915 2 29
1916-1920 5 34
1921-1925 15 49
1926-1930 15 64
1931-1935 21 85
1936-1940 30 ll5
1941-1945 30 145
1946-1950 83 228
1951-1955 204 432
