Thermal Insulation and Radiation Control Technologies for Buildings

487 Pages·2022·14.576 MB·English

by  Jan Kośny, David W. Yarbrough

Green Energy and Technology
Jan Ko´sny
David W. Yarbrough   Editors
Thermal
Insulation and
Radiation Control
Technologies
for Buildings
Green Energy and Technology
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·
Jan Kos´ny David W. Yarbrough
Editors
Thermal Insulation
and Radiation Control
Technologies for Buildings
Editors
JanKos´ny DavidW.Yarbrough
MechanicalEngineering R&DServices,Inc.
UniversityofMassachusetts Watertown,TN,USA
Lowell,MA,USA
ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic)
GreenEnergyandTechnology
ISBN 978-3-030-98692-6 ISBN 978-3-030-98693-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98693-3
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Preface
Thermal insulation technologies play an important role in today’s buildings. They
equallyaffectthegeneralarchitecturaldesign,buildingenvelopeconfigurations,as
wellas,buildingenergyconservation,andinternalthermalcomfort.Theeditorswith
decadesofresearchandapplicationexperienceinthefieldofthermalinsulationsand
buildingenvelopesundertooktheorganizationofthisbookonthermalinsulationsto
provideamilestoneforthestatusofthefieldandtoprovideusefuldiscussionsabout
researchareasthatareactiveatthistime.Thetwentycontributorstothisvolumeon
thermalinsulationrepresentingthreecontinentsaredueourpraiseandappreciation
fortheirtimeandefforttopreparechaptersbasedontheirexperienceandexpertise.
Theintentofthisworkistoprovideindustrialandacademicresearchersaresource
forentrytoadiversecollectionofthermalinsulationtypesandrelatedsubjects.The
chapters contain discussion that has value for a wide variety of professions in the
area of insulation technologies, building envelopes, material engineering, building
science,aswellasthosewhowouldsimplyliketoknowthestatusofthescienceat
thispointinhistory.
Intheopeningsection,thisbookoffersashorthistoryofthermalinsulationand
later, it contains discussions about conventional materials such as mineral wool,
reflectiveinsulations,andcellularplasticsusedtoinsulatebuildings.Anefforthas
beenmadetoincludechaptersoninsulationproducts,forexample,reflectiveinsu-
lations and bio-based materials, that are not commonly allocated much space in
publicationsonthermalinsulationmaterials.Areasthatsupporttheeffectiveuseof
thermalinsulationsinbuildingssuchasresistancetofire,biologicalconsiderations,
and assembly evaluation are included in this book to further document the current
statusofthermalinsulationsusedinbuildings.
Majoradvancesinthefieldofthermalinsulationhaveappearedinrecentyears.
Evacuatedpanelsandaerogelshavecomeintousewiththermalresistivities(R-value
perunitthickness)thatarefargreaterthanconventionalair-basedinsulations.The
term“super-insulation”issometimesappliedtothesematerialsespeciallyinthecase
ofnano-basedandvacuuminsulations.Achapteronlow-densityconcretesthathave
significantthermalresistanceisincludedaswell.Areasimportanttotheperformance
ofthermalinsulationshavenotbeenneglected.Thiscategoryincludestopicssuch
v
vi Preface
as dynamic performance and the concept of thermal mass, the impact of thermal
bridging, and material designs to reduce flammability. The impact of moisture on
thermal performance is an important area that will expand user understanding. In
everycase,thechapterauthorshaveincludedkeyreferencesthatprovideadditional
coverageandinsightforthesubjectsbeingdiscussed.Thechaptersasaresultoffer
multipleavenuesforevaluatingandcharacterizingthermalinsulationsinthepresent
decade.
Thecategory“conventionalinsulatingmaterials”isablyrepresentedbychapters
onmineralfiberinsulations(glass,rock,andceramicwools),reflectiveinsulations,
cellularplasticinsulations,andcellularconcretebyZ.Chen,T.Lui;H.Saber,C.Lim
andM.Ashhar,A.Stepien,R.Dachowski,andJ.Piotrowski.Advancedinsulations
thatmakeuseofreduceddimensionsorvacuums(superinsulations)aredescribed
anddiscussedinchaptersbyP.Mukhopadhyaya,Z.Chen,B.Jelle,andE.Kossecka.
Environmentalfactorsandassemblydetailsthataffectinsulationperformancearethe
subjectofcontributionsfromH.Kunzel,aswellasE.Kossecka,D.Yarbrough,andJ.
Kos´ny.Uniquesubjectsforthosedeepinthisareaofbuildingsciencearerepresented
bychaptersonbio-basedinsulationbyH.KunzelandS.Czlonka,bio-resistanceby
N.Sienkiewicz,andreducedflammabilitybyJ.LubczakandR.Lubczak.
Theeditorsofthisbookandpublisherareindebtedtoexperts,whocontributed
tothisbook,forsharingtheirknowledgeandinsights.
Pleasebearinmindthatpublicationsofthistypeinevitablyreflecttheopinionsand
prejudicesoftheirauthors.Thatiswhysomereadersmayinevitablydisagreewithour
opinions,bookstructure,andofcoursethechoiceofsubjectmatterpresented.Past
experience indicates that such disagreements usually represent healthy reflections
comingfromthediversityofthetechnologyunderdiscussionandareessentialfor
its evolution. Nevertheless, we hope that all future readers will find something of
interest.
HappyReading!
Lowell,USA JanKos´ny
Watertown,USA DavidW.Yarbrough
Contents
1 ShortHistoryofThermalInsulationandRadiationControl
TechnologiesUsedinArchitecture .............................. 1
JanKos´nyandDavidW.Yarbrough
2 Long-Term Thermal Performance of Insulations Under
MoistureLoads ............................................... 37
HartwigM.Künzel
3 Overview of Thermal Performance of Air Cavities
andReflectiveInsulations ...................................... 55
HamedH.Saber
4 ReflectiveInsulationinSouth-EastAsiaRegion .................. 83
LimChinHawandMuhamadZahinBinMohdAshhar
5 DevelopmentandApplicationStatusofGlassWool,Rock
Wool,andCeramicWool ....................................... 129
ZhaofengChenandTianlongLiu
6 CharacteristicsofBio-basedInsulationMaterials ................ 163
HartwigM.Künzel
7 Bio-basedFoamInsulation ..................................... 177
SylwiaCzłonka,Agne˙ Kairyte˙,andAnnaStra˛kowska
8 ImprovementsofPolyurethane(PU)Foam’sAntibacterial
PropertiesandBio-resistance ................................... 217
NataliaSienkiewicz
9 Increased Thermal Stability and Reduced Flammability
ofPolyurethaneFoamswithanApplicationofPolyetherols ....... 241
JacekLubczakandRenataLubczak
vii
viii Contents
10 HighPerformanceThermalInsulations—VacuumInsulation
Panels(VIPs) ................................................. 275
PhalguniMukhopadhyaya
11 ApplicationofVacuumInsulationPanels(VIPs)inBuildings ...... 289
ZhaofengChenandQiongWu
12 The Concept of Nano Insulation Materials—Challenges,
Opportunities,andExperimentalInvestigations .................. 347
BjørnPetterJelle
13 InsulatedAutoclavedCellularConcretesandImprovement
ofTheirMechanicalandHydrothermalProperties ............... 393
AnnaStepien,RyszardDachowski,andJerzyZ.Piotrowski
14 Dynamic Thermal Performance of Insulation Combined
inDifferentFormationswithThermallyMassiveComponents ..... 421
JanKos´ny,ElisabethKossecka,andDavidW.Yarbrough
15 ThermalEfficiencyofInsulationinBuildingStructures—The
ImpactofThermalBridging ................................... 443
JanKos´nyandDavidW.Yarbrough
Chapter 1
Short History of Thermal Insulation
and Radiation Control Technologies Used
in Architecture
JanKos´nyandDavidW.Yarbrough
Abstract This chapter discusses the history of major and most common types
of building thermal insulation, which is probably as long as human civilization.
Differenttypesofthermalinsulationmaterialshavebeenusedinbuildingstoreduce
heattransferbetweendifferentbuildingcomponentsorstructuresofvaryingtemper-
atures,withbestknownapplicationsinbuildingenvelopes.Inpractice,theexterior
building skin should perform a variety of different roles that include keeping the
exterior climate outside by limiting the transfer of heat, water, and air, in order to
maintaincomfortableinteriorconditions.Aparticularrole,however,isreservedfor
thermalinsulation,whichisresponsibleforminimizingtheheatexchangebetween
theexteriorenvironmentandtheinteriorspaceofabuilding.Themitigationofheat
transportistheprimaryreasonforthermalinsulationmaterialsbeingsowidelyused
inbuildings.Theuseofthermalinsulationmaterialsgreatlyimpactsthefollowing:
– Energyconsumedforheatingandcoolingofbuildings’internalspaces.
– Thethermalandhygrothermalperformanceofspecificenvelopeandconstruction
materialsorstructuresthatrequirethermalinsulationsuchasopaquewallsand
roofs,damp-proofcourses,waterproofmembranes,relatedjointsorsealants,and
others.
Intheseapplications,thermalinsulationisakeycomponentofthebuildinginterior
fabricorexteriorenvelope.Additionalfunctionsoftenprovidedbythermalinsulation
include:avisualanddaylightconnectiontotheoutdoors(windowsandskylights),
reductionofnoisetransmission,supportofstructuralloads,andaestheticallypleasing
appearanceonbothsidesofthebuildingenvelope.Furthermore,anumberofconfig-
urations of thermal insulation and heat conducting components, generate thermal
bridging effects in various parts of the building skin and architectural interfaces.
Theycansignificantlyimpactthermalperformanceofbuildingenvelopesandalso
B
J.Kos´ny( )
UniversityofMassachusettsLowell,Lowell,MA,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
D.W.Yarbrough
R&DServices,Watertown,TN,USA
©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 1
J.Kos´nyandD.W.Yarbrough(eds.),ThermalInsulationandRadiationControl
TechnologiesforBuildings,GreenEnergyandTechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98693-3_1