Thermal effects on aquatic organisms: an annotated bibliography of

184 Pages·2009·9.55 MB·English

ORNL/EIS-143
MASTER
Thermal Effects on Aquatic Organisms—
An Annotated Bibliography
of the 1977 Literature
ORNL/EIS-143
Contract Ho. U-7405-eng-26
Information Division
THERMAL EFFECTS ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS -
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 1977 LITERATURE
Compiled and edited by
Sylvia S. Talmage
Ecological Sciences Information Center
Information Center Complex
Work sponsored jointly by the Electric Power Research Institute
under agreement RTS-76-37 and the Division of Environmental Impacts,
U.S. Department of Energy.
Date Published - December 1978
r -——•'——'• •-4onct- ••"'— — ••
I T^») tfpBtt mvt pfwmmvv M JN KCMM <rf mwk
F %ymwM *f Or Vnm* St#nC**vwmm*i V*fcti *c .
} Imrri Sow nm (fcr I'mwrf Sfrtr tttpmrnmu rf ,
J Fwrrft. *nr any rf ihrw mmWcr*. mr any TT Nmr
' cw«dm». whcnat/Kron. m- ttww fWf|p>tr». fnafcf*
! art wjrrmnr, fiprr* <• yfarj. «*f itmmn my Irpl
! totnTitv m 'rtp.nmMrt* 'ir t*if KturKy.t-n«nf<<rtmrH
; -w nrf*h»fH rtf *r» p'lornmti.K,. appytruv pu*du; ij
%
p.ffwpr ?fr*attty n.-mA -irftu -J
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
operated by
UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
for the
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
!n
RELATED PUBLICATIONS BY THE ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES
INFORMATION CENTER
The following publications are available £r a the Ecological Sciences
Intonation Center or fro* the National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, Virginia.
C. C. Coutant, E. *. Huber, and H. A. Pfuderer, Thermal Effects on Aquatic
Organisms — Annotated Bibliography of 1971 Literature, ORNL/EIS-72/28
(September 1972).
C. C. Coutant and H. A. Pfuderer, Thermal Effects on Aquatic Organisms —
Annotated Bibliography of 1972 literature, ORNL/EIS-73/28 (June 1973).
C. C. Coutant, H. A. Pfuderer, and B. N. Collier, Thermal Effects on
Aquatic Organisms — Annotated Bibliography of the 1973 Literature,
ORNL/EIS-74/28 (October 1974).
C. C. Coutant, S. S. Talnage, R. F. Carrier, and B. N. Collier, Thermal
Effects on Aquatic Organisms — Annotated Bibliography of the 1974 Lit­
erature, ORNL/EIS-75/28 (June 1975).
C. C. Coutant, S. S. Talaage, R. F. Carrier, B. N. Collier, and N. S.
Dailey, Thermal Effects on Aquatic Organisms — Annotated Bibliography
of the 1975 Literature, ORNL/EIS-88 (October 1976).
H. A. Pfuderer, S. S. Talaage, B. N. Collier, W. Van Winkle, and C. P.
Goodyear, Striped Bass -A Selected, Annotated Bibliography, ORNL/EIS-
75/73 (March 1975).
J. S. Nattice, H. A. Pfuderer, and B. N. Collier, Chemistry and Effects
of Chlorine in Aquatic Systems — A Selected, Annotated Bibliographtj,
CRNL/E1S-82 (March 1976).
S. S. Talma^e, Thermal Effects on Aquatic Organisms —An Annotated Bibliog­
raphy of the 1976 Literature, ORNL/EIS-124 (May 1978).
CONTENTS
Highlights •
Introduction vii
Ackaovledfcnents » ix
Bibliographic References 1
Autfear Index 97
levword Index 105
Subject Category Index 113
Geographic location Index US
Taxoa Index 117
Femuted Title Index 123
ill
- ^^r'-s^^-vrrc^W**^
HIGHLIGHTS
This bibliography, containing 537 references from the 1977 literature,
is the seventh in a series of annotated biblic&r&pjies on the effects of
heat on aquatic organisms. The effects of the rat", discharges at power
plant sites are emphasize-:. Laboratory and riciv' studies on temperature
tolerance and the effects of temperature char.geu on reproduction, develop­
ment, growth, distribution, physiology, and -*m;Itivity to other stresses
are included. References in the bibliography are divided into three sub­
ject categories: marine systems, freshwater .systems, and estuaries. The
references are arranged alphabetically by fir*; author. Indexes are pro­
vided for author, keywords, subject category- geographic location of the
study, taxon, and title (alphabetical listing of keywords-in-context of
nontrivial words in the title).
V
INTRODUCTION
Since 1971 the Ecological Sciences Information Center (ESIC),
Information Center Complex, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in support
of the Department of Energy's program of bioenvironmental research, has
been compiling a computer-searchable data base on the effects of heated
discharges from power plants on aquatic organisms. In 1976 the Electric
Power Research Institute became a cosponsor of the project. The scope
of the data base includes published literature on power plant site studies
and related field and laboratory studies. The entries in the data base
are available for searching through ESIC. An annotated bibliography is
published annually.
The literature on thermal effects has been reviewed annually for
several years in the Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation.
The literature indexed in this bibliography forms the basis of the 1977
literature review compiled by S. S. Talmage and C. C. Coutant.
Data bases compiled by ESIC on thermal effects, impingement, en-
trainment, and chemicals released in cooling waters have been combined
and merged with a data base of unpublished literature on power plant
effects compiled by the Atomic Industrial Forum. This combined data
base on power plant cooling system effects was created for the Electric
Power Research Institute and is available for searching through the
Atomic Industrial Forum, Washington, D.C.
Citation Form
The bibliographic data are arranged according to the ESIC format.
As a result of computer limitation in indicating superscripts and sub­
scripts in the standard manner, certain conventions have been established
in the bibliography:
1. For subscripts, X sub t is used for X .
2. In chemical compounds and elements, NaI03 is used for NalO*.
3. In exponential functions, lO(E+3) or X(E-2) is used for 103 or X"2
respectively.
A. For units of measurement such as cubic centimeters or square feet,
X3 is used for X3.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Charles C. Coutant of the Environmental Sciences Division, Oak
Ridge Rational Laboratory (Or.NL), provided guidance and support for
this project. Opal Russell of the ORNL Central Research Library and
Betty Cornett of the Ecological Sciences Information Center acquired
the documents. Susan Richardson of the Information Sciences and
Operations Department, Information Center Complex, managed the computer
production of this document.
ix
<1>
<1> areas' tela* *«» akaa tk* •****
stall. >.(., as* B.T. •artaa. cali stack: Tk* rvackai 22 C. faaa* if-tka raar.
•ffact »f tata *f ttacaal asctaaat *s tk* raaiaa w a*, aar* first csstarai aa say
S*r*i**l*r JssBall* HlwUc »ak*s*a 2a. It Las* »laaaar ria* aarck aara
t9M*jajei|i T*UB*sc|. callactaa fra* lata Bay, akaa ta* aatar
tiaaitataca ka« raarkif K c. skraask Jaa*.
Hal. Ml.. 11. It: Ta^y af-tka iaar. a**ra«iaa. 2* aa ia laaatk.
S*ert na». Itai.. 31. n polar •* tatara! a*r* c*ll*ct*< ia aia-saaast. I$T|
scieazas •» fUlasalfkia. Haeelct Bstsacis*
•let. wm
<»>
rasts' Tsaasxstsr* ********* **c**sser**' kT Haas, s.s., Tk* toalaty *f tauraas, SasTlM
flak sarkM •¥• *ist*r rr**> skat seas *f M* fUl, risk caaaaaitias. II. raactiaaal
iacsstries «itk taat** *fflassts ta*« asalyais.
rtaalte* ia lara* kills. Ttis star? aas
iaitiet** ta assess tk* r*aB*aa* af ysaaail* til*. Jaw. b*. Bar. sial. seal. (SaU.1. 22,
Mlaatic aaakaasB >llimni n f l Mn I*»11 fsatiaaal Baria* riskariss saraic*.
asdiaatai t* if c as* sskyactat ta anml ItUMic estaaria* riskaci*s Caatac. aaasfart, CC|
niti *r ttanel eecreeae ssse ta 5 C. Tk*
rates af I m mi sere 0.0, 1.5. 1.0 ee4 •-• a. acasarti«s. aas rasairatiaa *f
liars, la all cases aiserBaatet laa txene* fisk caaasaitiaa atiliziaa ta* a*l*rass kaas
as tka taseerateee aaaeaattai <C. k ia a stalls* astaaris* systas a*ar asaafwet,
si«aificaBt sUfareaca ia tta **4iaa tia* ta Bartk Caraliaa **r* astisat*f sar W21-1912.
festk fi.*., tia* at aklck M* Bactalitr cat ***caatia* tiaaifac tk* tkra* aalar fisk
accarrat at * c| »•* feee* far fist I H WI ssacias aar* stasia! is tk* lakscatacv.
t» tta faar ntas. Tta aver*** astis* tiaa taacaatias tia* far piafisk s*craasa« tra*
to **stk aas »» Wats fT*a*> »J-** kaars). ia.a t* ».J kr as t*ss*rst*ra iacraas** fraa
lit resells af this staff akav tkat ff It II C. Saacaatiaa tis* fas »i*fisk
t»ss*r*t*r* appears ta a* aara iasartaat tkaa sarraasaf fra* 12.* t* S.f kr as t*sa*ratar*
tka rata af stussss eta* calf iacraaasa fras 2* t* 2t C, aas aaacaatias
aitkia « kaars. ftatkl tis* far sil**rsis*a aacr*as<€ fr*s 21.* ta
7.1 kr as taaaaratar* iacraas** fraa 1! t* 2S
c. oryasa faaaasstias raarassia* statistics
o> st s***rsl raaass af taaaaratanas ar*
takalat** far skafisk. IStl
•tall, y.t.. B.T. Barte*. as* CJ. *.eace» Tiaa
caaraa *f Tkaraal sccliaati** la Mastic
silver sis* (MOIstl *tnMsl tasasas ts Cyclic
Tea yeratares. <1>
S.s.. r.k. Caaaisskaa, k.». Cray, aai >.».
1TT7. tasa. Sestkeast. Mel. sail., 2a, M: • Critical taalastias af tk*
Sssrt risk, ska.. 22, 21 ttcatasT *f •stsral »**c*Bi»I**ic*l Ksviraaaaatal Tackaical
Sci**:*s af falUCalafcia, Ussfict *stserlaa ty*cificati*as: **1. 2: S*rry ****r flaat Bait*
(asasrck la*erat*ry, Bsaefict, in 1 aea 2.
Tk» tlaa cases* *f tkaraal accliastiss ia »T7. *rn/wastC/T»-T». Oak lifaa Mttesal
it laa tic silvers!** *s**se* ta savaral Ukaratscy (**» lis** latiaaal lakaratary. Oak
fiartsatisa la* teaaaratere* aas aatarsiaas. lis**, TB)
Malt fisk war* ardiaatat far a aiaisaa *f
taa saaks ta IS C Oa* areas aas tkaa tafeaa • caayrakaasi** sta4y af tk* sat* oallactaf
fras TS C ta f C e*»r a W-ssy aariai |1 as *art *f tk* *»»lr*asaatal Tackaical
c/say) *at kali at 5 c far 21 fays- Tkra* SBscificatiaas acasras far Salts 1 ass 2 *f
eceass aara asassat aaca asarf 2a kaars far tk* Ssrry Baclaar V*a*r rlast aas carriaf cat
11 fays t* fiffereat flactaatia* tasescatar* f*r tk* Offic* *f l**slat*ry lasaarck af tka
cyclas. aaeer Halt critical tkasail saslaa O.S. ssclasr ••aslstary Caasissias. laalysis
PT*l a*r* eses t* sassss tkaraal acdiaatiaa af tka ssaltariaa fata saaatstaf tkat tka
after *ssassr* t* tk* cycle* far varisas tkaraal slsckar*** at Ssrry ar* satis* a
*»ri*4s af tia* as t* 11 lavs. Ill CT» aacatiaa affect *a tk* Bkrtaylasktaa ss<
atasaraaasts war* a*** at aaslasa rkase fit saaa last taa kat at* «akaacia* tk* kaatkic —*
CI. Tk* CT* *f all cyclic araaas aacrassat aaktaa paaslstiaas la tk* fiscksrs* scsa.
sleaiflcsBtly sets*** % «aa to car* •*** Cstck-B*r-aat-aff*rt *f fisk BSS kiakar ia
easy are* ta tka it C aceliast** ceetrels. tk* siscsara* ar*a tkaa is castral area*
Tk* cm af all cyclic erases ear* sariaf caalar aaatfts kst aas leaar far is*
sl«*lflcaatly kiakar tkaa tk*** *f flsk h*U aara sestks. ssacific racassaaaatiaas are
oatisssasly far 21 says at S c. Ik is steer sea* f*r iasreaiae kstk tka arssaat
laciest** tkat mastic sll**rsls* eraee** t* kytrvtkaraal sea eceleaical aaaitaria*
cyclic las taaper*t*r*s af 7*st ta yraaran. ($T)
istaraefiat* t**s*ratere(Bl tat**** tk*
atelBss sat aarisaa ratkar tkaa taaarf tk*
sart**s as kas »••* ss***st*f far flak «>
•tsasa* t* cfelic elavataa tvaparataras. Mass, S.B., r.k. CsasiBskss, »-•. Cray, sal r.».
ffatk) ssssc, 1 critical tvslsstiss af tka
a*are*i*l*«icsl taairaaaaatal Ttcaaical
Saaclficatiass: y*l. 1; raack katta* Itasic
<1> tvatc Stattos fait* 1 s»4 2.
•ctltsa*, «.*., *>• Ca. fasKat, lift iwtary
Mafias af ts* »arrsaaa<* taw», IKHKITn r»TT, omyBBBts/ys-71, oak klf** sstissal
itTtnarrff Klrsrc), ia ;allfarsi«. Ukarstary (Oak (iff* Vstlaaal laaaratary, oak
•its*, TV)
1*7*. Calif, risk ( «*•*, «2, S-2» r^'faral*
ftata Misarsity, a*ssria*st #f •ialaaickl 1 ceastMBBiy* stssy af tk* ssta c*ll*ct*f mt
*cl*a:*s, Sacraaasta, CX) asrt *f tks aayUasseatal Tvckalcal
faaciflcatiata srayraa f*r (aits 1 aaf 2 *f
H 1st* cr**ak«r*s, callf#nia, saaial tk* **ack tMtsa Masi* ****r ftatl** as tka
flaarykias aas aksaraaf is tactaaasta aarck lasar Sssssakaaaa llvar, rasssylyaaia far tk*
U karll at s astar tasptratar* *f 1* c. offic* *f BMBtotaty •ssaacck af tat 1.1.
laaarsiaa af tka Walt faaala troskaatac
aaclaar ****is*.»rr ""oaaissia* is prostata*, traaical fisk. cousa rtSCIlTBS. ia lea aatac
litlsst* of t&# aaaitaria* Uli ska**4 tkat at 1 c far *m* aia iaaakilila* tka fixk.
r»'rk-o»r-**it-**fort •»* fisk MI ki«k*r ia Sacaaarr «**» taa aia aftac rotaca t« aaca
t^.* tisrfeata* ataaa tfcaa ia taatr*l «r«*s t*aa*ratara. saaatalaajical stataas caatactaa
4iria* ss%a»r vat was *»* saa* laria* ai*t*r. at J, 15. :T. at. aa4 K] aia m* at 12 ta 2a
kr r*r**la4 siaaificaat ckaaaas ia tka
akaaaaac* af laacacatas aaa tkraakacTtas. ta
iacraas* ia tk* aaaaar af laacacrtas
<7> (laacacytasixi aas *<it*at fraa is tkcaoakt
• -••lata. :.».. «*»?»» of »a*ia» ^raatk Sac 1?] aia aa* at 2tT aia: aacaal caaats **r«
-a Irjsfi »* c»ro fCT»*I*J5: casr:-!! aa* tk* «ksara*4 at tka atkac absoraatiaa tiaas.
Tfc'l^a-ras >f Taaa^rttar* »a* ?»<>t*»*rio,t. TkraakacTtaaaaia arcarr*a at IS t* 21 aia,
aitk aacaal laaals at atkar raoaarr tist*
1**7. Tv»r. ?iii. ««. 31. Cat., n, '»«-51S iataraals. Tkara was a* ckaaaa ia tka
l"s\»>rsxt» af *ia*«so**, )»*arta**t of aaaa4aaca mf *rrtkcacTtas ia rasaaaaa ta taa
T»t«»!>i». n^ari**, lai » it 41 if*. ;t. *a*l. H» strass. skwek saseaatikilitT aaa sisilar
<*rie* sifiacaat saasaa* af tka T*ar.
»*?*ri»»ets a*r» eaoaact*-* »a t**»M »<T|
»**i*-af-tka-T*«r ar yaarlia* cars fCY*si**s
?t!?I~l to •iataraii* tk* ia'li>ac* of
t*ra*r«*ar» aa* r»*to*»riol aa tk* aroatk <10>
K*«i-i ibitita af twin arsatfc tg kkakas. ».».. *a4 1. Sara. Tka If fact of Saliaitr
ail ti» 4os»-r*S'*oas* ralatiaaskir of koaia* •a4 Taaaaratar* a* latracallalac Oaaacaaalatiaa
rr»»»k Haraoa* ra earn iiostk. Tk*r* aa* aaa Sascla rra* a a is* *ci*s ia rolWLOS
r»I«ti»»l» sr»at« aakaacaarat of araatk aa* 9i ir sans.
t> hoaia* sraat? *ar*oa* at aa at*** oatiaaa
*»t*»r»tsc» 'or rroatk, J5 '-. tkaa at tk* iar». Caaa. fiacr.aa. Vkasial., 5«». 10I-1CS
?c?iaaa taaaarat ir* *•? tr. Tkis aas rossikls |*ai**rsitr af T»a**ssa* c*at*r tor tk* taaltk
U» »•» *.«cr»*s*^ arotaetia* ar activity of scioscas, Baoartaaat at Oastasrics sal
•atta^aoas aro*?k kora?a* at l1!* kiakac 'Taacolaar* Stspkis, T>; Saiscrsitf af lactk
t*»a*r«tar*. rassttii* ia a traatar rasaaas* Mbita, s*aartaaat af tialaar. sraaa rarks, »|
?> t*a »»as»aaa* kaaiaa koraaa*. Iakicitioa
of »alo-?*Bo*s aroatk a** k* a aa^at liaitiaa r>PJTtVS Siaairaanx tolaratas katk fraskaatar
fn-tar t3 Ka!!: at aaor* aatiaa* aa« M aat aaa aatar at IS C. at 0. « C a*IT
t»«»»ra»ar»s. ItfltMt's a* a a*£ If kr kal fraskaatar was tal*rat*< aaiI, aai aaly SO*
si *ff»-t OR th* raxaoasa of t^ fisk to a! tk* saaala aaaalatia* ssraiaao ia 10 apt
*jr»oa* ia 1*ctioni. It a taasaxatara af ?S c s*a aatar aft*r 2 aaaks. at IS C tissa*
fi** ra-aiaiaa koala* karaaa* $>s***s of iaarsaaic iaas aaa fra* aaiaa aci<*s iaccaasas
12.5, ?";, S3, aai I10 Ta/o aar at rasaoa4*4 aitk aa iacraaaa ia aaaiaat uliaitr. la
sttfc inrraasiaal? ar»atar aroatk ratas ovar fr*skaatar adaatal fisk. tissa* K|*|
'iit raraiaiai skaa ialactiaas. caalitiaa i*cra*s«< akil* fr«* aaiaa aci4a <acsaaa<
'tutors af fist iacraastt tkraofkaat sast af aitk a aacraas* is aatar taaaatatara. Tk*
":* *i**ris*ar aitk afaatar iacr*as*s aaasa aciaarr aaiaa aciis iaaalaa* aitk saliaita
htnaor ini*cta"1 fis*. fkatk) ckaaa* a*r* alaaiaa. alaciaa, aaciaa.
acalia*. aaa asaartic aevt. Tsariaa *U aat
ckaaa* aitk saliaity *a4 aaaaraatlf *aa» aat
fractlaa ia iatraaallalar aaaaraaalatiaa.
• 'lirtil, a., tafls'ac* of >.i«a; aai T*a*aratar* (katkl
tr tk* ;ro*tfc *ate » rstaariaa Bvatkic fiat aas
ia raltara. a
<11>
'•77. "arina Biol. |t. svr.i. 1». 1-» akraaaa, T.I., Tka tffact af Taaaaratara Ckaaaas
Paiaarstif of "naissaa, Saaartavat of aa tk* Oaaalaaaaat af OlfCaTS CklN riskar aa4
5T*tai«tie Sotaaf. Itaraa, •atkotlaeaxl aacCtoitia 1*20 itckiataiaaal.
nr kiokast aroatk ratas of fkflCOW klCSkll* 1*T7. Istaariaa * Caaatal Bar. Sci., S, *«S-«S3
is 1»t»raia»1 br tk* rat* of iacraasa of tka (RaskoKt Stata Oaiaarsitr. Daaartaaat af
ckloroakall-a coataat ocearro-l at H to 20 c Sialaar. areata, Ckl
»M1* tka othar tkra* saaeias of aataariaa
saatkie aistaas, «*Mir»ot» MIV DO ft, Tka teaalaaaaat ratas af aakraas af tka
»ir-SC»I» OISSINTI; aaa imtCIII SKM, kaa ackiaroK aaca rsttCHS CkOfC) aara ataaiaa*
n 3»tiaaa of 29 C or kiakac. Tk* aaaar aariaas taaaaratara rafiaas. Tk*
saal l-c*ll*4 saavias k<4 kiakar aroatk ratas aarcaataaa af aaraallr-facaaa aabcTaa at tka
at tkair oatiaaa taaearatara, kat at laaar 1*-<all staaa ass asaa m* aa iaaicatar af
t*aa*ratara« tV* aroatk ratas of all (oar faaarakla caadltiaas. Tk* aaaar latkal
soaelas kecaa* a*rf siailar. Tka aiaiaas taaaaratara far favalaaisa IIKUS *a*rf*s
liilr aaaataa irra«iasca tkat coal* affact aas 21 C. at 22 C avaalaaaast aas caaM kat
liokt-satarataa sreatk at 17 aaa 20 C raaaas tk* askcra* aara aaraal ia aataaraaca. »t •
froa 2.5 to 5.9 t/s?-i«T> »t 12 C, tao
C claaaaaa la tarsals aara araatlr acatractat,
saacias ka<l tkair ki^aast aroatk ratas aaiar
aa 1 kr daila aftotoacrloa. »t 20 C, tka aa< kf tk* M-call staaa (skaat 12 kr aftar
tkra* saaeiaa tastaa all kso kiakast araotk f«rtlllsatiaa) aaarlr all af taa aakrra* w*t
Mt*s aaoar H kr oailr akatifariao. (tfC) aaaarsal ia aaaaaraaca. Oaaalaaaaat at 9 C
ass slsa aat aaraal. Tka raa* af tkaraal
talaraaca far aaaalaaaaat ia OMClIf aw
astiaataa ta a* * t* 22 C. MtfM Mftfacta*
ts tkcraal sksvk araaraas siailar t* tka
lariaal, n., ant a.ir. Sriaastaaa, tffacts of caaiitioaa acajaeat kr tka OaakalOt lav faaar
foll-Skock a* >loo< calls 1* a frask tatar float asaarlaacaa taaaararilr accslaratatf
Trosleal Tolaost, C9UM rucinos. «a*alaa—at ratas sat a S ta 10 aareaat
iacraasa la tka aarcaataaa af
i*7«. arck. »aat. ttierosc. Korakol. (sal., OS, akaaraallr-forsaa iaaiaiaaals. (tatkl «0)
1«V1T» (Oaiaarsitr of eorakkaar, Danttaaat of
tooloaa, ?otatfcp*r, Iaaia)
<I2>
<T2> salact«4 iata aaa lysis procaaaras, af tka
alkirat. 3.3., aa-t F. Sarlette. aielea.? ef siaaltaaaoas taapatatara-saiiaity kalaraaea
"1'IIW FlWMaTk (Baa-tick) U Isary Coast. I. of a«alt SCORTSIS 8BCt»IS fraa tka
Tfesrrietio* af pea> redact iea aad first larval Sacraaaato-Saa Joaaaia astaary for aiffaroat
Staao*. saaseas aa4 y*ars is tk*a rrasaata*. Tka
raarossisa ao-iali cocivad for tka sariaa aac
1«J*. f*e. Sri. rest. Peck. ocmMc, e»H1sa, saaaar H72 paaalatioas yiali aaiat-ostiaata
Mini, 7. nj-til |Oat. otsroe, lakeratery of pralictiass of tka saacias* sptiaaa saliaitv
Hydra* isleea, eeaake, faery raaatl a*tick ara aariooxty affactal IT taaaaratara
aaa ttr coacoaiuat aariaklas. Sa liaity
Seaaaiae ef STWiloSk FlaaatlTk taak place oatiaaa 4acraasa4 aitk iacraasiaa
fraa ooaaakar to Jeae ia oetecs eitk taaporatara. Saasaaal aad yaarly raqiaas af
saliaities of IS to 2s aft aad teaperataras taaparatara-saliaity aptiaaas ara aiaoa. 1ST)
nt 11.9 to ?9-2 C. (ST)
<13> illaalar, S.H.. Iffacts of tmrsica aa4
• H»s. a.*.. III. Croetk, Svpradectioe aad Tvaoaratsra spaa sroatt of tka Trapical trosa
Sersiwel of Soae 'arise Cepepods Sebyected to »laa **9IT1 JJpnsICi. vsiaa a Tiaa-siaalatioa
Tkerael aal nackaeical stress. Ipparatas.
1«T». fi.o. •kesis. let varsity «< Florida 1*T7. ^ariaa Jiol. (». Gar.I, ao, K-9i
C»Bir»rslty af Mori la, -Uiarsaillv, Fl) IVaiaarsity of aaaaii, 3apartaaat af Sataay,
iBBOlall, »1
• stady aas eade of tka lotkal aad saftletkal
af facts of peaer Blast eatraisas-et a ad 1 sia?la tida'Siaalatiaa aaaaratas aas asaa
tkerael stress OR tka caeepots of tka Crystal to iaaastisata tka iaflaaaca af aaarsiaa ant
tiaer estaery •• tka oast coast of Florida. taaaaratara (21 to 2* C) oa tka iatartUal
TeaaerstBre, salieity, aed araatk of ?I»:M JiPOIICl Taaada ia tatk tka
teaperetere-saliaity iataractioas aere aaoaa jaaaaila aad adalt araatk Pkasas. tka apaar
t»e aost iaparteet factors iaflaeeciae: loaatioa liaits ara aot Jataraiaal ky tka
esrtality. "»4*t coaditioes af laa saasitiaity of aay particaiar oroack pkasa,
teaaeratere aad eederate saliaitias, siaca all pkasas skoa tka saaa aaarsioa
eeekeaicsl ixseee eea tka ee?»r letial :sl#raaca liaits. ?ka saacias areas kast
aatraiaaaat affact for aast seec.et, oat akaa coatiaaoasly s«*aaraa4. aal aroatk ratas
arelaced relatively lea aortalitiaa ceaeared itacraasa aitk iacraasiaa aaarsiaa tp tc a
t» ties* feaed vitk otkar clear appar zaaatiaa aoaadary. Miak
teaeeratere-seliaity rraiaas. Sack species taaparatara raoacas tka aaarsiaa tolaraaca
kid aaieea respeese sett eras to aad is tkarafara aa iapoctaat factor ia
tsBaeretare-saliBity affacts, as eell as to tropical iatcrtidcl zoaatioa. (katk)
oakiaatioas of otkar variables, kat
virtaally all eikifclted rapidly iactaasiaa
e>rtelitles as teaearatares rasa stove J5 C. <17>
Saklatkal aatraiaaaat affacts aara aeejlieiele •aaaa, *.., aai f.*!.S. fiai», ::fact of iiak
aatil SBBaar soaditioas caased disckarse Taaparataras aa tka Laraaa aad Fapaa of IECSS
as tars ta risa akoaa 35 c. Fossible »STFTI (11 DiDtara:Calicidaa).
kioloaical ass ecoleaical laplicatieas at
tkasa aatraiaaaat aas tkaraal straw stadias t«76. saacladask josr. Zaol., «, 7)-*a
ara discassed. Ilstkl 1ST) riaiaarsity of Dacca, Sapartaaat of toalaay,
•aaaladask)
<la> effact of ki«k taaparataras |3a to •* O oa
lllta, J.k., *» Cook, ».J. Jackass, S. rrastea, tka foar larval aad papal iastars of ifDts
tad LI, aortk, Oksvrvatioes oa tka fata of ktCTFTI aadac lakocatory coaditioas aara
Frefa=tlea aad Packeeicil Freeerties af tka racordad. For tea-aiaata aspassres tka IT50
•rssas Tkreeds of UTTIUS WU.IS I.. aariad fraa al.t to aj.a c. Laraaa kacaaa
slaaaisk at ki»h taapcrataras. kftar loaa
•ay*, toar. doll. Sted., a}, TTVJta (Bei varsity aiposara to saklatkal taBparataras ia tka
Kariaa lioloey Statioe, Rillaart, ScotUad) larval aad papal staaa, soaa of tka adalts
fallad to aaaraa, aad aaay of tkosa tkat
Tka rata af tkraad prodectioe is RnrtOS aaaraad kad daforBad aiaas. (ST)
tooiis decreased aitk lacrcaslae; sixa of tka
aaiaal bstk at kiak sad loa salieities. la
aaiaals of tka ssee sixe, fasor tkttaaa aara
srodeced at loa saUalty tksa at kiak, akila ladarsoa, CO., Jr., 9.J. troaa, I,*, katsckka,
•ora aara eredeeed at klsker taaoantaras. LH Mliott, aad F.l. lala, Tka tf facts of tka
(ketk) (•»> Mditioa of a Foartk SaBaratla* Bait at tka Satea
Darker tlactric Caaaratiwi Statiaa aa tka aariaa
tcosystaa of Salaa larkor.
Mies, J.T., Saaa tffacts of slesltaaaoas f<7$. lasort ef tka •Mssackasatts Diaisioa of
aarlatioa ia Saliaitr aaa Teeaeraiare aa sarvivel •arise fiskarias te tka »ee faaiaad Foaar
ef tdelt ifJOtms KlCtDts fraa rape let lee* ia Coapaay, «7 p, (Kassackasatts Oapartaaat ef
tka MCraeeate-Sea Joeesie rsteery. fisaaries, aildlifa aad tecreacioaal Feaiclas,
Diaisioa of Uriaa fiskarias)
1*7*. fk.9. Tkasls, kaiaarsitr af Califaeaia
fVaiatrsitr of Califoraia, Davis, C»| Tka stsdy aas eadertakea te oateraisa tke
affacts of tka addltioa ef a faartk
I oatallas assassaaat of a»tk aaalraia eeeeratiee salt at tka Salaa karkor (Rasa.)
arocWaras apalieakla to tka astiaatlaa, aitk Ilectric aaaaratlaf Statioa. oparatlee ef tke
Moaaaar lata, of talaraaca raspoaaa ssrficas feartk aalt taiaad taa averaaa dalu 1 of tka
teaeriativa of aa afutle saaeias' Statioa 1.5 C. Tka tka.aal plsaa had a
staaitaatoM tolaraaca af aaairoaaaatal mi aasiesa aartical paaatratiaa ef a ft, aaiiaaa
asaariBMttl f aetata ia araaaatai. Tka keciseatal paaatratioa of epprosiaataly eaa
ta salts of isksratorr tasts, atiliiiH aaatical aile, ail • total aelaaa stick aas