Therapeutic and nutritional uses of algae

673 Pages·2018·11.59 MB·English

by  Pereira

Therapeutic and
Nutritional Uses of Algae

Therapeutic and
Nutritional Uses of Algae
Leonel Pereira
MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre
and
IMAR—Institute of Marine Research
Department of Life Sciences
University of Coimbra
Coimbra
Portugal
p,
p,
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pereira, Leonel, author.
Title: Therapeutic and nutritional uses of algae / Leonel Pereira, MARE,
Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, and IMAR, Institute of Marine
Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra,
Portugal.
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2018. | "A science publishers book."
| Includes bibliographical references and index of algae species.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017040101 | ISBN 9781498755382 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Marine algae as food. | Marine plants--Nutrition. | Marine
algae--Therapeutic use. | Plants, Edible.
Classification: LCC TX402 .P475 2018 | DDC 641.6--dc23
LC record available athttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017040101
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Preface
Marine algae (seaweeds and marine microalgae) are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine
environment. They produce a wide variety of chemically active metabolites in their surroundings, potentially
as an aid to protect themselves against the environmental stress and aggressive organisms. These active
metabolites, such as halogenated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenoids, polysaccharides and fatty
acids derivatives, among other compounds, that are produced by several species of seaweeds and microalgae
have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, vermifuges, neuroprotective, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory,
anti-allergic, antithrombotic, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycemic properties, which are effective in
the prevention of several diseases and have potential uses as therapeutic drugs. Numerous studies have
concentrated on the contribution of marine organisms, including seaweeds and marine microorganisms,
in the search for new drugs from natural products.
One important approach to drug development involves assaying folk remedies for active ingredients,
and several seaweed species are used as traditional medicines, foods and health care products in various
regions of the world. The use of seaweed species to treat fever, lumps, and swelling is recorded in the
Oriental medical textbook Donguibogam, published in 1613. Many seaweed species have also been used
as herbal medicines in China over several centuries.
The first industrial interest in studying algae started with the aquaculture industry for both microalgae
and macroalgae (seaweed). The demand for seaweed as a direct food resource and the demand for fish
production needed the application of aquaculture techniques. In the case of seaweed, this was the only
choice for sustainable production. The production of microalgae was necessary for the feeding phase of fish
larvae to ensure the survival of newly born juveniles and for the feeding of zooplankton. For development
of pharmaceutical compounds from a marine source, supply issues will always be a critical problem, and a
major obstacle to drug development is the lack of sufficient material. Among marine organisms, seaweed
is a promising candidate for drug production because it’s relatively easy to obtain adequate, reliable and,
the most important, renewable supplies by aquaculture. Thus, such an abundant species with immense
aquaculture potential will have a better chance of being developed on a large scale for commercial food
and drug production.
Leonel Pereira

Acknowledgements and
Credits of Images
This work had the support of “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (FCT), through the strategic project
UID/MAR/04292/2013 granted to MARE. The author also thanks Alan Critchley (Phycologist) the revision
of some chapters of this book.
Credits of Images
Images on Public Domain
Fig. 2.2: Edgar 2016
Fig. 2.3: Eklof 2012
Fig. 2.5: Tike 2016
Fig. 2.6: Yikrazuul 2009
Fig. 5.1: Häggström 2014
Fig. 10.2: Beards 2014
Fig. 10.3: PubChem 2017
Fig. 10.4: Edgar 2017
Originals
Leonel Pereira
Figs. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2

Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgements and Credits of Images vii
Abbreviations and Acronyms xi
Glossary xxiii
1. Biodiversity and Description of the Main Algae with Bioactive Properties 1
2. Nutritional Composition of the Main Edible Algae 65
3. Therapeutic Uses of Phycocolloids 128
4. The Cardio-protective Activity of Edible Seaweeds and their Extracts 143
5. Antiviral Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts 175
6. Antitumor Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts 212
7. Antifungal Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts 311
8. Antibacterial Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts 347
9. Antiparasitic, Insecticidal, and Larvicidal Activities of Seaweeds and their Extracts 428
10. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergic, Antipyretic, Antinociceptive, Antithrombotic, and 450
Anti-coagulant Activities of Seaweeds and their Extracts
11. Neurological Activities of Seaweeds and their Extracts 485
12. Thalassotherapy and Marine Cosmeceuticals 503
References 523
Index of Algae Species 627