Theory and Practice of Specialised Online Dictionaries: Lexicography Versus Terminography

282 Pages·2014·6.437 MB·English

by  Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera, Sven Tarp

Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera, Sven Tarp
Theory and Practice of Specialised Online Dictionaries
LEXICOGRAPHICA
Series Maior
Supplementary Volumes to the International Annual
for Lexicography
Suppléments à la Revue Internationale
de Lexicographie
Supplementbände zum Internationalen Jahrbuch
für Lexikographie
Edited by
Rufus H. Gouws, Ulrich Heid, Thomas Herbst,
Oskar Reichmann, Stefan J. Schierholz,
Wolfgang Schweickard and Herbert Ernst Wiegand
Volume 146
Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera, Sven Tarp
Theory and Practice
of Specialised
Online Dictionaries
Lexicography versus Terminography
ISBN 978-3-11-034883-5
e-ISBN 978-3-11-034902-3
ISSN 0175-9264
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
© 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Druck und Bindung: CPI buch bücher.de GmbH, Birkach
♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier
Printed in Germany
www.degruyter.com
|
Thanks are due to the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and to the
Junta de Castilla y León for financial support (Grants FF12011-22885 and VA 067A12-
1); also to Aarhus University and the Velux Foundation for financing Dr. Fuertes-
Olivera’s stay at the Centre for Lexicography as Velux Visiting Professor 2011-2012.
Our special thanks to Professors Henning Bergenholtz, Theo J. Bothma, Rufus H.
Gouws, and Ulrich Heid, to Associate Professors Sandro Nielsen and Patrick
Leroyer, and to research student Alejandro García-Aragón for their comments on a
draft of this book. Special thanks to Miguel Albillo for his aid for preparing the
manuscript.
Our special thanks to all the scholars whom we have quoted. All quotations
which were not originally written in English have been translated into English by
the authors of this book.

Contents
1 Introduction | 1 
2 What is Specialised Lexicography? | 4 
2.1 Definitions | 4 
2.2 Dictionaries versus encyclopaedias | 8 
2.3 Typology of specialised online dictionaries | 12 
3 Academic Status of Specialised Lexicography | 19 
3.1 A discipline with its own subject field | 19 
3.2 Relation to linguistics | 22 
3.3 Relation to terminology and terminography | 27 
3.4 Relation to information science | 30 
4 Concept of Lexicographical Theory | 34 
4.1 Is lexicography a science? | 35 
4.2 A lexicographical theory is possible | 37 
4.3 Additional remarks on the concept of lexicographical theory | 40 
5 General Theory of Specialised Dictionaries | 44 
5.1 Utility tools and user needs | 45 
5.2 Concept of user needs | 48 
5.3 Data and information | 57 
5.4 Lexicographical functions | 62 
5.5 General methodology: an example | 65 
5.6 Prescription, description or proscription? | 77 
5.7 The lexicographical process: the lexicographer’s perspective | 84 
5.8 The lexicographical process: the user’s perspective | 87 
6 Special Problems Related to Online Dictionaries | 91 
6.1 Data filtering | 92 
6.2 The type and the individual | 95 
6.3 Access to supplementary data | 97 
6.4 The use of corpora and the Internet | 100 
6.5 Online communication with the user | 101 
6.6 Shortening the access route | 103 
7 A Critical View of Terminography | 104 
7.1 Theories of terminology | 105 
7.2 Traditional terminology: The General Theory of Terminology | 106
VIII | Contents
7.3 Terminology and linguistics | 109 
7.3.1 Cabré and the Communicative Theory of Terminology | 110 
7.3.2 Temmerman and the Sociocognitive Approach | 112 
7.3.3 Martin, Faber and frame-based terminology | 116 
7.4 Terminology and knowledge engineering | 121 
7.5 Summary | 128 
8 An Analysis of Specialised Online Dictionaries | 129 
8.1 A functional framework to dictionary criticism: A list of criteria for
reviewing specialised online dictionaries | 130 
8.2 The Dictionary of Business and Management | 135 
8.3 The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online | 138 
8.4 The Musikordbogen | 141 
8.5 The Glossary of Mortgage and Home Equity Terms | 143 
8.6 The Cambridge Business English Dictionary | 145 
8.7 TermFinder | 148 
8.8 The Business English-Spanish Glossary by A.D. Miles | 149 
8.9 The Glossary of FAO Database and Information Systems | 151 
8.10 Kicktionary | 153 
8.11 IATE, CercaTerm and UNTERM | 156 
8.11.1 Inter-Active Terminology for Europe (IATE) | 157 
8.11.2 CercaTerm | 162 
8.11.3 The United Nations Multilingual Terminology Database
(UNTERM) | 166 
8.12 The Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in
Nine European Languages | 169 
8.13 The European Dictionary of Skills and Competences (Disco) | 172 
8.14 Genoma and EcoLexicon | 177 
8.14.1 Genoma | 179 
8.14.2 EcoLexicon | 185 
8.15 Summary and The Work Ahead: Working with the Function Theory of
Lexicography | 189 
9 Designing, Making and Updating Specialised Online Dictionaries | 192 
9.1 A Multidisciplinary Activity | 192 
9.2 Pre-compilation phase | 197 
9.3 Compilation Phase | 198 
9.3.1 Lemma Selection | 200 
9.3.2 Explanation of meaning | 205 
9.3.3 Restricting Meaning | 209 
9.3.4 Contextualising Meaning | 217 
9.3.5 Offering More Choices | 223
Contents | IX
9.4 The Post-Compilation Phase: A Process of Continuous Updating | 230 
9.5 Summary and Conclusion | 239 
10 Conclusions | 241 
References | 245 
Index | 269