Table Of Content911
“In the two decades since / the United States has been forced to deal in a new
area of public policy – Homeland Security – that lies between two heretofore well
understood areas – National Security and Law Enforcement. National Security dealt
with threats from abroad while Law Enforcement, or more broadly public safety,
dealt with internal threats. Both were underpinned with ample theory. In the rush
to ‘do something about’ Homeland Security there has been precious little intellec
tual capital spent on developing the needed theoretical underpinnings. In Theoretical
Foundations of Homeland Security: Strategies, Operations and Structures, Ramsay,
Cozine, and Comiskey have done this labor for us, in a readable and well thought out
explication of the theory that should support such a broad integrated effort at all
levels of government, including the private sector, including academia”.
—Barry Zulauf,
Professor of Applied Intelligence
at Georgetown University, and President of IAFIE
“Theoretical Foundations of Homeland Security: Strategies, Operations and
Structures stands as one of the most significant contributions to the scholarship of
homeland security studies. In developing the first-ever homeland security textbook
specifically dedicated to theory; Ramsay, Cozine, and Comiskey have set a solid
foundation upon which future scholars of this emerging discipline can build. In every
regard, this textbook skillfully sets out and explains the related theories that have
contributed to the emergence and evolution of the homeland security enterprise—
ultimately forming the basis for an integrated theory of homeland security. This book
is a must for inclusion in any homeland security or related academic program and
also serves as a valuable tool for practitioners in the field”.
—Kelly W. Sundberg,
Mount Royal University, Fellow, Canadian Global Affairs Institute,
Former Senior Policy Officer with the Ministry of Public Safety Canada,
Citizenship and Immigration Canada Investigator,
and Canada Border Services Agency Inland Enforcement Officer
“Theoretical Foundations of Homeland Security: Strategies, Operations and
Structures is an extremely useful book and an essential contribution to the debates
about the concept of Homeland Security; a concept that is more than the sum of its
parts - national security and internal security. The individual contributions offer up
invaluable insights into the various aspects of Homeland Security and, taken together,
provide an understanding of the concept that is both broad and deep. This book will
be an indispensable resource for academics, students, and policymakers alike”.
—David Strachan-Morris,
Lecturer in Intelligence and Security,
University of Leicester, UK
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“Theoretical Foundations of Homeland Security: Strategies, Operations and
Structures takes on the mammoth challenge of developing a grand theory of home
land security. In a single volume, the book presents basic theoretical frameworks
from more than a dozen disciplines that contribute to an understanding of contempo
rary and future homeland security problems. The text will offer unique value to col
lege courses that seek to integrate practical and conceptual approaches to homeland
security”.
—Chris Bellavita,
Director of Programs for the Naval Postgraduate School’s Center
for Homeland Defense and Security
“Theoretical Foundations of Homeland Security: Strategies, Operations and
Structures is a recognition that acceptable levels of security can vary over time and
across nations, depending upon a variety of factors. I saw this first-hand just within
my three years as U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security. ‘Security’ as we know it is
in reality a continuing effort to strike the right balance between the public’s basic
physical security on the one hand and the preservation of the public’s basic freedom
and privacy on the other. Those in public safety are the guardians of one as much as
the other”.
—Jeh Charles Johnson,
Partner Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP,
and former Secretary, US Department of Homeland Security
“We live at a historic juncture as old notions of threat and security ring hollow and
new paradigms must be currently found. Ramsay, Cozine and Comiskey’s ambitious
book aims to do just that. By drawing on the established understanding in different
areas of scholarship the authors masterfully redefine the field of homeland security
for in the twenty first century. This is much more than a theoretical primer for stu
dents and neophytes. This volume will prove invaluable even to seasoned scholars and
practitioners in the field”.
—Allon J. Uhlmann and Stephen McCombie,
Department of Security Studies and Criminology,
Macquarie University, Australia
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Theoretical Foundations of
Homeland Security
This new textbook outlines the main theories and concepts from a variety of disci
plines that support homeland security operations, structures and strategies.
Following the terrorist attacks of September 11th, “homeland security” (HLS) grew
in importance within the U.S. government (and around the world) and matured from a
concept discussed among a relatively small cadre of policymakers and strategic think
ers to a broadly discussed issue in Congress and society with a growing academic
presence. Yet the ability to discern a theory of homeland security that would support
overall security strategy has been more elusive to both scholars and policymakers.
This textbook aims to elucidate a grand theory of homeland security by leveraging the
theoretical underpinnings of the disciplines that comprise the strategies, operations
and structures of the HLS enterprise. In this way, each chapter contributes to a grand
theory of homeland security as it explores a different discipline that influences or sup
ports a domain of the homeland security enterprise. These chapters cover intelligence
systems, terrorism origins and ideologies, emergency management, environmental
and human security, cybersecurity policy, crime and security, global governance, risk
management, public health, law and policy, technology, interagency collaboration
and the sociology of security.
This book will be essential reading for students of Homeland Security and
Emergency Response, and recommended reading for students of terrorism, intelli
gence, cybersecurity, risk management and national security.
James D. Ramsay is a professor of Security Studies and coordinator of the Homeland
Security Program at the University of New Hampshire, the United States. He is also
founding chair of the Department of Security Studies.
Keith Cozine is an associate professor and director of the doctoral program in Home
land Security at St. John’s University, the United States. He has a decade and a half of
law enforcement and intelligence experience including nearly ten years with the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security.
John Comiskey is an associate professor of Homeland Security at Monmouth Univer
sity, the United States. He is a retired New York City Police Department Lieutenant and
U.S. Coast Guard Senior Chief Petty Officer.
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Theoretical Foundations of
Homeland Security
Strategies, Operations, and Structures
Edited by James D. Ramsay,
Keith Cozine, and John Comiskey
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First published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2021 selection and editorial matter, James D. Ramsay, Keith Cozine, and
John Comiskey; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of James D. Ramsay, Keith Cozine, and John Comiskey to be
identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78
of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ramsay, James D., editor. | Cozine, Keith, 1972- editor. | Comiskey,
John, 1964- editor.
Title: Theoretical foundations of homeland security : strategies,
operations, and structures / edited by James D. Ramsay, Keith Cozine,
and John Comiskey.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020032411 (print) | LCCN 2020032412 (ebook) | ISBN
9780367201692 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367201708 (paperback) | ISBN
9780429259920 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: United States. Department of Homeland Security. |
Terrorism--United States--Prevention. |
Terrorism--Prevention--Government policy--United States. | National
security--United States--Management.
Classification: LCC HV6432.4 .T44 2021 (print) | LCC HV6432.4 (ebook) |
DDC 363.325/15610973--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032411
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032412
ISBN: 978-0-367-20169-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-20170-8 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-25992-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Times
by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
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To all those who promote and defend liberty around the globe.
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Contents
List of figures xi
List of tables xiii
List of contributors xiv
Foreword xvi
Acknowledgements xix
List of abbreviations xxi
Glossary xxiv
1 Introduction to security theory 1
JAMES D. RAMSAY, KEITH COZINE AND JOHN COMISKEY
2 Risk assessment and the homeland security enterprise 16
BRIAN HARTE
3 The sociology of security 38
TERRENCE O’SULLIVAN
4 Crime and security 58
CHELSEA A. BINNS
5 Terrorism: origins, ideologies and goals 78
KYLE W. MCDONNELL AND KEITH COZINE
6 Interagency collaboration 99
JOHN COMISKEY
7 Emergency management—theories of preparedness,
mitigation, response and recovery 121
IRMAK RENDA-TANALI
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