Table Of ContentPACIFIC LINGUISTICS
SerieCs -No. 71
THE YINDJIBARNDLIA NGUAGE
by
F. J.FW.o rdick
Departmenotf Linguistics
ResearcShc hoolo f PacifiSct udies
THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONALU NIVERSITY
Wordick, F.J.F. the Yindjibarndi language.
C-71, xiv + 403 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1982. DOI:10.15144/PL-C71.cover
©1982 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.
PACIFICL INGUISTICiSs i ssuetdh rougthh eL inguistic
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EDITOR:S .A.W urm
ASSOCIATEE DITORS:D .C.L aycockC,. L.V oorhoevDe.,T .T ryonT, .E.D utton
EDITORIALA DVISERS:
B.W.B ender JohnL ynch
Universiotfy H awaii Universiotfy P apuaN ew Guinea
DavidB radley K.A.M cElhanon
La TrobeU niversity Universiotfy T exas
A. Capell H.P.M cKaughan
Universiotfy S ydney Universiotfy H awaii
S.H.E lbert P. MOhlhliusler
Universiotfy H awaii LinacrCeo llegeO,x ford
K.J.F ranklin G.N.O 'Grady
SummerI nstituotfe L inguistics Universiotfy V ictoriBa.,C .
W.W. Glover A.K.P awley
SummerI nstituotfe L inguistics Universiotfy A uckland
G.W.G race K.L.P ike Universiotfy M ichigan;
Universiotfy H awaii SummerI nstituotfe L inguistics
M.A.K.H alliday E.C.P olom�
Universiotfy S ydney Universiotfy T exas
A. Healey GilliaSna nkoff
SummerI nstituotfe L inguistics Universiotfy P ennsylvania
L.A.H ercus W.A.L.S tokhofN ationaCle nterf or
AustraliNaant ionaUln iversity LanguagDee velopmenJta,k arta;
Nguy�n fHtng Li�m Universiotfy L eiden
Universiotfy H awaii J.W .M.V erhaar
GonzagaU niversiStpyo,k ane
Allc orrespondecnocnec erniPnAgC IFICL INGUISTICiSn,c luding
orderasn ds ubscriptisohnosu,l bde addressetdo :
The Secretary
PACIFICL INGUISTICS
Departmenotf Linguistics
ResearcShc hoolof PacifiSct udies
The AustraliNaant ionaUln iversity
CanberraA,. C.T.2 600
Australia.
®
Copyright The Author
FirsPtu blish1ed9 82
The editorasr ei ndebtetdo theA ustraliNaant ionaUln iversiftoyr a ssistanicne
thep roductioofn t hiss eries.
Thisp ublicatwiaosn made possibblye an initigarla ntf romt heH unterD ouglas
Fund.
NationaLli braroyf AustralCiaar dN umbera ndI SBN0 8588236 58
TABLEO F CONTENTS
page
Prefaec x
PART I:P RACTICAL GRAMMAR
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. TheL anguage 1
1.1.1. BrieDfe scirpiton 1
1.1.2. PreesntS itautino 3
1.1.. 3 Diaelcts 4
1.1.4. Hitsorilc Caontext 5
1.2. Infomrants 7
1.3. FielRde esarch 8
2. SOUNSDY STEM 10
2.1. SegmentaPlh onology 10
2.1.1. Ortohgrapyh 10
2.12.. Consaonnts 11
2.1.2.1T.yp eso fC onsnoanst 11
2.1.2.2. Articluaiton ofC onsaonnts 12
2.1.2.3D.i srtiubtion ofC onsonasn t 13
2.1.2.4C.o nsaonntC lsuters 14
2.13.. Vowels 16
2.1.3.1S.h orVto wles 16
2.1.3.2L.o ngV owles 17
2.1..3 .3VowelC oloruign 18
2.1.3.4D.i struitibono fV owles 19
2.1.53.. VowelC lsuters 19
2.2. PhoonlgoicaPlro cesses 20
2.2.1. Sielnt' 'u 20
2.2.. 2 Silnet 'I' 21
2.2.3. GemianteC onsaonntC lsuterS implificaiton 22
11i
iv
2.2.4. '1 ' Assimiliaont 22
2.2.5. Forittoin 23
2.2.6. 'u'A ssimilaiton 24
2.2.. 7 Fronitngo f 'u' 25
2.2.8. Lowergi onf' u' 26
2.2.9. 'y' Eliison 27
2.20..1 Leintion 27
2.21..1 'WI Eliison 32
2.2.12. PeirpheraNla saPll usS topC luster 33
Dissmiilaiton
2..213. Coalesccee,Ln eevllinagn dR edutciono f 35
Vowels
2.24..1 Sourec of' 00' 37
2..251. ConosnanVta riaiton 38
2.3. Prosoidcs 40
2.3.1. SyllableS trutcure 40
2.3.2. Accent 41
2.3.3. Intonaiton andP untcuatino 42
2.3.4. SpeecSht lye 44
3. WORDM ORPHOLOGY 46
3.1. Parst ofS peech 46
3.1.1. Nouns 46
3.1.1.1.S tme Clsasiifcaiton 46
3.1.1.1.I1n.f leicotanlC lasses 46
3.1.1.1.F2r.ee S tmes v. sBonudS tems 47
3.1.1.. 1.I3nternalS trutcure 47
3.1.1.2.C aes andN umber 51
3.1.1.2.N1u.meb r 51
3.1.1.2.C2a.s e 54
3.1.1.2.T2h.eE1 n.d in,g TsheirD istbrutiiona ndI ntenral 54
Strutcure
3.1.1.2.2F.u2ntc.io ns 60
3.1.1.2.H2i.ea3rr.c hy 70
3.12.. Pronunos 71
3.1.2.1.P erosnala ndD eomnstartiveP ronouns 71
3.1.2.1.O1v.evr iwe 71
3.1.2.1.N2u.meb r 73
3.1.2.1.C3a.s e 73
3..12.1.4R.el aitonsihpt oN ouns 76
3.1.2.2.I netrroagtive,I ndfeiintea ndR elaitveP ronoun7s6
3.1.2.3.R eflexiPvreo noun 78
v
3.13.. Inedclieanbels 78
3.14.. VerbS tems 79
3.1..14. Stme Clsasiifcation 79
3.1..14.1. InlfecitonaCll asses 79
3..14.1.2. FreeS temsv s. Bonud Stems 82
3.1..14.2.1.F reeS tems 82
3.1..14.2.2.B onudS tmes 82
3.1..14.2.2.U1n.p rodtuicev Stmes 82
3.1..1.42.2.2P.r odcutiveS tems 82
3.1..14.2.2.F2ac.t1it.i ev Verabliesrs 83
3.1..14.2.2.I2n.co2ha.it ve Verablisers 86
3.1..14.2.2.C2au.s3ai.tv eV erabliesrs 89
3.1..14.22..2.4. Collteicev/eRciprcoalV erablsiers 90
3.1..14.3. InetrnalS trcutrue 91
3.1..14.13.. SinglMeo rpheme 91
3.1..14.3.2.R eflexeosf P rtoo-NgyaardicM onsoyllabic 92
VerbS tmes
3.1..14.3. .3 Nonu Plsu VerbS tme 93
3.1..143..4. Nonu Plsu SuffiPxl su Verabliser 93
3.1..24. Tenes,A specatn dM ood 97
3.1..24.1. TheE ndingTsh,e irD isrtiubtiona nd 97
InternaSlt rcutrue
3.1..24.2. Funcitons 100
3.2. WordE ndnigs 104
3.2.1. Suffixes 104
3.2.1.1. ContnetfulS uffxies 105
3.2.1.1.1.P rdouctive Suffxies 105
3.2.1.1.2.U nprodtuicev Suffxies 112
3.2.1.2. ConetntlesSsuf fixes 121
3.2.2. Clitics 129
3.2.2.1. OthO rdeCrl itics 129
3.2.2.2. 1stO rdeCrl itics 130
3.2..2 .3 2ndO rdeCrl itics 134
3.2..4.2 3rdO rdeCrl itics 135
3.2.2.5. 4thO rdeCrl itics 136
3.3. Inetrrleaitonships 136
3.3.1. Nomianlsiation 136
3.3.2. Verablsiaiton 138
3.3.3. Indcelinealbistaion 139
3.3.. 4 Soruceso fC ertaiSnuf fixes 140
3.3.5. Soruceso fC ertaiCnl itics 140
vi
4. SYNTAX 141
4.1. Phrases 141
4.1..1 NounP hrass e 141
4.1.1.1.S trutcurea ndF unciton 141
4.1.1.1.S1t.ru crteu 141
4.1.1.1.2F.un tcino 142
4.1.1.2.I naliaeblneP ossession 143
4..11.3.A ppsoitino 147
4.1.1.. 4 Spatiaanld T emporPahlr ass e 148
4.1..14.1.S paitalP hrass e 148
4.1.1..24.T emporPahlr ases 148
4..12. VerbP hrass e 150
4.1.2.1.S trutcure 150
4.1.2.2.C aseS eleicotn 153
4.1.3 . Neagtion 156
4.1..4 WordO rder 158
4.2. Sentences 160
4.2.1. MinimaSle netnecs 160
4.2.2. SimplSee tnences 162
4.2.2.1.D elcaraitveS entecnes 162
4.2.2.2.I nterrogaitveS enetnces 163
4.2.2.. 3 ImperiavteS enteensc 166
4.2.3. Pasisviastion 170
4.2..4 Conjionign 175
4.2..41. Nouns 175
4.2..42. Verbs 176
4.2..421.. WithS ameS ubejcts 176
4.2..42.2W.i thD ifferenStu bejcts 178
4.2..42.3W.it hD ifferenCotn stiutenst inC ommon 179
4.2..43. Temporaanld S paitalC lauses 182
4.2..44. RelaitveC lauses 183
4.2..45. Reasoann dC ondiitonC lauess 184
4.2.5. Disjunciton 185
4.2.6. Comapratiev andS uprelaitve 187
4.2.7. Embdeding 188
4.2.8. WordO rder 192
4.2.9. Relatiobnetsw eeSne ntenecs 194
vii
PART I:I GRADETDE TXS
Intruocditon 199
NON-SCAREDT EXTS
Elementya rTexts:
TextI . TheS oreE ye 201
Text2 . Longsong 201
Text3 . TheD warBfe adredD ragon 202
Text4 . Itcyh 202
Text5 . Kangoaroebrreis 202
Text6 . SomtehingH as BeenS toln e 203
Text7 . TheH oleyB oomreang 203
Text8 . MyT woH ats 203
Text9 . Smokinag P ipe 204
Text1 0. Singing 204
TextI I. TheN aitve Porcupine 205
Text1 2. A SavagSeo rto fD og 205
Text1 3.W ordts oa DeadP erson 205
Text1 4.H eaitngW aetr 206
Text1 5. The StupiOdn e 206
Text1 6. LyinHgi dden 207
Text1 7. How tBoo ila Euro 207
Text1 8.P lantian Tgr ee 207
Text1 9. SititngD own aSntadn dinUgp 208
Text2 0. Learnianbgo utG od 208
Text2 I.T heR ainmake'rsS on 209
Text2 2. TheS oldiers 209
Text2 3.T heM irage 209
Text2 4. Bathing 210
Text2 5. Geta Doctor 210
Text2 6. Danicng byO neself 211
Text2 7.D iffreentS orst ofB ranhces 211
Text2 8. A Quido fW ildT obacco 212
Text2 9. GetitngW ild 212
Text3 0. Dawn 213
Text3 I.C ominTgh rough 213
Text3 2. TheF rgo 214
Text3 3.T he Bee 214
Text3 4. TheS cout 215
Tetx 35. Inahlign Smoke 215
Text3 6. Too cMhuN oise 216
viii
Text3 7. Arounda ndA ronudt heT ree 216
Text3 8. TheH orse 217
Text3 9. Goign ttoh eS troe forF ood 217
Text4 0. TheD ingo 218
Text4 1. Howt oP reparDea mper 218
Text4 2. HardW ork 219
IntemrediateT exts:
Text4 3. BAa dP lace 220
Text4 4. MyO ledrB rtoher 220
Text4 5. Broke 221
Text4 6. CA old hNti g 221
Text4 7. The Drnuk 222
Text4 8. TheC heifo ft heW arroirs 223
Text4 9. Medciien 223
Text5 0. Signinga ndP laiyngt heN ativFei ddle 224
Text5 1. TheF lta Tyre 225
Text5 2. Livnigi nt heB usha Long LoTnigm eA go 226
Text5 3. TheF emalBeu ngarra 226
Text 5H4o.w t oO peraet theR ainT halua tC ooay Poyoa 227
Text5 5. Mead 228
Text5 6. LeaglT alk 229
Text5 7. Huntinwgi tha Dog 231
Advandc eTexts:
Text5 8. Distnat Smoke 233
Text5 9. RockE ngravings 233
Text6 0. TheF ox andt heC at 234
Text6 1. AtT opS peed 235
Text6 2. The SacreDda nicng Circle 237
Text6 3.D igginag Well 238
Text6 4.T heH oilday 239
Text6 5.B rkoenW indows 241
Text6 6. TheC ororboree 242
Text6 7.T heE aglheawk 243
Text6 8. HuntingP orcpuines 245
Text6 9. God'sW ord 247
SACREDT ETXS
Text7 0.W hyP eoplDei e 250
Text7 1. TheG reaFtl ood 251
Text7 2.H owt heP ythoLnos tI ts Teeth 253
ix
Text7 3.T heC rowa ndt heE aglheawk 255
Text7 4. HowF ier WaSst oln e 257
Text7 5. TheI niitandasn dt he SeaS erepnt 261
Text7 6. TheD eiyt andt heD evil 268
Text7 7. Minkalaan dt heL eft-HnadedB oomerang 277
PART II:I ANLAYTICALD ITCIONARY
Introcdtuion 283
Dictniaory 286
AppendAi:x Keyt oA bbrveiations 380
AppendBi:x Keyt oI nternleiarS ymbols 383
Bilbiorgaphy 387
Map 6
PRFEACE
Thisp roejctw.h icbhe gainn A pril1 975t.o ko aboufti vea nda half
yearst oc opmltee. I wihs toe xprsesm y sincee grraittduet ot he
AustarlianI nsttiuteo fA borgiinaSlt uides.a SttauotryA utohritoyf
theC ommonwealtGho vemrennto fA ustralifao.r havpirnogv idmeods to f
thef unidnga nda llo ft he rueiqrefda ciliites"I. a lsot aket his
opporntiutyt oa ckonwldegea granfto rs ix monthss alrayf romt he
DepartmeonftA borignialA fafirsC.o mmownealtGho evrnmenotf A ustriaal.
Theg ranwta sr eqeustde bya nda warded thrIoeruagmhu gaGdru ouIpn c.
RoebourneW.e strenA ustriaa.l Finally. Iw isht ot hantkh eM insiter
forA borignialA fafirsS.e natotrh eH onourabFl.e MC.h an.e yfor an
extaroridnargyr an.t whicehn abeldm et ob ringt hisp roejctt oa
satiasctforyc oncluison.a ndP eteDro widng.M embeorf t heL egiastlive
Conucilf ort heP iblara.G oevrmnento fW esetrnA ustralfioar.s upptor
ingt heg ranrte ques.t
I alsowa ntt ot hantkh eA utsralian InstituotfAe b oirginaSltu deis
fort hes upporitt h asg ivemne int hec ourseo fc arryinogut the
proejcta ndi n wriintgu pt her esutls. I wihs tot hnak the
Adminsitratioensp.e icallDyr P .J.U ckoP.r inicpalo ft heI nstuitte.
and MWra riwckD ix.D eptuyP rinicpalo ft heI nstituftoer.o rgnaiizng
anda dmniistartingt hep rjoec.t Int hisr egarId m ust almseon iton
pasta ndp reesntc hiarmeonf t heI nstit'ustLe inguisticAsdv isory
CommitteeP.r oefssorR .M..W DixonD.r B arrJy .B lakea ndP rofsesor
BrucReig syb.a sw ella si tsm embe.r sI wouladl os liket ot hnak the
FinancDee partmefnotre nusrintgh atI didn otg oh ungryA.u diVoi-sual
forp roviindga pporpriea teqiupmenatn dt heL irbarya ndA rcihvse for
roundiunpg r equirreedef renec materilas. TheL ignuisticRses earch
Stfafr equirae ss peicalv oteo ft hankfso rs uppliynga dvciei n
conncetionw itha nalyzintgh el anguag.e HereI nameD rP etre J.S uttno.
formeLrin gusiticRses erachO fficeDrr.M ichealW alsh.p rseent
x
