The Worlds of Medieval Europe

8.54 MB·English

by  Clifford R. Backman

Cover Page Page: Cover
About the Cover Page: i
Title page Page: v
Copyright page Page: vi
Dedication Page: vi
List of Maps Page: xv
Preface to the Fourth Edition Page: xvii
Reviewers of the Fourth Edition Page: xviii
New to the Fourth Edition Page: xviii
Introduction Why The Middle Ages Matter Page: xix
Part I The Early Middle Ages Page: 1
Chapter 1 The Roman World at Its Height Page: 3
The Geography of Empire Page: 4
The Role of the Military Page: 7
Roman Society Page: 9
Roman Government Page: 15
The Challenges of the Third Century Page: 19
Reform, Recovery, Persecution, and Favor Page: 22
Suggested Readings Page: 26
Texts Page: 26
Source Anthologies Page: 26
Studies Page: 27
List of Key Terms Page: 27
Chapter 2 The Rise of Christianity Page: 28
Before Christ Page: 30
The Growth of the New Religion Page: 33
The Problem of Persecution Page: 40
The Problem of Heresy Page: 43
Constantine and Theodosius: An Imperial Church Page: 45
Responses to Imperialization Page: 50
Saint Ambrose of Milan Page: 52
Saint Jerome Page: 54
Saint Augustine of Hippo Page: 56
Suggested Readings Page: 60
Texts Page: 60
Source Anthologies Page: 60
Studies Page: 60
List of Key Terms Page: 61
Chapter 3 Early Germanic Society Page: 62
Germanic Life Page: 63
Migrations and Invasions Page: 70
Europe’s First Kingdoms Page: 76
The Ostrogoths Page: 76
The Franks Page: 79
The Visigoths Page: 83
Germanic Christianity and the Fourth “Doctor of the Church” Page: 85
Suggested Readings Page: 90
Texts Page: 90
Source Anthologies Page: 90
Studies Page: 90
List of Key Terms Page: 91
Chapter 4 Cloister and Culture Page: 92
The Rise of Monasticism in the East Page: 93
The Rise of Monasticism in the West Page: 98
Cultural Life in the West: Cassiodorus, Boethius, and St. Benedict Page: 106
Suggested Readings Page: 114
Texts Page: 114
Source Anthologies Page: 115
Studies Page: 115
List of Key Terms Page: 115
Chapter 5 The Emergence of the Medieval Worlds Page: 116
Continuity and Change in Northern Europe Page: 117
Continuity and Change in the Mediterranean Page: 126
The Rise of Islam Page: 137
A Tripartite World Page: 144
Suggested Readings Page: 146
Texts Page: 146
Source Anthologies Page: 147
Studies Page: 147
List of Key Terms Page: 148
Chapter 6 The Carolingian Era Page: 149
The “Do-Nothing Kings” and the Rise of the Carolingians Page: 150
The Carolingian Monarchy Page: 154
Carolingian Administration Page: 162
Carolingian Society Page: 169
The Carolingian Cultural Renewal Page: 175
Suggested Readings Page: 181
Texts Page: 181
Source Anthologies Page: 181
Studies Page: 182
List of Key Terms Page: 182
Part II The Central Middle Ages Page: 183
Chapter 7 The Time of Troubles Page: 185
Trouble from Within Page: 186
Trouble from the North Page: 191
Trouble from the East Page: 198
Trouble from the South Page: 203
The End of the World? Page: 211
Suggested Readings Page: 217
Texts Page: 217
Source Anthologies Page: 217
Studies Page: 217
List of Key Terms Page: 218
Chapter 8 Revolutions on Land and Sea Page: 219
Changes on the Land Page: 220
A Peasant Society Emerges Page: 226
Changes on the Sea Page: 234
A Maritime Society Emerges Page: 238
Suggested Readings Page: 244
Texts Page: 244
Source Anthologies Page: 244
Studies Page: 244
List of Key Terms Page: 245
Chapter 9 A New Europe Emerges Page: 246
The Rise of Feudal Society Page: 247
The First German Empire Page: 253
The Rise of Capetian France Page: 261
The Anglo-Norman Realm Page: 264
The Spanish Kingdoms Page: 276
The Italian Scene Page: 284
Suggested Readings Page: 289
Texts Page: 289
Source Anthologies Page: 289
Studies Page: 289
List of Key Terms Page: 290
Chapter 10 The Reform of the Church Page: 291
The Origins of the Reform Page: 293
The Papal Revolution Page: 300
Christendom and the East Page: 304
Monastic Reforms Page: 317
Suggested Readings Page: 322
Texts Page: 322
Source Anthologies Page: 322
Studies Page: 322
List of Key Terms Page: 323
Chapter 11 The Renaissances of the Twelfth Century Page: 324
Aristotle, Anselm, Abelard, and Ibn Rushd Page: 325
Law and Canon Law Page: 333
The Recovery of Science Page: 337
The Rise of the Universities Page: 345
Courtly Life, Love, and Literature Page: 352
Suggested Readings Page: 362
Texts Page: 362
Source Anthologies Page: 362
Studies Page: 362
List of Key Terms Page: 363
Chapter 12 The Papal Monarchy Page: 364
Church Against State Once More Page: 365
The Consolidation of Papal Authority Page: 371
The Revival of Heresy Page: 379
The Albigensian Crusade and the Origins of the Inquisition Page: 386
Suggested Readings Page: 391
Texts Page: 391
Source Anthologies Page: 391
Studies Page: 391
List of Key Terms Page: 392
Part III The Late Middle Ages Page: 393
Chapter 13 Politics in the Thirteenth Century Page: 395
The Rise of Representative Institutions Page: 397
England and France Page: 399
Germany, Italy, and the Papacy Page: 409
The New Mediterranean Superpowers Page: 414
Eastern Europe Page: 418
Byzantium and Islam in the Thirteenth Century Page: 422
Suggested Readings Page: 429
Texts Page: 429
Source Anthologies Page: 429
Studies Page: 429
List of Key Terms Page: 430
Chapter 14 Art and Intellect in the Thirteenth Century Page: 431
Scholasticism Page: 432
From Romanesque to Gothic Vision Page: 438
Science and Technology Page: 444
Aspects of Popular Culture Page: 452
Suggested Readings Page: 457
Texts Page: 457
Source Anthologies Page: 457
Studies Page: 458
List of Key Terms Page: 458
Chapter 15 Daily Life at the Medieval Zenith Page: 459
Economic Changes Page: 461
Peasants’ Lives Page: 467
Townsfolks’ Lives Page: 472
The Question of Literacy Page: 484
Sex and the City (and the Town, and the Village) Page: 486
Suggested Readings Page: 494
Texts Page: 494
Source Anthologies Page: 494
Studies Page: 494
List of Key Terms Page: 495
Chapter 16 Changes in Religious Life Page: 496
The Importance of Being Penitent Page: 498
The Importance of Being Poor Page: 501
The Humanization of Christ and the Cult of the Virgin Page: 507
Mysticism Page: 512
The Spiritual World of Orthodoxy Page: 519
Suggested Readings Page: 522
Texts Page: 522
Source Anthologies Page: 522
Studies Page: 522
List of Key Terms Page: 523
Chapter 17 The Crises of the Fourteenth Century Page: 524
Economic Difficulties Page: 525
The Great Famine Page: 530
The Black Death Page: 531
War Everywhere Page: 543
Challenges to Church Unity Page: 552
Suggested Readings Page: 561
Texts Page: 561
Source Anthologies Page: 561
Studies Page: 561
List of Key Terms Page: 562
Chapter 18 Signs of a New Era Page: 563
William of Ockham Page: 564
Marsilius of Padua Page: 567
Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer Page: 570
Christine de Pizan Page: 579
Suggested Readings Page: 581
Texts Page: 581
Source Anthologies Page: 582
Studies Page: 582
List of Key Terms Page: 583
Part IV Two Epilogues Page: 584
Chapter 19 Closings In, Closings Out Page: 587
The Last Years of Byzantium Page: 590
The Search for a New Route to the East Page: 594
Closing in on Muslim Spain Page: 599
The Expulsions of the Jews Page: 601
Closing in Forever: The Forced Cloistering of Female Religious Page: 603
Suggested Readings Page: 605
Texts Page: 605
Source Anthologies Page: 605
Studies Page: 606
List of Key Terms Page: 606
Chapter 20 The Renaissance in Medieval Context Page: 607
Economies New and Old Circa 1400 Page: 609
The Meaning of Humanism Page: 612
The Canonization of Classical Culture Page: 615
The Rejection of the Middle Ages Page: 619
Suggested Readings Page: 621
Texts Page: 621
Source Anthologies Page: 621
Studies Page: 621
List of Key Terms Page: 622
Appendix A The Medieval Popes Page: 623
Appendix B The Carolingians Page: 632
Appendix C The Capetians Page: 633
Appendix D France: The Valois Page: 634
Appendix E England: The Norman and Plantagenet Dynasties Page: 635
Appendix F England: The Lancastrian and Yorkist Dynasties Page: 636
Appendix G Germany: The Ottonian, Salian, and Hohenstaufen Dynasties Page: 637
Appendix H Germany: The Late Medieval Emperors Page: 638
Appendix I The Spanish Kingdoms, 1000–1250 Page: 639
Appendix J The Spanish Kingdoms, 1250–1500 Page: 640
Appendix K The Emperors In Constantinople Page: 641
Glossary Page: 644
Index Page: 653
List of Illustrations Page: 664
List of Tables Page: 664