Table Of Content%WORLD
E
Ne Y C L 0 P E DIA
OF
CONTEMPORARY
THEATRE
EUROPE
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
!7le
WORLD
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
CONTEMPORARY
THEATRE
EUROPE
EDITED BY
,
DON RUBIN, PETER NAGY
AND PHILIPPE ROUYER
London and New Y ork
Firstpublishedin1994
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
byRoutledge
270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016
asTheWorldEncyclopediaofContemporaryTheatre,
volume1;Europe
Reprinted1988,1999,2000
Firstpublishedinpaperback2001byRoutledge
Reprinted2008
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,anInformabusiness
©1994,2001TheWorldEncyclopediaofContemporaryTheatreCorporation
1
Typesetin9/10 ⁄2ptSabonandOptimabyMCSLtd,Wiltshire
PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyBiddlesLtd,King’sLynn,Norfolk
Printedonacid-freepaper
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedin
anyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafter
invented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrieval
system,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.
ThisencyclopediaisaprojectimplementedwiththesupportofUNESCOandattherequest
offournon-governmentalorganizations.Theopinionsexpressedinthevariousarticlesare
thoseoftheauthorsthemselvesanddonotnecessarilyreflectthepointofviewofthe
sponsoringorganizations.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Acataloguerecordforthisbookisavailableonrequest.
ISBN978-0-415-05928-2(hbk)
ISBN978-0-415-25157-0(pbk)
I NTERNATI ONAl ED ITORIAl BOARD
EUROPE (Vol. 1) THE ARAB WORLD (Vol. 4)
Regional Editors Regional Editors
Peter Nagy Ghassan Maleh (Planning)
Academy of Science, Budapest Academy of Dramatic Arts, Damascus
Philippe Rouyer Samir Sarhan (Realization)
Director, Theatre Research Centre, Director, Egyptian Book Organization,
University of Bordeaux 111 Cairo
Regional Associate Regional Coordinator
Melitina Kotovskaia (dec.) Ahmed Zaki
National Institute for Arts Research, International Theatre Institute, Cairo
Moscow
ASIA/OCEANIA (Vol. 5)
THE AMERICAS (Vol. 2)
Regional Editor
Regional Editor James R. Brandon
Carlos Sol6rzano University of Hawaii
National Autonomous University of
Mexico Regional Associates
Chua Soo Pong (Southeast Asia)
Regional Associates SEAMEO Regional Centre for
Arthur Holmberg Archaeology and Fine Arts, Bangkok
Brandeis University, Boston Ramendu Majumdar (Central Asia)
Erminio Neglia International Theatre Institute, Dhaka
University of Toronto Yoh Suk-Kee (East Asia)
University of Korea, Seoul
Katherine Brisbane (Oceania)
AFRICA (Vol. 3) Publisher, Currency Press, Sydney
Regional Editors
Ousmane Diakhate (Francophone)
Cheikh Anta Diop University,
Dakar
Hansel Ndumbe Eyoh (Anglophone)
University of Buea, Cameroon
SPECIALTY EDITORS CONSULTING EDITORS
Irving Brown (Bibliography)
Theatre Research Data Center, Patricia Keeney
City University of New York York University, Toronto
Selma Jeanne Cohen (Dance Theatre) Manfred Linke
Editor, International Encyc/opedia of Free University of Berlin
Dance, New York
Henryk Jurkowski (Puppet Theatre)
Former President, UNIMA, Warsaw PHOTO EDITOR
Horst Seeger (Music Theatre) Anton Wagner
Former Director,
Dresden State Opera
Wolfgang Wöhlert (Theatre for Young EDITORIAL ASSIST ANT
Audiences) Mayte G6mez
Carousel Theatre, Berlin
The World Encyclopedia of Georgian Ministry of Culture
Contemporary Theatre would like to Greek Ministry of Culture
acknowledge with sincere thanks the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
financial contributions of the following: International Theatre Institute (Paris)
and National Centres in Bangladesh,
Belgium (Flemish Community), Belgium
REGIONAL SPONSORS (French Community), Bulgaria, Canada,
Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary,.
Canadian Department of
India, Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Communications
Siovak Republic, United States,
Ford Foundation
Switzerland and Venezuela
Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and
Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Culture
Division of Cultural and Scientific
RockefeIler Foundation
Relations
Routledge, Chapman and Hall
Japan Foundation Cultural Centre,
Social Sciences and Humanities
Bangkok .
Research Council of Canada
Henry White Kinnear Foundatlon
UNESCO
Ministry of the Flemish Community
York University
(Cultural Affairs)
Moldovan Theatre Union
Organization of American States
NATIONAL SPONSORS
Polish Ministry of Culture
Republic of Macedonia Ministry of
Autonomous National University of
Culture
Mexico
K.M. Sarkissian and the Zoryan Institute
Cameroon National UNESCO
Conn Smythe Foundation
Commission
Turkish Embassy in Canada
Canadian National UNESCO
Commission
Cultural Ministry of France
lOCAl SPONSORS
German Centre of the ITI
Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts,
Arts Development and Promotions
Damascus
Australia Council
Mexican National UNESCO
Mariellen Black
Commission
Lyle B. Blair
Joseph S. Stauffer Foundation
Canadian Theatre Review
University of Bordeaux
Centre de Recherches et de Formation
University of Dakar
Theätrales en Wallonie
Herman Voaden
Joy Cohnstaedt
Woodlawn Arts Foundation
Freda's Originals
John H. Moore, FCA
Erminio G. Neglia
STATE SPONSORS
Farouk Ohan
Ontario Ministry of Skills Development
Apotex Foundation .
Peter Perina
Austrian Ministry of Educatlon and the
E. Marshall Pollock
Arts
Rodolfo A. Ramos
Samuel and Saidye Bronfman Family
Calvin G. Rand
Foundation
Lynton Reed Printing
Floyd S. Chalmers ..
Don Rubin
Faculty of Fine Arts, York Unlverslty
St Lawrence Centre for the Arts
Finnish Ministry of Education
Storewal I nternational I nc.
FIRT
Anton Wagner
Special thanks to: Myles Kesten (Canada), Valery Khasanov (Russia),
William Kilbourn (Canada), Pierre Laville (France),
Margrethe Aaby (Norwayl. Eric Alexander George Lengyel (Hungary), Henri Lopes
(Netherlands), Ebrahim Alkhazi (India), Ina Andre (UNESCO), Paul Lovejoy (Canada), Margaret
(Canada), Gaida Barisone (Latvia), Curtis Barlow Majewska (Poland), Lars af Malmborg (Sweden),
(Canada), Alison Barr (United Kingdom), Isabelle Georges Manal (France), Suzanne Marko
Barth (France), Alexei Bartoshevitch (Russia), (Sweden), Bonnie Marranca (New York), Ruth R.
Shaul Baskind (Israel), jean Benedetti (United Mayleas (United States), Giles R. Meikle (Canada),
Kingdom), Eric Bentley (United States), Mariellen Paul-Louis Mignon (France), lan Montagnes
Black (Canada), Lyle B. Blair (Canada), Gaston (Canada), Mavor Moore (Canada), Richard
Blais (Canada), Monica Brizzi (Italy), Robert Mortimer (Canada), judi Most (United States),
Brustein (United States), john Bury (United julia Moulden (Canada), Irmeli Niemi (Finland),
Kingdom), judith Cameron (Canada), Richard Farouk Ohan (United Arab Emirates), Louis
Cave (United Kingdom), Katarina Öric-Petrovic Patenaude (Canada), Oskar Pausch (Austria),
(Serbia), joy Cohnstaedt (Canada), Martha Andre-Louis Perinetti (International Theatre
Coigney (United States), Communications Institute), Donald S. Rickerd (Canada),
Committee (International Theatre Institute), Roehampton Hotel (Canada), Mr and Mrs Irving
Leonard W. Conolly (Canada), Robert Crew Rubin (United States), Marti Russell (Canada),
(Canada), Renee L. Czukar (Canada), Gautam Raimonda Sadauskiene (Lithuania), Suzanne Sato
Dasgupta (United States), Susan Frances Dobie (United States), Willmar Sauter (Sweden), Richard
(Canada), Francis Ebejer (Malta), Krista Ellis Schechner (United States), Petar Selem (Croatia),
(Canada), john Eisom (United Kingdom), Claes Mafgorzata Semil (Po land), Mary Ann Shaw
Englund (Sweden), Debebe Eshetu (Ethiopia), (Canada), Neville Shulman (United Kingdom),
Martin Esslin (United Kingdom), Alan Filewod Mikhail Shvidkoi (Russia), David Silcox (Canada),
(Canada), Stephen Florian (Malta), Mira Phillip Silver (Canada), Singer Travel (United
Friedlander (Canada), julia Gabor (Hungary), Bibi States), Ron Singer (Canada), Mike Smith
Gessner (Switzerland), Madeleine Gobeil (Canada), Prince Subhadradis Diskul (Thailand),
(UNESCO), Sevelina Gyorova (Bulgaria), Rene Anneli Suur-Kujala (Finland), Peter Szaffk6
Hainaux (Belgium), Bartold Halle (Norway), Peter (Hungary), Carlos Tindemans (Belgium),
Hay (United States), lan Herbert (United Indrassen Vencatchellum (UNESCO), janusz
Kingdom), Nick Herne (United Kingdom), Frank Warminski (Poland), Klaus Wever (Germany), Don
Hoff (Canada), Eleanor Hubbard (Canada), Huang B. Willmeth (American Society for Theatre
Huilin (China), Djuner Ismail (Macedonia), Research), Claudia Woolgar (United Kingdom),
Stephen johnson, (Canada), Sylvia Karsh (Canada), Piet Zeeman (Netherlands), Paul Zeleza (Canada).
Na·im Kattan (Canada), Ferenc Kerenyi (Hungary),
DEDICATION
This series is dedicated to the memory of Roman Szydtowski of Poland
(1918-83), a former President of the International Association of Theatre
Critics. His vision for all international theatre organizations was truly world
wide and his tenacity in the service of that vision was genuinely legendary. It
was Dr Szydtowski who first proposed the idea for a World Encyclopedia of
Contemporary Theatre.
