Table Of ContentPraise for the First Edition B The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of
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“This volume is a major achievement of extensive and durable value. all students of anglo-Saxon & a l
england, at whatever level, will wish to have it at hand.” English Historical Review Scr ir, K apid Edite Anglo-Saxon
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“This is a great addition to the works of reference available to students of anglo-Saxon england at g ne e, y
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Notes and Queries
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Second Edition
an essential reference work for this period of english history, The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of l i
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Anglo-Saxon England is now available in a new edition. it brings together more than 700 articles o e
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written by 150 leading scholars on the people, places, activities, and creations of the anglo-Saxons. -
it is the only reference work to cover the history, archaeology, arts, architecture, literatures, and S B
John Blair, SiMon KeyneS & donald Scragg
languages of england from the roman withdrawal to the norman conquest (c.450 - 1066). l
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of the english from 450 to 1066, and a comprehensive classified index of headwords. With an l
accessible layout and authoritative content, this is indispensable reading, both for specialists in this E
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Michael lapidge is emeritus elrington and Bosworth professor of anglo-Saxon at the
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SiMon KeyneS is elrington and Bosworth professor of anglo-Saxon at the University of
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cambridge, and a Fellow of Trinity college, cambridge.
donald Scragg is emeritus professor of anglo-Saxon Studies at the University of Manchester.
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hb_9780470656327.indd 1 21/8/13 12:57:19
The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia
of Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter No.: 1 Title Name: <TITLENAME>
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The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia
of Anglo-Saxon England
Second Edition
Edited by
Michael Lapidge, John Blair,
Simon Keynes, and Donald Scragg
Chapter No.: 1 Title Name: <TITLENAME>
Comp. by: <USER> Date: 03 Sep 2013 Time: 09:25:21 AM Stage: <STAGE> Page Number: iii
This second edition first published 2014
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Edition History: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (1e hardback 1999, 1e paperback 2001)
Registered Office
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Blackwell encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England / edited by Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes,
and Donald Scragg. – Second edition.
pages cm
Revised edition of: The Blackwell encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7 (cloth)
1. Great Britain–History–Anglo-Saxon period, 449–1066–Encyclopedias. 2. England–Civilization–To
1066–Encyclopedias. I. Lapidge, Michael. II. Title.
DA152.B58 2014
942.01–dc23
2013015800
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover image: Gold mount resembling a stylized sea-creature, from the Staffordshire Hoard.
Photo © Birmingham Museums Trust.
Cover design by Nicki Averill Design.
Set in 9/10.5pt Minion by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
1 2014
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Contents
List of Illustrations vi
List of Contributors viii
Preface to the Second Edition xi
Preface to the First Edition xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRIES 1
Appendix I: Rulers of the English, c.450–1066 521
Appendix II: Archbishops and Bishops, 597–1066 539
Note on Maps 9–12 567
Index of Contributors 573
Classified Index of Head-Words 579
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List of Illustrations
Plates
1 Aerial photograph of crop marks 11 Earls Barton tower. Photograph by
showing cemetery. Copyright reserved, Simon Keynes 159
Cambridge University Collection of 12 The Gosforth Cross. © Department
Aerial Photography 13 of Archaeology, University of Durham 219
2 The Alfred Jewel. AN1836p.135.371, 13 A hogback at Ingleby Arncliffe (Yorks.).
Ashmolean Museum, University © Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone
of Oxford 31 Sculpture. Photograph by
3 The Coppergate Helmet, York. T. Middlemass 245
Photograph © York Castle Museum 48 14 King Cnut and Queen Ælfgifu from the
4 Bradford-on-Avon church. © Crown New Minster Liber vitae. British Library,
Copyright. English Heritage 77 Stowe 944 fol. 6r. © The British
5 A carpet page from the Lindisfarne Library Board 297
Gospels, London, British Library, 15 The Repton crypt. Photograph by
Cotton Nero D.IV, fol. 94v. Dr John Crook 403
© The British Library Board 88 16 The Ruthwell Cross. © Corpus
6 A charter of Æthelwulf, King of Wessex of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture;
and Kent, 843. London, British Library, photograph by T. Middlemass 415
Stowe Charter 17. © The British 17 The seal of Godwine (matrix and
Library Board 100 impression), walrus ivory, eleventh
7 A writ of Edward the Confessor for century. © The Trustees of
the monastery of St Denis (1053 × 1057). the British Museum 427
Cartons des rois, AE III 60 (K 19, no. 6). 101 18 The Winchester purse reliquary.
8 Anglo-Saxon coins from the Fitzwilliam Winchester Museums Service 435
collection. © The Fitzwilliam Museum, 19 The Kirkdale sundial and inscription.
Cambridge 117 © Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone
9 Images of kingship on Anglo-Saxon Sculpture. Photograph by
coins from the Fitzwilliam collection. T. Middlemass 445
© The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge 119 20 Aerial view of Sutton Hoo. Photograph
10 ‘An Anglo-Saxon king dispenses by Nigel MacBeth 448
justice’. London, British Library, 21 Wall painting in the church of Nether
Cotton Claudius B.IV, fol. 59r. Wallop. © Crown Copyright.
© The British Library Board 131 English Heritage 484
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List of Illustrations vii
22 Winchester School decoration: the 24 Hatfield Forest, wood-pasture,
New Minster Charter. London, British showing pollard trees cut for the
Library, Cotton Vespasian A.VIII, fol. 2v. first time. Photograph by
© The British Library Board 503 Dr Oliver Rackham 508
23 The church at Wing. Photograph
© P. S. Spokes; source: English Heritage 504
Maps
1 Anglo-Saxon mills 319 7 Sutton Hoo in its European context 450
2 Offa’s Dyke 349 8 The Tribal Hidage 474
3 The main Scandinavian settlement- 9 The ‘Heptarchy’ (c.700) 569
names in southern Britain 377 10 The Mercian Supremacy (c.800) 570
4 Princely burials 385 11 The Kingdom of the
5 Barrows and barrow cemeteries 386 Anglo-Saxons (c.900) 571
6 Anglo-Saxon high-status sites 411 12 The Kingdom of the English (c.1000) 572
Figures
1 Brixworth: Anglo-Saxon phase (broken 11 Monastic sites and enclosures 327
line) in relation to the present church. 12 The spatial development
By permission of Oxford University of Anglo-Saxon Mucking.
Press 78 © English Heritage 333
2 Cheddar: palace and minster (plan). 13 Seventh- to ninth-century church
© Philip Rahtz 104 groups 364
3 Cheddar: the Anglo-Saxon palaces. 14 The development of Anglo-Saxon
© Philip Rahtz 105 Repton 402
4 The clothing of early Anglo-Saxon 15 The ecclesiastical re-use of Roman
women (reconstruction). © Gale R. remains 409
Owen-Crocker 110 16 The Anglo-Saxon cemetery at
5 Deerhurst St Mary as it may have Sutton Hoo: burials known up
been in the ninth century. © Rahtz to 1992 451
and Watts 142 17 Reconstruction of the burial deposit
6 Anglo-Saxon embroidery (drawn from in Sutton Hoo Mound 1 452
the Cuthbert stole and maniple). 18 Late Anglo-Saxon tiles from
© Elizabeth Coatsworth 172 Winchester 465
7 An Anglo-Saxon fishweir at Colwick, 19 Planned towns, eighth to late ninth
Notts. © C. R. Salisbury 190 centuries 470
8 The Fuller Brooch, housed at 20 The Old Minster, Winchester
The British Museum 202 (re-construction). © Winchester
9 A selection of Anglo-Saxon Excavations Committee 487
jewellery types 264 21 Yeavering (Northumbria): the late
10 Anglo-Saxon watermill at Tamworth sixth- and seventh-century ritual
(reconstruction). © Philip Rahtz 321 and assembly site and royal residence 518
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List of Contributors
Richard Abels, United States Naval Academy, Laurence Cameron, University of Halifax
Annapolis, Maryland
James P. Carley, York University, Toronto
Grenville Astill, University of Reading
Martin Carver, University of York
Mark Atherton, Regents Park College, Oxford
Mary Clayton, University College, Dublin
Richard N. Bailey, University of Newcastle
Simon Esmonde Cleary, University of Birmingham
Peter S. Baker, University of Virginia
Elizabeth Coatsworth, Manchester Metropolitan
Debby Banham, Newnham College, Cambridge
University
Julia Barrow, University of Leeds
Julie Coleman, University of Leicester
Martha Bayless, University of Oregon
(†)H. E. J. Cowdrey, St Edmund Hall, Oxford
Alex Bayliss, University College, London
Barrie Cox, University of Nottingham
Paul Bibire, Crail, Scotland
Rosemary Cramp, University of Durham
Martin Biddle, Hertford College, Oxford
Sally Crawford, University of Birmingham
Carole Biggam, University of Glasgow
John Crook, Winchester
(†)M. A. S. Blackburn, The Fitzwilliam Museum,
Cambridge C. R. E. Cubitt, University of York
John Blair, The Queen’s College, Oxford Maria Amalia D’Aronco, University of Udine
C. J. Bond, Walton-in-Gordano (Somerset) R. J. Darrah, Hodnet (Shropshire)
Martin Brett, Robinson College, Cambridge Tania M. Dickinson, University of York
Mark Brisbane, University of Bournemouth Robert DiNapoli, University of the Third Age,
Nicholas Brooks, University of Birmingham Melbourne
Kevin Brown, English Heritage, Bristol Nicole Guenther Discenza, University of South
Florida
Michelle P. Brown, Institute of English Studies,
University of London Daniel Donoghue, Harvard University
Esther Cameron, Institute of Archaeology, Oxford Fiona Edmonds, Clare College, Cambridge
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