The White Mantle of Churches

308 Pages·2003·9.12 MB·English

by  Nigel Hiscock

INTERNATIONAL MEDIEVAL RESEARCH 10: ART HISTORY SUBSERIES 2
T W M
he hite antle
C
of hurches
ARCHITECTURE, LITURGY, A N D ART A R O U N D THE MILLENNIUM
EDITED BY NIGEL HISCOCK
BREPOLS
International Medieval Research
Selected Proceedings of the
International Medieval Congress
University of Leeds
This series draws on selections of papers from tightly-knit themes or sessions at one
or more of the annual International Medieval Congresses, or from the special strand
that is a feature of each IMC. The IMC at the University of Leeds in July 2000 took
the Millennium as its special annual theme. This volume draws on a selection of
papers from a series of sessions within this special thematic strand, and is supple­
mented by commissioned papers, and these papers are all fully peer-reviewed.
The White Mantle of Churches
Architecture, Liturgy, and Art Around the Millennium
When a monk living at the beginning of the last millennium described Europe
cladding itself everywhere in a white mantle of churches’, he precipitated several
questions for historians to answer. Was there a surge in church-building at the time?
If so, what were the causes of this, and what were the purposes? Does it help to
explain our understanding of Romanesque architecture and art? Was there a connec­
tion between the white mantle of churches’ and the millennium? Did people believe
the world was coming to an end?
The supposition of apocalyptic expectations at the time was until recently dismissed
as romantic myth, but the arrival of our new millennium has brought a revival in
interest in the dawn of the second millennium, and new evidence of millennial fears.
Yet millennial studies and architectural history largely continue to follow separate,
parallel paths. This book therefore aims to add the architectural evidence to the millen­
nial debate, and to examine this formative period in relation to the evolution of
Romanesque architecture and art. As our own millennium gets under way with contin­
uing hesitancy between European aspiration and national identity, it is also of interest to
compare our time with the Europe of a thousand years ago.
ISBN E-SG3-S123Q-S
imi
9782503512303
INTERNATIONAL
MEDIEVAL INSTITUTE
9 782503 512303
fal¿*
T he W hite M antle of C hurches
Architecture, Liturgy, and Art
around the Millennium
INTERNATIONAL MEDIEVAL RESEARCH
ART HISTORY
EDITORIAL BOARD
Axel E W Muller, Alan V Murray, Peter Meredith, & Ian N. Wood
with the assistance of the IMC Programming Committee
V 10
olume
T W M C
h e h it e a n t l e o f h u r c h e s
Architecture, Liturgy, and Art
around the Millennium
Edited by
Nigel Hiscock
BREPOLS
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is avaible from the British Library
C 2U03. BREPOLSSPUBLISHERS , Turnhoui. Belgium
All rights reserved. No parr of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
0/2003/0095/23
ISBN 2-503-51230-5
Contents
List of Illustrations v n
Preface to the Series xm
Introduction x\
Historiarum libri quinque Book Three, Chaptei Four xix
RODULF GLABER
1 The Ottoman Revival- Church Expansion and Monastic Reform 1
NIGEL HISCOCK
2. Architectural Developments in the Empire North of the Alps
The Patronage of the Imperial Court 29
RICHARD PLANT
3. Henry IPs Renovatio in the Pericope Book and Regensburg Sacramentary 57
ELIZA GARRISON
4. Monastic Architecture and the Gorze Reforms Reconsidered 81
WARREN SANDERSON
5. Architecture and Liturgy in England c 1000 Problems and Possibilities 91
HELEN GITTOS
6. The Representational Liturgy of the Regulans Comoidia 107
NILS HOLGER PETERSEN
7. Anglo-Saxon Architecture beyond the Millennium Its Continuity in Norman Building 119
MALC OLM THURLBY
8. Architecture and Liturgical Practice: The Clumac gahlaea 139
KRISTINA KRUGER
9. St Bénigne in Dijon as Exemplum of Rodulf Glaber’s Metaphoric ‘White Mantle' 161
CAROLYN MALONE
10 The Aichitectuie and Sculpture of the Eleventh-Century Abbey Church
of St Germain-des-Prés Their Place in the Millennial Period 181
DANIELLE IOHNSON
11 Aichitecture and Sculpture at Autun around the Millennium 197
SYLVIE BALC ON, WALTER BERRY, & CHRISTIAN SAPIN
12 Chuich Building in Northern Italy around the Year 1000. A Reappraisal 221
CHARLES B MCCLENDON
13 A New Architecture for a New Order
The Building Projects of Sancho el Mayor (1004—1035) 233
JANICE MANN
14 The White Mantle of Churches Millennial Dynamics,
and the Wntten and Architectural Record 249
RICHARD LANDES
List of Contributors 265
Index 267
Content?
List of Illustrations
Fig. 1. Christ, Otto II, Theophanou, and Otto 7th Century' Minster at Winchester Interpret­
III, ivory, 983; Milan, Castello Sforzesco, ed', in The Anglo-Saxon Chinili Papeis on His-
Civiche Raccolte d’Arte Applicata, A. 15 toty, Architecture, and Archaeology m Honoin of Dt
H M Tayloi, ed by L Butler and R Morris,
Fig. 2. Fulbert preaching to his people at Chartres
Council for British Archaeology, Research
Cathedral, Obituary of the Chaptei of Notte Dame
Report 60 (London, 1986), p 198 fig 135
XIc, Chartres, Bibliothèque municipale, MS
N.A. 4, fol. 34. Fig. 11 Ripoll, S Manas Abbey interior,pho­
Fig. 3. Montier-en-Der, Abbe\ of Sts Peter and to J Mann
Paul, rebuilding commenced by Adso in 980s, Fig 12 Ripoll, S Maria’s Abbey, plan.
consecrated 998, choir early thirteenth cen­ J. Cadafalch, A de Falguera, and J Casals, Atqui-
tury; photo N. Fhscock.
tectuta romànica a Catalunya, vol. II (Barcelona,
Fig. 4. Tours, St Martin’s Abbey, che\et archae­ 1911), p 157 fig 72
ology, fourth, fifth, eleventh, and thirteenth
Fig. 13 Reims, St Reims Abbey, commenced
centuries; S. Ratei, Les Basiliques de Saint-Mar-
1005, recommenced to reduced scale c 1034,
tin a Toms. Supplément (Paris, 1890), pi II
vault shafts, upper clerestory, and vault late
Fig. 5. Cluny II, reconstruction 1043, K Conant, twelfth century, photo M. Thurlby
Carolmgiaii and Romanesque Architecture (Lon­
Fig 14. Reims, St Rémi’s Abbey, plan,
don, 1959), pi. 46(A).
C Radding and W. Clark, Medieval Architecture,
Fig. 6. Cluny II, plan 1050, Conant, Carohn- Medieval Learning (New Haven, CT, 1992), p.
gian and Romanesque Architecture, p. 83 fig 26 126 fig 96
Fig. 7. Cologne, St Pantaleon s Abbey interior
Fig 15. Deutz, St Mary ’s Abbev, view 1531,
of westwork; photo N. Hiscock.
A Woesnam, Prospekt det Stadt Köln (Köln, 1531),
Fig. 8. Cologne, St Pantaleon’s Abbey, plan, Kupferstichkabmett, Bildarchiv Preußischer
B. Singleton, ‘Koln-Deutz and Romanesque Kulturbesitz, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Architecture’, Journal of the Buttsh Archaeologi­
Fig. 16 Deutz, St Marv’s Abbey, plan, H Kubach
cal Association, 143 (1990), 65 fig. 10.
and A. Verbeek, Romanische Baukunst an Rhein
Fig. 9. Winchester, Old Minster, structural devel­ und Maas, voi i (Berlin, 1976), p 185 fig 330.
opment c. 974-94, B. Kjolbye-Biddle, ‘Old
Fig 17 Bernav Abbey, interior; photo N His­
Minster, St Swithun’s Day 1093’, in Winches­
cock.
ter Cathedral Nine Hundred Yeats I093-199Ï,
ed. by J. Crook (Chichester, 1993), p 15 fig Fig 18 Bernay Abbey, plan, Duval (1978),
2.3. Médiathèque du Patrimoine, no 56129
Fig. 10. Winchester, Old Minster, plan, sev­ Fig 19 Hildesheim, St Michael’ Abbey, exte­
enth-tenth centuries; B. Kjolbye-Biddle, ‘The rior from south-east; photo R. Plant.