The water, food, energy and climate nexus : challenges and an agenda for action

292 Pages·2016·3.9 MB·English

by  Bartram

The Water, Food, Energy and
Climate Nexus
Global trends of population growth, rising living standards and the rapidly
increasing urbanization of the world are intensifying the demand for water,
food and energy. Added to this is the growing threat of climate change, which
will have huge impacts on water and food availability. It is increasingly clear
that there is no place in an interlinked world for isolated solutions aimed at just
one sector. In recent years the “Nexus” has emerged as a powerful concept to
capture these inter-linkages of resources and is now a key feature of
policy-making.
This book is one of the fi rst to provide a broad overview of both the science
behind the Nexus and the implications for policies and sustainable development.
It brings together contributions by leading intergovernmental and governmental
offi cials, industry, scientists and other stakeholder thinkers who are working to
develop the approaches to the Nexus of water–food–energy and climate. It
represents a major synthesis and state-of-the-art assessment of the Nexus by
major players, in light of the adoption by the United Nations of the new
Sustainable Development Goals and Targets in 2015.
Felix Dodds is a Senior Affi liate of the Water Institute and a Senior Fellow at
the Global Research Institute at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
USA. He is also an Associate Fellow at the Tellus Institute and was the
Executive Director of the Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future from
1992 to 2012. He is author or editor of several books on sustainable development
and resource security.
Jamie Bartram is a Don and Jennifer Holzworth Distinguished Professor of
Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Director of the Water Institute
at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. He is the author or
editor of numerous academic papers and books, including the Routledge
Handbook of Water and Health (2015).
Earthscan Studies in Natural Resource Management
The Water, Food, Energy and Climate Nexus
Challenges and an agenda for action
Edited by Felix Dodds and Jamie Bartram
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An integrated watershed approach
Edited by Feras Ziadat and Wondimu Bayu
Adaptive Cross-scalar Governance of Natural Resources
Edited by Grenville Barnes and Brian Child
The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus
Lessons from India for development
Edited by M. Dinesh Kumar, Nitin Bassi, A. Narayanamoorthy and
M.V.K. Sivamohan
Gender Research in Natural Resource Management
Building capacities in the Middle East and North Africa
Edited by Malika Abdelali-Martini, Aden Aw-Hassan
Contested Forms of Governance in Marine Protected Areas
A study of co-management and adaptive co-management
Natalie Bown, Tim S. Gray and Selina M. Stead
Adaptive Collaborative Approaches in Natural Resource
Management
Rethinking participation, learning and innovation
Edited by Hemant R. Ojha, Andy Hall and Rasheed Sulaiman V
Integrated Natural Resource Management in the Highlands of
Eastern Africa
From concept to practice
Edited by Laura Anne German, Jeremias Mowo, Tilahun Amede and
Kenneth Masuki
For more information on books in the Earthscan Studies in Natural Resource
Management series, please visit the series page on the Routledge website:
http://www.routledge.com/books/series/ECNRM/
The Water, Food, Energy and
Climate Nexus
Challenges and an agenda for action
Edited by Felix Dodds and
Jamie Bartram
First published 2016
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 Felix Dodds and Jamie Bartram, selection and editorial material;
individual chapters, the contributors
The right of the editors to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted
in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Names: Dodds, Felix, editor. | Bartram, Jamie, editor.
Title: The water, energy, food and climate nexus : challenges and an
agenda for action / edited by Felix Dodds and Jamie Bartram.
Description: London ; New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: Earthscan
studies in natural resource management | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2015045224| ISBN 9781138190948 (hbk) |
ISBN 9781138190955 (pbk) | ISBN 9781315640716 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: Sustainable development. | Water security. | Food
security. | Energy security. | Climatic changes.
Classifi cation: LCC HD75.6 .W376 2016 | DDC 333.7--dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015045224
ISBN: 978-1-138-19094-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-19095-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-64071-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby
Contents
Acronyms and abbreviations ix
Notes on contributors xi
Foreword xix
ALBERT BUTARE
Foreword xxiii
PAULA CABALLERO GOMEZ
Foreword xxv
HRH PRINCE CHARLES
Introduction 1
FELIX DODDS AND JAMIE BARTRAM
PART 1
Learning from the past, building a new future:
Nexus scientifi c research 5
1 The history of the Nexus at the intergovernmental
level 7
FELIX DODDS AND JAMIE BARTRAM
2 Sustainable Development Goals and policy
integration in the Nexus 47
DAVID LE BLANC
3 Nexus scientifi c research: Theory and approach
serving sustainable development 58
JOACHIM VON BRAUN AND ALISHER MIRZABAEV
4 Global risks and opportunities in food, energy,
environment and water to 2050 72
R. QUENTIN GRAFTON
vi Contents
5 The Water, Energy And Food Nexus and ecosystems:
The political economy of food and non-food supply
chains 78
TONY ALLAN AND NATHANIAL MATTHEWS
PART 2
Urban challenges of the Nexus: Local and global
perspectives 91
6 The contribution of innovation in urban resilience
and sustainability to realizing the urban Nexus 93
NICHOLAS YOU
7 Operationalizing the Urban Nexus: Increasing the
productivity of cities and urbanized nations 105
KATHRINE BREKKE AND JEB BRUGMANN
8 The confederacy of experts: The crushing Nexus of
silos, systems, arrogance and irrational certainty 117
GARY LAWRENCE
PART 3
Natural resource security for people 125
Water, food and energy 125
9 Water–food–energy–climate: Strengthening the weak
links in the Nexus 127
ANIA GROBICKI
10 Natural resource security in an uncertain world 138
SYLVIA LEE
PART 4
Nexus perspectives: Energy: Water and climate 147
11 The Nexus in small island developing states 149
LIZ THOMPSON
12 Renewable energy: Nexus-friendly pathways for
growth 163
FRANK WOUTERS AND DIVYAM NAGPAL
Contents vii
13 Adding to complexity: Climate change in the Energy–
Water Nexus 176
DIEGO RODRIGUEZ, ANNA DELGADO MARTIN AND ANTONIA SOHNS
PART 5
Nexus perspectives: Food, water, and climate 195
14 Smallholder farmers are at the Nexus of post-2015
development issues 197
IAIN MACGILLIVRAY
15 Green opportunities for urban sanitation challenges
through energy, water and nutrient recovery 204
PAY DRECHSEL AND MUNIR A. HANJRA
PART 6
Nexus corporate stewardship: How business is
improving resource use 219
16 Building partnerships for resilience 221
DAVID NORMAN AND STUART ORR
17 Capital markets at the Nexus of sustainable
development 229
STEVE WAYGOOD
18 Principles for the integration of the Nexus within
business 246
FELIX DODDS AND COLE SIMONS
Index 257
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
BOLT Build Operate Lease Transfer
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CLEW Climate, land, energy, water
CMS Conservation of Migratory Species
CSD Commission on Sustainable Development
DAC Development Assistance Committee
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)
FE2W Food, Energy, Environment and Water Network
FFD Financing for Development
GDP Gross National Product
GEF Global Environmental Facility (UN)
GHG Greenhouse Gases
GRI Global Research Institute
GWP Global Water Partnership
ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives
ICSU International Council for Science
IDP Integrated Development Planning
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
IWMI International Water Management Institute
JPoI Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
LA21 Local Agenda 21
LDC Least Developed Countries
LTG Limits to Growth
MDBs Multilateral Development Banks
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
NGOs Nongovernmental Organizations
NIC National Intelligence Council (United States)
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion