The Wars of the Romans: A Critical Edition and Translation of De Armis Romanis

420 Pages·2011·2.23 MB·English

by  by Alberico Gentili

The Wars of the
Romans
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ALBERICO GENTILI
The Wars of the
Romans
A Critical Edition and Translation of
De armis Romanis
Editedby
BENEDICT KINGSBURY
and
BENJAMIN STRAUMANN
Translatedby
DAVID LUPHER
Aproject ofthe Institute forInternational LawandJustice
at New YorkUniversitySchoolofLaw
1
3
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Editors Note and Acknowledgments
This edition of Alberico Gentili’s De armis Romanis (1599) represents both
the first translation of this book into English or any other language, and its
firstpublicationinLatinsinceitwasreprintedinthe(uncompleted)Naples
editionofGentili’scollectedworksin1770.Aseditorswearedeeplyindebted
toProfessorDavidLupher,aclassicalscholarwhohasmadeamajorcontri-
butionalsotothefieldoftheearlymodernreceptionoftheclassicswithhis
book Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish
America(2003).Inundertakingthistranslationandenteringuponthefieldof
Gentili studies, he has brought to the project his wide erudition and excep-
tional gifts as a translator and scholar. This edition would not have been
conceivablewithoutDavid’s imagination,thoroughness,anddry wit.
ThemodernstudyofAlbericoGentili(1552–1608)owesagreatdealtothe
pioneering work and continued leadership of Professor Diego Panizza,
Professor Emeritus of the History of Political Thought at the University of
Padua. His innovative book Alberico Gentili, giurista ideologo nell’Inghilterra
elisabettiana (1981), which remains a leading contribution to scholarship on
Gentili, has been followed by a rich series of papers illuminating many
aspects of Gentili’s work, including a seminal essay on De armis Romanis
prepared for the volume we have edited as a companion to the present text
and translation, The Roman Foundations of the Law of Nations: Alberico
Gentili and the Justice of Empire (Oxford University Press). That essay,
together with the learned essay on De armis Romanis by David Lupher in
the same volume, are to the best of our knowledge among the first critical
studiesofDearmisRomanis.Ouraimineditingthecompanionvolumehas
been to provide readers who become interested in this and related works of
Gentili with a set of contemporary essays by leading scholars placing that
work inits widercontexts.
Much of the more recent scholarly work on Gentili has been undertaken
with the Centro Internazionale Studi Gentiliani (CISG). The founding
of the CISG in Gentili’s birthplace, San Ginesio, in 1981 began a new
phaseintherecrudescenceofstudiesofGentililaunchedbyThomasErskine
Holland’s 1874 Oxford inaugural lecture on Gentili and Grotius. Led with
much success in 1991–8 by the late Alessandro Taccari, the CISG’s very
substantial recent academic and programmatic work has been orchestrated
through to publication of the present volume under the indefatigable
leadership of Pepe Ragoni of San Ginesio. She has organized conferences,
raisedfunds,identifiedpossiblespeakers,andprovidednewlyclarifiedinfor-
mationonGentili’sbiography,someofwhichisincorporatedintoourshort
vi editors’ note and acknowledgments
chronological compilation of principal events in Gentili’s life. The regular
publicationsoftheCISGintheseriesissuedbyGiuffréinMilanhavegiven
animportantimpetustomodernGentilistudies.Wearedeeplyindebtedto
PepeRagoni,DiegoPanizza,andallinvolvedintheCISGfortheirsupport.
Support for this translation came from the Comitato Nazionale Alberico
Gentili in Italy, whose members are listed below, as well as four associated
sponsorsfromtheprivatesectorinItaly,alsolistedbelow.Wearegratefulto
them,andtoNewYorkUniversitySchoolofLaw,particularlyDeanRichard
Revesz, the Institute for International Law and Justice, the Hauser Global
Law School Program, the Straus Institute for the Advanced Study of Law
and Justice, and the Greenberg and D’Agostino Research Fund. This is a
publicationofthe Program intheHistoryandTheory ofInternational Law
at NYULawSchool.
John Louth and Alex Flach at Oxford University Press have given this
project their steadfast encouragement from the outset. We are grateful also
to Fiona Stables and Natasha Knight for supervising the production process,
BonnieBlackburnforherexceptionalcopy-editing,LeofrancHolford-Strevens
for the proofreading, and Yvonne Dixon for compiling the indices.
In identifying and tracking down Gentili’s marginal references, we have
received generous assistance from Professor Kenneth Pennington (Catholic
University of America), who gave much help on legal sources, Christian
Zendri and Giuliano Marchetto (Università di Trento), Katherine Eggert
(University of Colorado), Daniel Kinney (University of Virginia), and Pro-
fessor Jan Waszink (Erasmus University Rotterdam). Professor Ann Blair
(Harvard University) provided help on early modern Problemata literature.
Needlessto say,anyremainingerrors areourown.
WethankalsoDr.MeredithShedd-DriskelandthestaffoftheMadison
LawLibraryoftheLibraryofCongress,thestaffoftheSonderlesesaalofthe
Universitätsbibliothek Basel, the staff of the Rare Book and Manuscript
Library at Columbia University’s Butler Library, and Sabrina Sondhi and
the other librarians at the Arthur W. Diamond Law Library at Columbia
University Schoolof Law.
BenjaminStraumannextendsspecialthankstoOssaiMiazadandAndreas
Gyr for enduring so much of Gentili and the darkness of some of his
marginalia,andto PatrickStraumannfor helpwiththe coverdesign.
Benedict Kingsbury expresses his deep appreciation to Benjamin Strau-
mann,whoseexpertiseinclassicallanguagesandsourceshasledtohistaking
on the entire burden of the more recondite scholarly work required to
producethisedition, in closeandfruitfulcollaborationwithDavidLupher.
The Comitato Nazionale Alberico Gentili, which has supported prepar-
ationofthisvolume,isorganizedunderthepatronageoftheMinisteroperi
Beni e le Attività Culturali, Direzione Generale per i beni librari, gli istituti
culturali e ildiritto d’autore,and consistsof: Ministroper ibeni e le attività
editors’ note and acknowledgments vii
culturali; Ministro degli affari esteri; Ministro della pubblica istruzione;
Ministro dell’università e della ricerca; Ambasciatore d’Italia Giuseppe
BalboniAcqua;PresidentedellaRegioneMarche;PresidentedellaProvincia
di Macerata; Sindaco del Comune di San Ginesio; Università degli studi di
Macerata;UniversitàdeglistudidiCamerino;UniversitàdeglistudidiPerugia;
Università degli studi di Padova; Università degli studi di Napoli ‘L’Orien-
tale’; Università degli studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’; Associazione Italiana
storicidelledottrinepolitiche;SocietàItalianadirittointernazionale;Istituto
studi giuridici internazionali del CNR; Consiglio nazionale forense; Centro
internazionale studi Gentiliani; Giorgio Badiali; Giuseppe Cataldi; Peter
Haggenmacher; Tony Honoré; Benedict Kingsbury; Luigi Lacché; Anna
Maria Lazzarino Del Grosso; Vaughan Lowe; Sergio Marchisio; Filippo
Mignini; Giovanni Minnucci; Massimo Montella; Diego Panizza; Diego
Quaglioni; Pepe Ragoni; Boudewijn Sirks; Ferdinando Treggiari; Alain
Wijffels. Further financial support was kindly provided by: Fondazione
Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia di Macerata; Camera di Commercio
IndustriaArtigianatoeAgricolturadiMacerata;SilvanoLattanzi;Fondazione
CassadiRisparmiodiFermo.
B.K.,B.S.
NewYork
2010
June
Benedict Kingsbury is Murry and Ida Becker Professor of Law at New York
University. He specializes in the history and theory of international law and
hispublicationsincludeHugoGrotiusandInternationalRelations(OxfordUni-
versityPress,1990,withHedleyBullandAdamRoberts)andAlbericoGentilieil
MondoExtra-Europeo(Giuffrè,2001).
BenjaminStraumannisAlbericoGentiliFellowatNewYorkUniversity.He
is the author of Hugo Grotius und die Antike: Römisches Recht und römische
EthikimfrühneuzeitlichenNaturrecht(NomosVerlagsgesellschaft,2007)and
co-editor (with Benedict Kingsbury) of The Roman Foundations of the Law
ofNations:AlbericoGentiliandtheJusticeofEmpire(OxfordUniversityPress,
2010).
Professor David Lupher is Professor of Classics at the University of Puget
Sound. He is the author of Romans in a New World: Classical Models in
Sixteenth-Century SpanishAmerica (UniversityofMichiganPress, 2003).
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Contents
Introduction:RomanWarsandRomanLaws x
PrincipalEventsinGentili’sLife xxvi
Translator’sNoteontheTextandTranslationwithAcknowledgments xxviii
NoteonGentili’sMarginalReferences xxx
TEXT AND TRANSLATION 1
BookI. Indictment ofthe Injusticeofthe RomansinWarfare 8
BookII. DefenseoftheJustice oftheRomansinWarfare 120
Appendix 357
Errata 362
GlossaryofTerms 364
BibliographyofPostclassicalWorksReferredtobyGentili 367
IndexofAuthorsandWorksCited 373
GeneralIndex 381