The Vision Zero Handbook: Theory, Technology and Management for a Zero Casualty Policy

1233 Pages·2023·25.443 MB·English

by  Karin Edvardsson Björnberg, Sven Ove Hansson, Matts-Åke Belin, Claes Tingvall

Karin Edvardsson Björnberg
Sven Ove Hansson
Matts-Åke Belin
Claes Tingvall
Editors
The Vision
Zero
Handbook
Theory, Technology and Management
for a Zero Casualty Policy
The Vision Zero Handbook
o¨ (cid:129)
Karin Edvardsson Bj rnberg Sven Ove
˚
(cid:129) A (cid:129)
Hansson Matts- ke Belin Claes Tingvall
Editors
The Vision Zero Handbook
Theory, Technology and Management
for a Zero Casualty Policy
With219Figuresand62Tables
Editors
KarinEdvardssonBjörnberg SvenOveHansson
DivisionofPhilosophy DivisionofPhilosophy
KTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology RoyalInstituteofTechnology(KTH)
Stockholm,Sweden Stockholm,Sweden
Departmentof
Learning,Informatics,Management
andEthics
KarolinskaInstitutet
Stockholm,Sweden
Matts-ÅkeBelin ClaesTingvall
DepartmentofSocial ChalmersUniversityofTechnology
DeterminantsofHealthWHO Gothenburg,Sweden
Geneva,Switzerland
MonashUniversityAccidentResearchCentre
Melbourne,Victoria,Australia
AFRY
Stockholm,Sweden
ISBN978-3-030-76504-0 ISBN978-3-030-76505-7(eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7
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Preface
Globally, about 1.3 million people die every year in road traffic crashes and about
50 million are injured. For long, the death toll on roads was considered to be a
necessarypricethatwehavetopayforourmobilityanddevelopment.Butbeginning
inthelate1990s,analternativeapproachtoroadsafetyhasbecomemoreandmore
influential. The Vision Zero movement declares that every severe crash in road
trafficisanavoidablefailureandthatnoothergoalissatisfactorythanzerofatalities
and serious injuries. This is by no means a new idea. Similar views have been
expressedinmanyotherareasofsafetymanagement.Safetyworkbasedontheidea
that every accident is one too much can be found in workplace safety, fire safety,
aviation,suicideprevention,patientsafety,infectioncontrol,andmanyotherareas.
Zero goals are also gaining traction in environmental protection and sustainable
developmentwork.Termssuchaszerowaste,zeroemissions,zerocarbon,andzero
povertyhavebecomeincreasinglyimportantinclimateandenvironmentalpolicies.
Detractors claim that Vision Zero is too stringent and therefore also unrealistic.
But practical experience has shown again and again that the Vision Zero approach
canefficientlyreducethenumberofdeathsandseriousinjuries.Ofcourse,itisnot
enough to set up Vision Zero as a goal. Its effects materialize when it is systemat-
ically applied, and every serious accident is treated as a failure that must not be
repeated.
Thishandbookisthefirstcomprehensivecollectionofknowledgeandexperience
of Vision Zero. Its contributing authors are experts from all around the world,
representing a wide range of academic disciplines and an equally wide range of
specializations in practical safety management. The handbook is divided into five
main parts. The first part discusses Vision Zero from several theoretical perspec-
tives, relating it to other road safety targets, to other principles of safety manage-
ment, to other forms of policy-making, and to ethical issues such as responsibility
and paternalism. It also contains a chapter that scrutinizes the most common
arguments against Vision Zero. The second part provides a broad overview of the
worldwide adoption of Vision Zero in road traffic. It contains chapters on Vision
Zero in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Australia,
Canada, the United States, and India, as well as chapters on its impact in interna-
tionalcooperation.ThethirdpartdiscussesVisionZerofromamanagerialpointof
view, providing perspectives from road managers, vehicle manufacturers, and
v
vi Preface
consumers.ThefourthpartintroducestoolsandtechnologiesforVisionZeroinroad
traffic.Itincludeschaptersonroadsafetyanalysis,roaddesign,speedcontrol,driver
distraction,andautomatedvehicles.Finally,thefifthpartputsfocusontheapplica-
tion of Vision Zero in other areas than road traffic. It contains chapters devoted to
VisionZeroinworkplacesafety,firesafety,suicideprevention,diseaseeradication,
andwastemanagement.
Wehope thatthis handbook willinspire further developments, innovations,and
decisionsthatcontributetoeliminatinghumansuffering.Safetyisachievable,butit
requirescommitment,knowledge,andcarefulplanning.
Stockholm,Sweden KarinEdvardssonBjörnberg
Stockholm,Sweden SvenOveHansson
Geneva,Switzerland Matts-ÅkeBelin
Gothenburg,Sweden ClaesTingvall
November2022
Contents
PartI IdeasandPrinciples ................................. 1
1 VisionZeroandOtherRoadSafetyTargets .................. 3
KarinEdvardssonBjörnberg
2 ZeroVisionsandOtherSafetyPrinciples .................... 31
SvenOveHansson
3 ArgumentsAgainstVisionZero:ALiteratureReview ......... 107
HenokGirmaAbebe,SvenOveHansson,and
KarinEdvardssonBjörnberg
4 WhatIsaVisionZeroPolicy?LessonsfromaMulti-sectoral
Perspective ........................................... 151
Ann-CatrinKristianssenandRagnarAndersson
5 ResponsibilityinRoadTraffic ............................ 177
SvenOveHansson
6 Liberty,Paternalism,andRoadSafety ...................... 205
SvenOveHansson
PartII VisionZero:AnInternationalMovementfor
TrafficSafety ............................................ 243
7 VisionZero:HowItAllStarted ........................... 245
ClaesTingvall
8 VisionZeroinSweden:StreamingThroughProblems,
Politics,andPolicies .................................... 267
Matts-ÅkeBelin
9 VisionZeroinNorway .................................. 295
RuneElvik
10 SustainableSafety:AShortHistoryofaSafeSystem
ApproachintheNetherlands ............................. 307
FredWegman,LettyAarts,andPetervanderKnaap
vii
viii Contents
11 VisionZeroinGermany ................................. 337
WolframHell,KurtBodewig,UteHammer,ChristianKellner,
ClemensKlinke,MatthiasMück,MartinSchreiner,FelixWalz,and
GuidoZielke
12 VisionZeroinPoland ................................... 359
KazimierzJamroz,AleksandraRomanowska,LechMichalski,and
JoannaŻukowska
13 VisionZeroinLithuania ................................. 399
VidasŽuraulisandVidmantasPumputis
14 VisionZeroinEUPolicy:AnNGOPerspective ............... 439
EllenTownsendandAntonioAvenoso
15 TheDevelopmentofthe“VisionZero”Approachin
Victoria,Australia ...................................... 475
SamanthaCockfield,DavidHealy,AnneHarris,AllisonMcIntyre,
andAntoniettaCavallo
16 VisionZeroonFederalLevelinCanada .................... 507
PamelaFuselli
17 AdoptionofSafeSystemsintheUnitedStates ................ 553
JeffreyP.Michael,LeahShahum,andJeffreyF.Paniati
18 EstablishingVisionZeroinNewYorkCity:TheStoryofa
Pioneer .............................................. 571
Ann-CatrinKristianssen
19 TrafficSafetyinIndiaandVisionZero ..................... 597
GeetamTiwariandDineshMohan
20 VisionZerointheUnitedNations .......................... 637
MeleckidzedeckKhayesi
21 TowardsaPotentialParadigmShift:TheRoleofVisionZeroin
GlobalRoadSafetyPolicyMaking ......................... 647
Ann-CatrinKristianssen
PartIII ManagementandLeadershipforVisionZero .......... 673
22 ISO39001RoadTrafficSafetyManagementSystem,Performance
Recording,andReporting ................................ 675
AndersLieandClaesTingvall
23 WhattheCarIndustryCanDo:VolvoCars ................. 687
AndersEugenssonandJanIvarsson
24 WhattheCarIndustryCanDo:Mercedes-Benz’View ......... 727
RodolfoSchöneburgandKarl-HeinzBaumann
Contents ix
25 ConsumerRatingsandTheirRoleinImproving
VehicleSafety ......................................... 755
MichielR.vanRatingen
26 SavingLivesBeyond2020:TheNextSteps .................. 789
ClaesTingvall,JeffreyP.Michael,PeterLarsson,AndersLie,Maria
Segui-Gomez,ShawVoonWong,OliveKobusingye,MariaKrafft,
FredWegman,MargiePeden,AdnanHyder,Meleckidzedeck
Khayesi,EricDumbaugh,SamanthaCockfield,andAlejandroFuras
27 MiscommunicationsBasedonDifferentMeaningsof“Safe”and
TheirImplicationsfortheMeaningofSafeSystem ............ 841
ChikaSakashita,R.F.SoamesJob,andMatts-ÅkeBelin
PartIV ToolsandTechnologiesforVisionZero ............... 855
28 RoadSafetyAnalysis .................................... 857
MatteoRizziandJohanStrandroth
29 Speed-LimitsinLocalStreets:Lessonsfroma30km/hTrial
inVictoria,Australia .................................... 881
BrianN.Fildes,BrendanLawrence,LukeThompson,and
JennieOxley
30 UrbanRoadDesignandKeepingDownSpeed ............... 903
BruceCorben
31 RuralRoadDesignAccordingtotheSafeSystem
Approach ............................................. 947
HelenaStigson,AndersKullgren,andLars-ErikAndersson
32 SpeedandTechnology:DifferentModusofOperandi .......... 971
Matts-ÅkeBelinandAnnaVadeby
33 DriverDistraction:Mechanisms,Evidence,Prevention,and
Mitigation ............................................ 995
MichaelA.ReganandOscarOviedo-Trespalacios
34 AutomatedVehicles:HowDoTheyRelateto
VisionZero ........................................... 1057
AndersLie,ClaesTingvall,MariaHåkansson,andOlaBoström
PartV VisionZeroinOtherAreas ......................... 1073
35 VisionZeroinWorkplaces ............................... 1075
GerardI.J.M.ZwetslootandPeteKines
36 SuicideintheTransportSystem ........................... 1103
Anna-LenaAnderssonandKennethSvensson
x Contents
37 VisionZeroinSuicidePreventionandSuicide
PreventiveMethods ..................................... 1117
DanutaWasserman,I.Tadić,andC.Bec
38 VisionZeroonFireSafety ............................... 1143
RagnarAnderssonandThomasGell
39 VisionZeroinDiseaseEradication ......................... 1165
MarkRosenberg,EmalineLaney,andClaesTingvall
40 Zero-Waste:ANewSustainabilityParadigmforAddressing
theGlobalWasteProblem ............................... 1195
AtiqZaman
Index .................................................... 1219