The university and the city

233 Pages·2013·6.106 MB·English

by  John Goddard, Paul Vallance

The University and the City
Universities are being seen as key urban institutions by researchers and policy
makers around the world. They are global players with significant local direct
and indirect impacts – on employment, the built environment, business innova-
tion and the wider society. The University and the City explores these impacts
andintheprocessseekstoexposetheextenttowhichuniversitiesarejustinthe
city,orpartofthecityandactivelycontributingtoitsdevelopment.
The precise expression of the emerging relationship between universities and
citiesishighlycontingentonnationalandlocalcircumstances.Thebookisthere-
fore grounded in original research into the experience of the UK and selected
English provincial cities, with a focus on the role of universities in addressing
the challenges of environmental sustainability, health and cultural development.
Thesecasestudiesaresetinthecontextofreviewsoftheinternationalevidence
on the links between universities and the urban economy, their role in ‘place
making’andinthelocalcommunity.
Thebookrevealstheneedtobuildastrongerbridgebetweenpolicyandprac-
tice in the fields of urban development and higher education underpinned by
sound theory if the full potential of universities as urban institutions is to be
realised. Those working in the field of development therefore need to acquire a
better understanding of universities and those in higher education of urban
development. The insights from both sides contained in The University and the
City providea platformonwhichtobuildwell-foundeduniversityandcitypart-
nershipsacrosstheworld.
John Goddard is Professor Emeritus of Regional Development Studies at
NewcastleUniversity,UK.
Paul Vallance is Research Associate in the Centre for Urban and Regional
DevelopmentStudiesatNewcastleUniversity,UK.
Regions and Cities
Managing Editor:
GillianBristow,UniversityofCardiff,UK.
Editors:
MaryannFeldman,UniversityofGeorgia,USA,
GernotGrabher,HafenCityUniversityHamburg,Germany,
RonMartin,UniversityofCambridge,UK,
MartinPerry,MasseyUniversity,NewZealand.
Intoday’sglobalised,knowledge-drivenandnetworkedworld,regionsandcities
have assumed heightened significance as the interconnected nodes of economic,
socialandculturalproduction,andassitesofnewmodesofeconomicandterri-
torial governance and policy experimentation. This book series brings together
incisive and critically engaged international and interdisciplinary research on
this resurgence of regions and cities, and should be of interest to geographers,
economists, sociologists, political scientists and cultural scholars, as well as to
policy-makersinvolvedinregionalandurbandevelopment.
For more information on the Regional Studies Association visit www.
regionalstudies.org
There is a 30% discount available to RSA members on books in the Regions
andCitiesseries,andothersubjectrelatedTaylorandFrancisbooksande-books
including Routledge titles. To order just e-mail [email protected], or
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alsovisitwww.routledge.comandusethediscountcode:RSA0901
1. BeyondGreenBelts 3. RegionalDevelopmentinthe1990s
Managingurbangrowthinthe TheBritishIslesintransition
21stcentury EditedbyRonMartinand
EditedbyJohnHerington PeterTownroe
2. RetreatfromtheRegions 4. SpatialPolicyinaDivided
Corporatechangeandtheclosure Nation
offactories EditedbyRichardT.Harrison
StephenFothergillandNigelGuy andMarkHart
5. AnEnlargedEurope 13. RegionalPolicyinEurope
Regionsincompetition? S.S.Artobolevskiy
EditedbyLouisAlbrechts,
SallyHardy,MarkHartand
14. NewInstitutionalSpaces
AnastasiosKatos
TECsandtheremakingof
economicgovernance
6. TheRegionalImperative
EditedbyMartinJonesand
Regionalplanningand
JamiePeck
governanceinBritain,Europe
andtheUnitedStates
15. TheCoherenceofEU
UrlanA.Wannop
RegionalPolicy
Contrastingperspectivesonthe
7. TheDeterminantsofSmall
structuralfunds
FirmGrowth
EditedbyJohnBachtlerand
Aninter-regionalstudyinthe
IvanTurok
UnitedKingdom1986–90
RichardBarkham,Graham
Gudgin,MarkHartand 16. Multinationalsand
EricHanvey EuropeanIntegration
Trade,investmentandregional
8. TheRegionalDimensionof development
TransformationinCentralEurope EditedbyNicholasA.Phelps
GrzegorzGorzelak
17. UnemploymentandSocial
9. UnionRetreatandtheRegions
Exclusion
Theshrinkinglandscapeof
Landscapesoflabourinequality
organisedlabour
andsocialexclusion
RonMartin,PeterSunleyand
EditedbySallyHardy,
JaneWills
PaulLawlessandRonMartin
10. RegionalDevelopmentStrategies
18. MetropolitanPlanningin
AEuropeanperspective
Britain
EditedbyJeremyAldenand
Acomparativestudy
PhilipBoland
EditedbyPeterRoberts,
KevinThomasand
11. BritishRegionalismand
GwyndafWilliams
Devolution
Thechallengesofstatereform
andEuropeanintegration 19. SocialExclusioninEuropean
EditedbyJonathanBradburyand Cities
JohnMawson Processes,experiencesand
responses
12. InnovationNetworksand EditedbyJudithAllen,
LearningRegions? GoranCarsand
JamesSimmie AliMadanipour
20. RegionalDevelopment 28. Regions,SpatialStrategiesand
AgenciesinEurope SustainableDevelopment
EditedbyCharlotteDamborg, DavidCounselland
MikeDansonandHenrikHalkier GrahamHaughton
29. ClustersandRegional
21. CommunityEconomic
Development
Development
EditedbyGrahamHaughton Criticalreflectionsand
explorations
22. ForeignDirectInvestment EditedbyBjørnAsheim,
andtheGlobalEconomy PhilipCookeandRonMartin
Corporateandinstitutional
30. RegionalCompetitiveness
dynamicsofglobal-localisation
EditedbyRonMartin,Michael
EditedbyJeremyAldenand
KitsonandPeterTyler
NicholasF.Phelps
31. RegionalDevelopmentinthe
23. RestructuringIndustryand
KnowledgeEconomy
Territory
EditedbyPhilipCookeand
TheexperienceofEurope’sregions
AndreaPiccaluga
EditedbyAnnaGiunta,Arnoud
LagendijkandAndyPike 32. TheRiseoftheEnglishRegions?
EditedbyIreneHardill,Paul
24. OutoftheAshes? Benneworth,MarkBakerand
Thesocialimpactofindustrial LeslieBudd
contractionandregenerationon
33. GeographiesoftheNew
Britain’sminingcommunities
Economy
ChasCritcher,BellaDicks,
DavidParryand Criticalreflections
EditedbyPeterW.Daniels,
DavidWaddington
AndrewLeyshon,MichaelJ.
25. RegionalInnovation BradshawandJonathan
Strategies Beaverstock
Thechallengeforless-favoured
34. EuropeanCohesionPolicy
regions
WillemMolle
EditedbyKevinMorganand
ClaireNauwelaers
35. CreativeRegions
Technology,cultureand
26. GeographiesofLabourMarket
knowledgeentrepreneurship
Inequality
EditedbyPhilipCookeand
EditedbyRonMartinand
DafnaSchwartz
PhilipS.Morrison
36. Devolution,Regionalismand
27. SustainableCities RegionalDevelopment
GrahamHaughtonand TheUKexperience
ColinHunter EditedbyJonathanBradbury
37. IntelligentCitiesand 45. Migrationinthe21stCentury
GlobalisationofInnovation Rights,outcomes,andpolicy
Networks KimKorinekandThomasMaloney
NicosKomninos
46. LeadershipandPlace
EditedbyChrisCollinge,
38. WhitherRegionalStudies?
JohnGibneyandChrisMabey
EditedbyAndyPike
47. BeyondTerritory
39. BusinessNetworksinClusters
EditedbyHaraldBathelt,
andIndustrialDistricts
MaryannFeldmanand
Thegovernanceoftheglobal
DieterF.Kogler
valuechain
EditedbyFiorenzaBelussiand
48. TheRecessionandBeyond
AlessiaSammarra Localandregionalresponsesto
thedownturn
40. ChinaandEurope
EditedbyDavidBaileyand
Theimplicationsoftheriseof
CarolineChapain
Chinaasaglobaleconomic
powerforEurope 49. CulturalPoliticalEconomy
EditedbyKlausKunzmann, ofSmallCities
WillyA.SchmidandMartina EditedbyAnneLorentzenand
Koll-Schretzenmayr BasvanHeur
50. JustGrowth
41. GlobalizingRegional
DevelopmentinEastAsia Inclusionandprosperityin
America’smetropolitanregions
Productionnetworks,clusters,
ChrisBennerandManuelPastor
andentrepreneurship
EditedbyHenryWai-chungYeung
51. IndustrialPolicyBeyondthe
Crisis
42. ManufacturingintheNew
Regional,nationaland
UrbanEconomy
internationalperspectives
WillemvanWinden,Leovanden
EditedbyDavidBailey,
Berg,LuisdeCarvalhoand
HelenaLenihanandJosep-Maria
ErwinvanTuijl
Arauzo-Carod
43. TheImpactsofAutomotive
52. PromotingSiliconValleysin
PlantClosures
LatinAmerica
Ataleoftwocities
LucianoCiravegna
EditedbyAndrewBeerand
HolliEvans 53. RegionalDevelopmentin
NorthernEurope
44. TheFuturesoftheCity Peripherality,marginalityand
Region borderissues
EditedbyMichaelNeumanand EditedbyMikeDansonand
AngelaHull PeterDeSouza
54. CreatingKnowledgeLocations 59. RegionalDevelopment
inCities Agencies:TheNext
Innovationandintegration Generation?
challenges Networking,knowledgeand
WillemvanWinden,Luisde regionalpolicies
Carvalho,ErwinvanTujil, EditedbyNicolaBellini,Mike
JeroenvanHaarenand DansonandHenrikHalkier
LeovandenBerg
60. LeadershipandChangein
55. ComplexAdaptiveInnovation SustainableRegional
Systems Development
Relatednessandtransversality EditedbyMarkkuSotarauta,
intheevolvingregion InaHorlingsand
PhilipCooke JoyceLiddle
56. InnovationGovernanceinan 61. NetworkingRegionalised
OpenEconomy InnovativeLabour
Shapingregionalnodesina Markets
globalizedworld EditedbyUlrichHilpertand
EditedbyAnnikaRickne,Staffan HelenLawtonSmith
LaestadiusandHenryEtzkowitz
62. Re-framingRegional
57. CreativeIndustriesand Development
InnovationinEurope Evolution,innovationand
Concepts,measuresand transition
comparativecasestudies EditedbyPhilipCooke
EditedbyLucianaLazzeretti
63. TheUniversityandtheCity
58. Community-based JohnGoddardandPaulVallance
EntrepreneurshipandRural
Development
Creatingfavourableconditionsfor
smallbusinessesinCentralEurope
MatthiasFink,StephanLoidland
RichardLang
The University and the City
John Goddard and Paul Vallance
Firstpublished2013
byRoutledge
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(cid:2)2013JohnGoddardandPaulVallance
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thisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordancewiththeCopyright,
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withoutintenttoinfringe.
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Theuniversityandthecity/byJohnGoddardandPaulVallance.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Universitiesandcolleges—Economicaspects—GreatBritain.
2.Education,Higher—Economicaspects—GreatBritain3.Urban
economics.4.Communitydevelopment,Urban—GreatBritain.5.City
planning—GreatBritain.I.Vallance,Paul.II.Title.
LC67.68.G7G632013
338.4#73780941—dc23
2012030801
ISBN:978-0-415-58992-5(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-203-06836-6(ebk)
TypesetinTimesNewRoman
byBookNowLtd,London
Contents
Listofillustrations xi
Acknowledgements xv
1 Introduction 1
PARTI
Review:internationaldimensions 7
2 TheuniversityinthecityI:placeandcommunity 9
3 TheuniversityinthecityII:economicimpacts 22
4 Universities,innovationandeconomicdevelopment 35
5 Citysocialandeconomicdevelopment:driversand
barrierstouniversityengagementinthree
Europeancities 50
PARTII
Research:theUKcontext 65
6 HighereducationandcitiesintheUK 67
7 Universities,sustainabilityandurbandevelopment 89
8 Universitiesandhealth:institutionalrelationshipsin
thecity 110
9 Universitiesandtheculturalsectorofcities 127
10 Theembeddednessofuniversitiesinthecityand
thecityintheuniversity 147