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MORSINK.
JOHANNES
TheU niverDseacll aration
ofH umanR ights
PennsylvaSntiuad iIenHs u manR ights
BertL oBc.k wJoroS.ed,r, Ei deist or
A complleiotsfbet o oikntsh es eriiasve asi lfarbotlmhep eu blisher.
TheU niversDaelc laration
of HumaRni ghts
OrigiDnrsa,ft ianngdI, n tent
JohannMeosr sink
PENN
UniverofsP ietyn nsylPvraensisa
Philadelphia
Copyrig1h9t9�J9 oh annesM orsink
Alrli ghrtess erved
Printientd h eU niteSdt atoefAs m eriocnaa dd-frpeaep er
109 8 75 46 3 2
Published yb
UniverosfiP etnysn ylvania PreSB
PhiladelPpehniynals,v an1i9a1 04-4011
LibraorfCy o ngreCsast aloging-In-PDuabtlai cation
MorsinJko,h annes,
TheU niverDseacll araotfiH ounm anR igh:to srig nis, drafting,
andi ntenJto/h annMeosr sink.
p. em.- (PennsylsvtuadinieIasn h umanr ights)
Includbeisb liograpreheifrcenacels ( p.) a ndI ndex,
ISBN0 -8122-34(7c4l-oX;tI h S)B N0 -8122-1(7p4b7k-)0
1.U niteNda tioGnesn,er alA ssembUlnyi,v erDseacll araotfi on
HumanR ights-Hist2o.Hr uym.a nr ights-Hiltory-20th
centuryI.T. i tlIeI S.e ries.
K3238.319481.M99697
841.4'81'09-dc21 98-41468
CIP
Tom ys ons
EriJko hannes
and
AlexandBearr tlett
Contents
Intriood:Tnu hcDete claarFtai tfitoyn ix
Chap1t:Te hrDe r faitnPgr ocEexspsl ained 1
1.T1h Uen iNtaetdi Cohnasra tnetdrh D ee claration 1
12. ThSee vDerna ftSitnagg es 4
1.O3 rigIinntaelna tnitdoh Cneos lW da r 12
1.T4 hEei gAhbts tentions 21
1.A5u thToirtsal,neA d,d dressees 28
Chap2t:We orr Wladr a sCI aIt alyst 36
2.P1 ersSoencaular nitdth Cyea mps 37
2.N2 azificaanLtdei goHanul m aRni ghts 43
2.T3 hPer obwliettmhh Ne u remberg 'frials 52
2.D4 eomcraFcryeS,ep eeacnhHd,a tSep eech 58
2.S5p ecInitaelr naHtuimoaRnnia glah nttdsh Reo le
ofh eUt niNtaedt ions 72
2.S6 ocEicaoln,o amniCdcu ,l tural Examples 88
Chap3t:Ce orl onies,a nMWdio nmoerRnii'tgsih etss, 92
3.T1 hCeo mmuPnuisfshotN r o ndiscrimination 93
3.T2 hPer obolfte hmCe o lonies 96
3.R3 acCeo,l Noart,i Oorniagalin Lnda, n guage 102
3.P4 oliOtpiicnaPilro eonrpy,at, n Bdi rth 109
3.T5h Weo meLno'bsab nyWd o meRni'gsh ts 116
Chap4t:Pe rri vaanDcdiy ff eKriennodtfPs r operty 130
4.T1h Lea tienr iACcmoannn ection 130
42. InviolaanPbdri ilviatcyy Rights 134
4.S3 houPledr sPornoaplBe erS tiyn gOluetd? 139
4."4Al oanWsee lalsi nA ssocwiitahOt tihoenr s" 146
4.A5M inimWuimt ahL ianr Fgrearm ework 152
Contents
viii
ChaptTehrSe o 5c:iS ahlaiopsfWet o rke-lRaRtiegdh ts 175
5.F1er edaonmtd h Rei gthWoto rk 158
5.T2h Rei gthoPt r oteAcgtaiiUonnnse tm ployment 162
5.T3h Cea mpafiroTg rand Uen iRoing hts 168
5.U4n iSohno Sptsr,i aknLedes v,oe fIl msp lementation 147
5.C5o ndi:"t Hiuomnasn ILNsao batoM uerr chandise" 181
Chap6t:Se orc Sieaclyu E,rd iutcaatniCdou nl,t ure 191
6.F1od o,Cl othinga,n MdHe oduiCscaiarnleg , 192
6.Tr2o ubwliettshh Pe h r"aSsoeSc eicaulr ity" 199
6.T3h e RtioFg uhltls DevEedluocpamateniCndout nl,,t ure 201
6.T4h Dei stiBnecttwi"eoOenlna d n""d N eHwu"m aRni ghts 222
6.T5h Oer gaUnniioctft y h Deo ucment 232
Chap7tD:eu rt aineCdso mmunities 239
71. TDhuet aineCdso mmunoifAt ritei2sc9 l e 241
72.P rotetchFteai mniMglo yt,h erahnoCdoh ldid,h ood 252
73.T he RoifRg ehltisag niEdod uusc atCioomnmaulni ties 258
�4. ThOem isosfaiS opne cMiianloR riigtAhyrt tsi cle 269
Chap8tA:er rt i1tc,hl Peer eamabnltdeh Ee,n lightenment 281
8.A1B argAabionGu otad n Nda ture 284
8."2I nhe"rIennatl,i"ae nn"daB bnol"re ," 290
8.R3e asaon"ndt Choen scoifMe annckei nd" 296
8.T4h Rei gthoPt est iatniRdoe ebnl lion 302
8.H5u maRni gahsMt esa annsEd n ds 313
8.T6h e DecalnaHdru amtaRinio gnh ts Education 302
AppendTihxUen: i veDrescallao rfHa utmiaoRnni ghts
witGhu iatd oDe i scuosfSs pieocnTiospfi icac nsAd r ticles 329
Notes 337
Acknowledgments 397
IntroductiTohne:D eclaratiaotnF ifty
Iitis n evitthaaad btol ceu mleitnkhteUe n iversalo fHD uemcalRnaih rgtsasht oiuolnd
raiqsuee staibootnuhste poosfs itbbhieeliruinentg iy v vearlsuaelqs u.e sTthiiosn ing
starbteoefrdte h deo cumweanestv efinn ishhaecsdo ,n titnotu hedidas ay n,wd i ll
probnaebvleyr end.
In1 497t hUNe HumaRni ghts Cotmhwmaritos ttshDeiee o cnl aratiao n received
lonmge morafnrdoutmmhA em eriAcnatnh ropAoslsoogci(icAAaaAtlT)i h.oAAe nA
wawso rraibeotduh tpe r obolfee tmh noce(nhtorltidhsivemna glo ufoe nseo 'wscn u l
tuaress upetroti hooros foe t hceurle tsuI)rit.hs a rtdoa vomiadk ientgh nocentric
judgmbeenctaswu egs reo uwpw itthhv ea loufoe usor w n gorrso oucpyi a,e nwtde
almnoesvtse trto oap n altyhzeTemh .ip rso coefes nsc ultausrt haAetA iAto ontl,hd e
Commisis"sis sooun b,at nlidete ,sff escoft as-r reacthhioanntgal ,fy t ceorn siderable
traianrwieenc go nsciiotu.s" 1o f
Thaen thropboelloigteihvstaethtdHse u maRni gChotmsm iswsaiisndo ann ger
ofma kisnugce ht hnocentriitnch Iejn utdegrmnBeaintltiRlsoi ngoaAhflstt sh.se ayw
it, pr"ithmteaa rstykh "e dfrcaaefwdta etsrofi s n ads oluttoti hofenlo lowpiornbg
le"mH:o cwa tnh per opoDseecdl abreaat pipolnit coa hbaullmelab ne ianngndso t
beas tateomfre ingctho tsn ceoinviletnyde romvfsa lpureesv ialtneh cneot u notfr ies
WestEeurrno pAem earnid(c .ap1 ?1"6T) h.AAe A wawso rrtihetadhtp i rso bhlaedm
nog oosdo lution.
Thaen throphoilgohglitishgtsrhp etreeo dp osfirott hiCeoo nmsm istsopi oonn
de:r( 1")hT ei ndividuhailps e rresaotlnhiarzloeiustg cyhu lhthiuesrn erc,eee s cpt
froi ndivdiidffuearlee nntcraeeipssl escf rotc ultduirffeaenlrc" e;(s2 ")R esfpoerc t
differbeentcwecesue lnt iuvsra elsi dbaytt hseecd i efncattti hfinacot t echnoifq ue
qualiteavtailvuceaultlyit hnuagrbs ee sed ni sceodva"en;r(d 3 ")S tanadnavdra dlsu es
arree lattoti hvceeu ltfurrowemh itchhed ye rsiovt eh aantay t tetmofp rotm ulate
postutlhagatrteo oswu o tft hbee elfoisrm orcaold eosn ceou fl tmuutrst eto ha.et x
tednett rforamct th e applaincDyae bcillaiortfaHy tu imooaRfnni ghmtasn kdtai osn
aw hol(ee"m phaadsddi.e)Bs e hitnhdep sreo posliattyhi eo ncso ntvh"iawctht aiton
ihse ltdob eah umarni gihnot n seo cimaebyte y regaasar ndteid-b syao ncoitahle r
peopolrbe y, stahmepe e oiplnade i ffepreeorndoit f thheiis.rt2" o ry
Deepndionnhg o wwe i ntetrhpperhr eat"s teto h at eixntth een pttr"ho iprods i
tionC,o mtmhiesw saeisio tnah sekrte obd ee xtrecmaerlesyfoa u snl ot tor ecommend
merWeelsyt evranlt uote hsre e osft wtohreol rwd a,ps o littotelhldiay wtt a tsr ytihneg
squtahrceei racnltdeh t ahtje oi bht a bde en bgyti hvEeec no noamnSidoc c lCi oaun-
