The United States and the Rule of Law in International Affairs

379 Pages·2004·1.68 MB·English

by  John F. Murphy

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The United States and the Rule of Law
in International Affairs
JohnMurphyoffersacarefulandinsightfulanalysisofwhytheUnited
Statesdoesnotalwaysaccepttheruleoflawininternationalaffairs,even
thoughithasmadeimmensecontributionstoitscreation,adoption,and
implementation. Examining the reasons for this failure, John Murphy
analysesanumberofcases,nottomakeacasethattheUnitedStateshas
beenaninternationaloutlaw,buttoillustratethewide-rangingdifficul-
tiesstandinginthewayofUSadherencetotheruleoflaw.Heexplains
howthenatureoftheUSlegalsystemandtheidiosyncrasiesoftheinter-
nationallegalprocesscombinetocompoundproblemsfortheUnited
States,andheexploresseveralalternativescenariosforthepositionof
theUnitedStatesvis-a`-visinternationallaw.Thistimelybookoffersa
much needed examination of US attitudes and practices and makes a
majorcontributiontothecontemporaryliteratureoninternationallaw
andinternationalrelations.
 .  is Professor of International Law and Business,
VillanovaUniversitySchoolofLaw,Pennsylvania.Heisauthorored-
itor of numerous books and monographs and has served as a consul-
tant to the US Departments of State and Justice, the American Bar
AssociationCommitteeonLawandNationalSecurity,andtheUnited
NationsCrimeBureau.HeiscurrentlytheAmericanBarAssociation’s
AlternateObserverattheUSmissiontotheUnitedNations.

The United States and
the Rule of Law in
International Affairs
John F. Murphy
  
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge  , UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521822565
© John F. Murphy 2004
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2004
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To Arthur T. Downey, nonpareil international
lawyer, matchless friend

Contents
Acknowledgments page viii
Introduction 1
1. Lawandlegalprocessininternationalaffairs 11
2. ThestatusofinternationallawunderUSlaw 74
3. UNdues 116
4. Useofforce 142
5. Armscontrol,disarmament,nonproliferation,and
safeguards 207
6. Thelawofthesea 226
7. TheInternationalCourtofJustice 250
8. Prevention,prosecution,andpunishmentof
internationalcrimes 284
9. Humanrightsandinternationalenvironmentalissues 325
10. Summaryandconclusions,andsomepossiblefuture
scenarios 349
Index 361
vii
Acknowledgments
This book has been three years in the making. Along the way I have
had the great good fortune to have the assistance and encouragement
of some long-standing friends who also happen to be first-rate interna-
tionallawyers.RichardB.Bilder,ArthurT.Downey,andJohnLawrence
Hargrove were colleagues of mine when I was an attorney in the Office
of the Legal Adviser, US Department of State, during the 1960s. All
have gone on to great success in various endeavors and have remained
goodfriends.Eachhasmadeamajorcontributiontothisbookbyreading
andcommentingondraftchapters,advancingnumeroussuggestionsfor
improvement,andencouragingmetoseetheprojectthroughtocomple-
tion. Henry H. Perritt, Jr., a former colleague of mine at the Villanova
UniversitySchoolofLaw,nowattheChicago-KentSchoolofLaw,also
read draft chapters and provided helpful comments. Larry D. Johnson,
former Legal Adviser to the International Atomic Energy Agency and
currentChefdeCabinet,OfficeofthePresident,InternationalCriminal
TribunalfortheformerYugoslavia,providedextremelyhelpfulcomments
on the section in chapter 5 discussing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty. I am deeply grateful to all five of these gentlemen, although it
should be understood that none is responsible for any errors or infelici-
touslanguagetheremaybeinthisbook.Soleresponsibilityfortheselies
withme.
I am also grateful to Dean Mark A. Sargent for steadfast support of
scholarship and other intellectual activities at the Villanova University
SchoolofLaw.Similarly,IamgratefultoWilliamJames,AssociateDean
forInformationServicesatVillanova,andhisexcellentstafffornumerous
services.Mysecretary,TerriLaverghetta,hashelpedmeinsomanyways
inmyworkonthisbookthatIhavelostcountofthem.Ihavebenefited
greatly, to understate the matter, from the good work of my research
assistants – Alexis Cocco, Kevin Jarboe, Brya Keilson, Andrew Kenis,
CharlesKocher,andHeathLynch.
viii