The Triumph of the Dark: European International History, 1933-1939 (Oxford History of Modern Europe)

1237 Pages·2011·6.77 MB·English

by  Zara Steiner

OXFORD HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE
General Editors
LORD BULLOCK and SIRWILLIAM DEAKIN
Oxford History of Modern Europe
THE LIGHTS THAT FAILED
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL HISTORY 1919–1933
zara steiner
IRELAND
THE POLITICS OF ENMITY 1789–2006
paul bew
BULGARIA
r. j. crampton
A PEOPLE APART
A POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN
EUROPE 1789–1939
david vital
THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 1801–1917
hugh seton-watson
THE STRUGGLE FOR MASTERY IN EUROPE 1848–1918
a. j. p. taylor
THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPEAN POLITICS
1763–1848
paul w. schroeder
THE LOW COUNTRIES 1780–1940
e. h. crossman
GERMANY 1866–1945
gordon a. craig
T H E T R I U M P H O F
THE DARK
EUROPEAN
INTERNATIONAL HISTORY
1933–1939
ZARA STEINER
1
3
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CONTENTS
ListofMaps ix
ListofTables x
ListofAbbreviations xii
Prologue 1
Part I. Retreat from Internationalism, 1933–1938
1. BrownDawn:TheRiseofHitlerandtheDeathof
Disarmament,1933–1934 9
2. UncertainEmbraces:TheEuropeanPowersand
NaziGermany,1934–1935 62
3. TheAssaultonVersaillesandLocarno:Ethiopiaandthe
RemilitarizationoftheRhineland 100
4. TheRemnantsofInternationalism,1936–1938 167
5. TheSpanishCockpit,1936–1937 181
6. ‘LoadedPause’:RearmamentandAppeasement,1936–1937 252
7. IllusionsofNeutrality:EasternEurope,1936–1938 359
8. WhithertheSovietUnion?MoscowandtheWest,1936–1938 414
9. ThunderfromtheEast:TheSino-JapaneseConflictand
theEuropeanPowers,1933–1938 474
10. HitlerMoves:AustriaandCzechoslovakia,1938 552
11. TheMunichSettlement 610
Part II. The Road to Hitler’s War, 1938–1939
12. TheFogofPeace:StrategicChoicesafterMunich 671
13. BlackSun:AggressionandDeterrence 727
14. DarkeningSkies:PeaceTalkingandWarPlanningin
BritainandFrance 765
15. UnleashingtheDogsofWar 832
16. RedClouds:TheSovietUnionandtheNazi–SovietPact,1939 867
viii CONTENTS
17. EscapefromWarorPersecution?TheSmallerPowersand
theJews 923
18. TheNightmareoftheDark:TheDecisionsforWar 995
Conclusion 1036
Epilogue 1058
Appendices 1068
A. StatisticalTables 1068
B. PrimeMinistersandForeignMinistersofSelectedEuropeanPowers 1073
C. ChronologyofInternationalEvents,1933–1941 1077
GeneralBibliography 1082
Index 1117
LIST OF MAPS
1. Germany:TerritorialAcquisitionsandFrontierChanges
1935–March1939 11
2. Hoare–LavalProposals,1935
BasedonmapfromMartinGilbert,RecentHistoryAtlas,
1860–1960(London,1977),51 124
3. TheRhinelandDemilitarisedZone1935 143
4. SpainduringtheSpanishCivilWar 182
5. EasternEurope,1933–1938 361
6. EastAsia1931–1939 475
7. PotentialSovietAerialSupportforCzechoslovakia,
September1938
BasedonmapprovidedbyCol.DavidM.Glantz(ret.) 620
8. SovietMilitaryMobilization,September1938
BasedonmapprovidedbyCol.DavidM.Glantz(ret.) 621
9. TheDismembermentofCzechoslovakia,1938–1939 688
10. TheBritishEmpireinthe1930s 796
11. TheFrenchEmpireinthe1930s
BasedonmapfromRobertAldrich,GreaterFrance:
AHistoryofOverseasExpansion(Basingstoke,1996) 797
12. DistributionofBritishTroops,1January1938
BasedonmapfromBrianBond,BritishMilitary
PolicybetweentheTwoWorldWars(Oxford,1980) 801
13. TheFreeCityofDanzig,1919–1939 840
14. TheNazi–SovietPact,23August1939
BasedonmapfromMartinGilbert,
RecentHistoryAtlas,1860–1960(London,1977),62 911
15. EuropeontheEveofWar,1939
AdaptedfromMichaelJabaraCarley,1939:
TheAlliancethatNeverWasandtheComingof
WorldWarII(Chicago,1999) 994