The training anthology of Śāntideva: a translation of the Śikṣā-samuccaya

513 Pages·2016·2.39 MB·English

by  Charles Goodman

The Training Anthology
of Śāntideva

The Training
Anthology
of  ntideva
Śā
A Translation of the
ikṣ - samuccaya
Ś ā
z
Translated by
CHARLES GOODMAN
1
1
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Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
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© Oxford University Press 2016
In addition to other sources of the original text, this translation uses Sanskrit text from Śikṣā-
samuccaya of Śāntideva, first edition edited by Dr. P. L. Vaidya, second edition edited by Dr.
Sridhar Tripathi, published by The Mithila Institute, 1960; 1999
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Santideva, active 7th century, author. | Goodman, Charles, 1975-
editor, translator.
Title: The training anthology of Santideva : a translation of the
Siksa-samuccaya / Translated by Charles Goodman.
Other titles: Siksasamuccaya. English
Description: New York : Oxford University Press, 2016. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015044389 (print) | LCCN 2015047765 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780199391349 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780199391356 (pbk. : alk.
paper) | ISBN 9780199391363 (updf) | ISBN 9780199391370 (epub)
Classification: LCC BQ3242.E5 G66 2016 (print) | LCC BQ3242.E5 (ebook) | DDC
294.3/85—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015044389
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Paperback printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America
Hardback printed by Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., United States of America
Contents
List of Abbreviations  vii
The Training Anthology in Its Cultural and Religious Contexts  ix
Śāntideva’s Life: History and Legends ix
The Great Journey to Awakening xii
The Indian Buddhist Monastery as a Social Institution xviii
The Cultural World of Śāntideva: Some Major Features xxiii
The Structure of the Training Anthology xxvii
The Supreme Worship xxviii
The Training Anthology Today xxx
The Philosophy of the Training Anthology  xxxv
Reason, Emotion, and Rhetoric xxxv
Ethical Theory xxxvii
Lexical Priority of Values xlviii
Plants, Animals, and the Environment l
Theory of Well- Being lii
No- Self, Causation, and Emptiness liv
Notes on the Translation  lix
Root Verses of the Training Anthology  lxxiii
1. The Perfection of Generosity  1
2. Upholding the Holy Dharma  38
3. Protecting the Dharma Teacher and So On  49
4. Giving Up What Is Harmful  63
vi Contents
5. Giving Up What Is Harmful through the Perfection of Moral Discipline  100
6. Protecting the Body  116
7. Protecting Possessions and Goodness  139
8. Clearing Away Vile Actions  155
9. The Perfection of Patient Endurance  177
10. The Perfection of Perseverance  186
11. Praise of the Wilderness  190
12. Preparing the Mind  199
13. The Applications of Mindfulness  222
14. Purifying the Body  233
15. Purifying Possessions and Goodness  255
16. The Ritual of Good Conduct  261
17. Benefits of Reverential Actions  279
18. Recollection of the Three Jewels  294
19. Enhancing Goodness  323
Appendix A: Training Anthology Ch. 18, B. 344– 347, Tibetan Version  339
Appendix B: Partial List of Translation Choices  349
Appendix C: Texts Quoted in the Training Anthology of Śāntideva  351
Notes  361
Works Cited  421
Index  425
List of Abbreviations
BCA Vaidya, P. L., ed. 1988. Bodhicaryāvatāra of Śāntideva with the commentary
Pañjikā of Prajñākaramati. Darbhanga: Mithila Institute. English verses
cited are usually quoted or adapted from Crosby and Skilton, trans. 1995.
The Bodhicaryāvatāra. New York: Oxford World’s Classics.
DN Dīgha- Nikāya. See Maurice Walshe, trans. 1995. The Long Discourses of the
Buddha. Boston: Wisdom Publications.
Edg. Edgerton, Franklin. 1998 (first published 1953). Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Grammar and Dictionary, vol. 2. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
ITD Duff, Tony. 2000– 2014. Illuminator Tibetan- English Encyclopedic
Dictionary. Mac edition. Kathmandu: Padma Karpo Translation
Committee.
MN Majjhima- Nikāya. See Bhikkhu Ñānamoli and Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans.
1995. The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha. Boston: Wisdom
Publications.
MW Monier- Williams, Monier. 1995 (first published 1899). Sanskrit- English
Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
NTD Nītārtha Online Tibetan- English Dictionary, http:// www.nitartha.org//
home.html.
PLV Dr. P. L. Vaidya. See Skt.
PT Peking Bstan ‘gyur, dbu ma ki. Draft of electronic edition, prepared by
Central University of Tibetan Studies; on file with the author.
Skt. The Sanskrit language, or the Sanskrit text used for this
translation: Vaidya, P.L., ed. 1999. Śikṣā- samuccaya of Śāntideva. 2nd
edition Tripathi, Sridhar, ed. Darbhanga: Mithila Institute.
SR Samādhi- rāja- sūtra
Tib. The Tibetan language, or the primary Tibetan text used for this
translation: Sde dge Bstan ‘gyur, dbu ma khi. Delhi Karmapae Chodhey,
Gyelwae Sungrab Partun Khang, 1985. Electronic edition, Tibetan
Buddhist Resource Center.

The Training Anthology in Its Cultural
and Religious Contexts
Śāntideva’s Life: History and Legends
The original author of the Training Anthology was a North Indian monk named
Śāntideva. He is known and revered mostly for his other major work, the
Bodhicaryāvatāra: a summary, in beautiful verse, of the spiritual path of the
Mahāyāna form of Buddhism, of this religion’s distinctive doctrines, and of many
of its most powerful meditation practices. The book’s title means, on one plausible
interpretation, the Introduction to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life (so henceforth, I will
sometimes refer to this text as the Introduction, or often, just as BCA). Other schol-
ars have translated this title differently, rendering it as, for example, A Guide to the
Bodhisattva Way of Life1 or The Way of the Bodhisattva.
Other than what we can glean from his books, we have little reliable evidence
about the events in the life of Śāntideva. As is regrettably common in the study of
pre-I slamic India, we do not even have very precise information about the dates of
his life. Crosby and Skilton state that “he may have lived sometime between 685
and 763 ce.”2 One of our best pieces of evidence for this dating is offered by Embar
Krishnamacharya, who points out that another Buddhist philosopher, Śāntarakṣita, in
his Tattvasiddhi, quotes a full verse from the Introduction.3 Now we have good chrono-
logical information about Śāntarakṣita from Tibetan sources: we know, for example,
that he made two trips to Tibet, and founded the great monastery of Samye (bsam yas)
on the second of these. Śāntarakṣita’s second trip is standardly dated to 763,4 so we
can conclude that the Introduction must have been composed before that date.
1. Wallace and Wallace 1997.

2. Crosby and Skilton 1995, front matter.
3. Krishnamacharya 1984, pp. xii– xiv.
4. See, e.g., Blumenthal 2004, p. 25. Note that Krishnamacharya, eccentrically, dates this
first trip to 743 ce.