Table Of ContentTHE TOKUGAWA WORLD
With over 60 contributions, The Tokugawa World presents the latest scholarship
on early modern Japan from an international team of specialists in a volume that is
unmatched in its breadth and scope.
In its early modern period, under the Tokugawa shoguns, Japan was a world
apart. For over two centuries the shogun’s subjects were forbidden to travel abroad
and few outsiders were admitted. Yet in this period, Japan evolved as a nascent capit-
alist society that could rapidly adjust to its incorporation into the world system after
its forced “opening” in the 1850s. The Tokugawa World demonstrates how Japan’s
early modern society took shape and evolved: a world of low and high cultures,
comic books and Confucian academies, soba restaurants and imperial music recitals,
rigid enforcement of social hierarchy yet also ongoing resistance to class oppression.
A world of outcastes, puppeteers, herbal doctors, samurai officials, businesswomen,
scientists, scholars, blind lutenists, peasant rebels, tea-masters, sumo wrestlers, and
wage workers.
Covering a variety of features of the Tokugawa world including the physical land-
scape, economy, art and literature, religion and thought, and education and science,
this volume is essential reading for all students and scholars of early modern Japan.
Gary P. Leupp is Professor of History, Tufts University, author of Servants, Shophands
and Laborers in the Cities of Tokugawa Japan (1989); Male Colors: The Construction
of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan (1993); Interracial Intimacy: Japanese Women
and Western Men, 1543–1900 (2001), and other works on class, gender, and ethnicity
in Japanese history.
De-min Tao is Professor Emeritus at Kansai University, Japan, author of A Study of
the Kaitokudō Neo-Confucianism (J. 1994); Yoshida Shōin and Commodore Perry:
A Multilingual Study of the 1854 Shimoda Incident (2020); and An Alternative
Image of Naitō Konan: 20 Years of Research about the Naitō Collection at Kansai
University Library (J. 2021)
THE ROUTLEDGE WORLDS
THE SWAHILI WORLD
Edited by Stephanie Wynne-Jones and Adria LaViolette
THE MEDIEVAL WORLD, SECOND EDITION
Edited by Peter Linehan, Janet L. Nelson, and Marios Costambeys
THE ELAMITE WORLD
Edited by Javier Álvarez-Mon, Gian Pietro Basello and Yasmina Wicks
THE FIN-DE-SIÈCLE WORLD
Edited by Michael Saler
THE GNOSTIC WORLD
Edited by Garry W. Trompf, Gunner B. Mikkelsen and Jay Johnston
THE ANDEAN WORLD
Edited by Linda J. Seligmann and Kathleen Fine-Dare
THE SYRIAC WORLD
Edited by Daniel King
THE FAIRY TALE WORLD
Edited by Andrew Teverson
THE MELANESIAN WORLD
Edited by Eric Hirsch and Will Rollason
THE MING WORLD
Edited by Kenneth M. Swope
THE GOTHIC WORLD
Edited by Glennis Byron and Dale Townshend
THE IBERIAN WORLD
Edited by Fernando Bouza, Pedro Cardim, and Antonio Feros
THE MAYA WORLD
Edited by Scott Hutson and Traci Ardren
THE WORLD OF THE OXUS CIVILIZATION
Edited by Bertille Lyonnet and Nadezhda Dubova
THE GRAECO-BACTRIAN AND INDO-GREEK WORLD
Edited by Rachel Mairs
THE UMAYYAD WORLD
Edited by Andrew Marsham
THE ASANTE WORLD
Edited by Edmund Abaka and Kwame Osei Kwarteng
THE SAFAVID WORLD
Edited by Rudi Matthee
THE BIBLICAL WORLD, SECOND EDITION
Edited by Katharine J. Dell
THE TOKUGAWA WORLD
Edited by Gary P. Leupp and De-min Tao
https://www.routledge.com/ Routledge- Worlds/ book- series/W ORLDS
T H E
T O K U G AWA
W O R L D
rsr
Edited by
Gary P. Leupp and De-min Tao
First published 2022
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2022 selection and editorial matter, Gary P. Leupp and De-min Tao;
individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Gary P. Leupp and De-min Tao to be identified as the authors of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and
are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Leupp, Gary P., editor. | Tao, Demin, 1951– editor.
Title: The Tokugawa world / edited by Gary P. Leupp, and De-min Tao.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, [2021] |
Series: Routledge worlds | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021008191 | ISBN 9781138936850 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781032057231 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003198888 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Japan—History—Tokugawa period, 1600–1868. |
Japan—Social life and customs—1600–1868.
Classification: LCC DS871 .T565 2021 | DDC 952/.025—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021008191
ISBN: 978-1-138-93685-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-05723-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-19888-8 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003198888
Typeset in Sabon
by codeMantra
CONTENTS
rsr
List of figures xi
List of maps xvii
List of tables xviii
List of contributors xix
Preface xxv
Introduction 1
PART I NATIONAL REUNIFICATION, 1563–1603 5
1 The three unifiers of the state (tenka): Nobunaga (1534–82),
Hideyoshi (1536–98), and Ieyasu (1543–1616) 7
Fujita Tatsuo 藤田達生
2 Japan’s invasions of Korea in 1592–98 and the Hideyoshi regime 23
Nam-Lin Hur
3 The life and afterlife of Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616) 46
Morgan Pitelka
PART II THE PHYSICAL LANDSCAPE 61
4 Water management in Tokugawa Japan 63
Murata Michihito 村田路人
5 The King Yu legend and flood control in Tokugawa Japan 80
Wang Min 王敏
6 Earthquakes in historical context 99
Gregory Smits
v
— Contents —
7 The center of the shogun’s realm: building Nihonbashi 117
Timon Screech
PART III TOKUGAWA SOCIETY 135
8 The samurai in Tokugawa Japan 137
Constantine Vaporis
9 Villages and farmers in the Tokugawa period 159
Watanabe Takashi 渡辺尚志
10 Popular movements in the Edo period: peasants, peasant
uprisings, and the development of lawful petitions 175
Taniyama Masamichi 谷山正道
11 Coastal whaling and its impact on early modern Japan 200
Jakobina Arch
12 Outcastes and their social roles in Tokugawa Japan 213
Maren Ehlers
PART IV FAMILY, GENDER, SEXUALITY, AND
REPRODUCTION 231
13 Women in cities and towns 233
Amy Stanley
14 Childhood in Tokugawa Japan 249
Kristin Williams
15 Growing small bodies at the point of skin: young children’s
bodies and health in sacred skinscape 271
William Lindsey
PART V TOKUGAWA ECONOMY 285
16 Food fights, but it’s always for fun in early modern Japan 287
Eric Rath
17 The silk weavers of Nishijin: wage-laborers in the
Tokugawa world 304
Gary P. Leupp
18 The marketing of urban human waste and urban-fringe
agriculture around the Tokugawa cities 322
Tajima Kayo 田島夏与
vi
— Contents —
PART VI TOKUGAWA JAPAN IN THE WORLD 335
19 Japan and the world in Tokugawa maps 337
Kären Wigen
20 Nihonmachi in Southeast Asia in the late sixteenth
and early seventeenth centuries 350
Travis Seifman
21 Rethinking Ezo-chi, the Ainu, and Tokugawa Japan in a
global perspective 370
Noémi Godefroy
22 The opening of the Tokugawa world and Japan’s foreign
relations: the visits of Korean embassies to Japan 405
Nakao Hiroshi 仲尾宏
23 Early modern Ryukyu between China and Japan 420
Watanabe Miki 渡辺 美季
24 Dutch East India Company relations with Tokugawa Japan 442
Adam Clulow
25 The presence of black people in Japan during the Edo period 453
Fujita Midori 藤田緑
26 Seventeenth-century Chinese émigrés and Sino-Japanese
cultural exchanges 470
Shing-Ching Shyu 徐興慶
27 Selective Sakoku? Tantalizing hints of the Japanese in China after the
Tokugawa maritime prohibition 485
Xing Hang 杭行
28 Tokugawa Japan and the rise of modern racial thought in the West 501
Rotem Kowner
PART VII THE PERFORMING ARTS AND SPORT 517
29 The musical world of Tokugawa Japan 519
Alison Tokita
30 Visual disability and musical culture in Edo-period Japan 543
Gerald Groemer
31 Tominaga Nakamoto (1715–46) and Gagaku (court music) 560
Intō Kazuhiro 印藤和寛
vii
— Contents —
32 Staging senseless violence: early jōruri puppet theater and
the culture of performance 578
Keller Kimbrough
33 Rural kabuki and the imagination of Japanese identity in the
late Tokugawa Period 594
William Fleming
34 Sumo wrestling in the Tokugawa period 611
Lee Thompson
PART VIII ART AND LITERATURE 625
35 Shunga in Tokugawa society and culture 627
Andrew Gerstle
36 Uses of shunga and ukiyo-e in the Tokugawa period 647
Hayakawa Monta 早川聞多
37 The two paths of love in the fiction of Ihara Saikaku 668
David Gundry
38 Furuta Oribe: controversial daimyo tea-master 685
Kaminishi Ikumi 上西郁美
39 Grass booklets and the roots of manga: comic books in
the Tokugawa period 705
Glynne Walley
40 An iconology of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering: image, text,
and communities in Tokugawa-era Japan 730
Kazuko Kameda-Madar 亀田和子
41 The folk worldview of Chronicles of the Eight
Dog Heroes of the Satomi Clan of Nansō 747
Inoue Atsushi 井上厚史
42 Okakura Kakuzō and the Osaka Painting Schools of the
Tokugawa era 764
Nakatani Nobuo 中谷伸生
43 The rise and fall and spring of haiku 781
Adam L. Kern
PART IX RELIGION AND THOUGHT 799
44 Christians, Christianity, and Kakure Kirishitan in Japan (1549–1868) 801
Jan Leuchtenberger
viii
— Contents —
45 Pilgrimage in Tokugawa Japan 815
Barbara Ambros
46 Structuring the canon: exceptionalism and Kokugaku 830
Mark McNally
47 The image of Susanoo in Hirata Atsutane’s Koshiden 844
Tajiri Yūichirō 田尻祐一郎
48 Itō Jinsai and the origins of Classical Learning (Kogaku) 855
Tsuchida Kenjirō 土田健次郎
49 Mapping intellectual history: the neo-Confucian schools of Zhu Xi,
Wang Yangming, and Ogyū Sorai as mirrored in Islamic thought 872
Kojima Yasunori 小島康敬
50 Emperor-centrism and the historiography of the Mito School 888
Kojima Tsuyoshi 小島毅
51 Heigaku and bushidō: military thought in the Tokugawa world 902
Maeda Tsutomu 前田勉
52 Confucian views of life and death 925
Takahashi Fumihiro 高橋文博
PART X EDUCATION AND SCIENCE 945
53 Tokugawa popular education 947
Brian Platt
54 The Greater Learning for Women and women’s moral
education in Tokugawa Japan 965
Yabuta Yutaka 藪田貫
55 “Reading” of the Chinese classics and the history of thought
in the Edo period 983
Nakamura Shunsaku 中村春作
56 Health, disease, and epidemics in late Tokugawa Japan 999
William Johnston
57 Doctors and herbal medicine in Tokugawa Japan 1016
Machi Senjurō 町泉寿郎
58 The history of natural history in Tokugawa Japan 1038
Federico Marcon
59 Attitudes toward celestial events in Tokugawa Japan 1054
Sugi Takeshi 杉岳志
ix
