Table Of ContentThe Theory of Reasoned Action:
Its Application To Aids-Preventive Behaviour
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INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Series Editor: MICHAEL ARGYLE, University of Oxford
New Series Editor from Volume 29: W. PETER ROBINSON, University of Bristol
Other titles in the series include:
HOLLIN and TROWER
Handbook of Social Skills Training Volume 1
Handbook of Social Skills Training Volume 2
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Communicating by Telephone
BULL
Posture and Gesture
FURNHAM
Lay Theories: Everyday Understanding of Problems in the Social Sciences
scon and scon
Adaption of Immigrants
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Intuitive Predictions and Professional Forecasts
STRACK, ARGYLE and SCHWARZ
Subjective Well-Being
FORGAS
Emotion and Social Judgements
ALBERT
Genius and Eminence, 2nd Edition
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The Psychology of Gambling
LlEBRAND, MESSICK and WILKE
Social Dilemmas: Theoretical Issues and Research Findings
SCHNEIDER
Childrens Social Competence in Context
WILSON and GALLOIS
Assertion and its Social Context
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The Theory of Reasoned Action:
Its Application To Aids-Preventive Behaviour
Edited by
DEBORAH J. TERRY, CYNTHIA GALLOIS and MALCOLM
McCAMISH
University of Queensland, Australia
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD • NEW YORK • SEOUL • TOKYO
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U.K. Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall,
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Copyright © 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any fonn
or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
pennission in writing from the publishers.
First edition 1993
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The theory of reasoned action: its application to AIDS-preventive
behaviourl edited by Deborah J. Terry, Cynthia Gallois, and
Malcolm McCamish. -- 1st ed.
p. cm. --(International series in experimental social psychology; v.
28)
Includes bibliographical references.
J. AIDS (Disease)--Prevention--Congresses. 2. Safe sex in AIDS
prevention--Congresses. 3. Health behavior--Congresses. 4.
Health attitudes--Congresses. 5. Australia. I. Terry, Deborah
J. II. Gallois, Cynthia. III. McCamish, Malcolm. IV. Series.
[DNLM: I. HIV Infections--prevention and control--Australia-
congresses. 2. Sex Behavior--Australia--congresses. 3.
Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice--congresses. WD 308 T396
1993]
RA644.A25T46 1993
616.97'9205--dc20
DNLMIDLC
ISBN 0-D8-041932-1-
Printed and bound in Great Britain by BPCC Wheatons Ltd, Exeter
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Contents
PREFACE lX
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Xlll
INTRODUCTION BY MARTIN FISHBEIN xv
1. The Theory of Reasoned Action and Health Care
Behaviour
Deborah Terry, Cynthia Gallois, and Malcolm McCamish
2. Applying the Theory of Reasoned Action to the Prediction
of AIDS-Preventive Behaviour 29
Virginia J. Lewis and Y oshihisa Kashima
3. Influences on Condom Use among Undergraduates:
Testing the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned
Behaviour 47
Joe Nucifora, Cynthia Gallois, and Yoshihisa Kashima
4. Predicting AIDS-Preventive Behaviour among
Adolescents 65
Susan M. Moore, Doreen A. Rosenthal, and Jennifer Boldero
5. Attitudes Towards Condoms and the Theory of Reasoned
Action 81
Michael W. Ross and Mary-Louise McLaws
v
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vi Author Index
6. The Theory of Reasoned Action as Applied to AIDS
Prevention for Australian Ethnic Groups 93
Ken Rigby, Birota Dietz and Stuart Sturgess
7. Extending the Theory of Reasoned Action: The Role of
Health Beliefs 117
Peta Warwick, Deborah Terry, and Cynthia Gallois
8. Self-Efficacy Expectancies and the Theory of Reasoned
Action 135
Deborah Terry
9. Theory of Reasoned Action and the Role of Perceived
Risk in the Study of Safer Sex 153
Perri Timmins, Cynthia Gallois, Deborah Terry,
Malcolm McCamish and Y oshihisa Kashima
10. Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action to the
Measurement of Condom Use among Gay Men 169
Mary-Louise McLaws, Brian Oldenburg and Michael W. Ross
11. A Theory Based Intervention: The Theory of Reasoned
Action in Action 185
Malcolm McCamish, Perri Timmins, Deborah Terry and
Cynthia Gallois
12. The Theory of Reasoned Action and Problem-Focused
Research 207
Y oshihisa Kashima and Cynthia Gallois
13. On the Need to Mind the Gap: On-Line versus off-Line
Cognitions Underlying Sexual Risk Taking 227
Ron S. Gold
14. Flaws in the Theory of Reasoned Action 253
Susan Kippax and June Crawford
EPILOGUE 271
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Author Index vii
REFERENCES 277
AUTHOR INDEX 315
SUBJECT INDEX 323
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Preface
When AIDS first appeared in Australia in late 1982, the response from
the community, particularly the gay community, was immediate; AIDS
councils were soon set up in every major city in the country to deal with
education, prevention, and support for people with AIDS. Government
bodies were somewhat slower to act, but by the end of 1985, the Australian
Government had established priorities, policy formulation was underway,
and some programs were in place.
Since the first Australian death from AIDS in 1983, the pattern of
infections, largely in the gay community but with some cases resulting
from contaminated blood products, identified us as what WHO was later
to classify as a Pattern I country (i.e., a country where the majority of
people are infected with HIV are gay or bisexual men). Australia is perhaps
the only remaining classic Pattern I country in the world. With more
than 16,000 notifications of HIV infection as of 30 September, 1992, the
very large majority, more than 80%, have been infected through male
homosexual or bisexual contact. Eight percent of notified infections have
been through injecting drug use (one-third of whom have also had male-to
male sexual contact), heterosexual contact accounts for just over 5 %, while
those infected through contaminated blood or blood products, including
haemophiliacs, account for a further 5.2%. With infected women forming
less than 5% of the case load, the number of paediatric cases where
transmission has occurred from an infected mother is understandably low,
less than 0.5%. Similarly, the number of reported diagnoses for those
between the ages of 13 and 19 is just over 2% of the total. Thus, the
changing epidemiology of other Pattern I countries (see Lewis & Kashima,
this volume) is almost imperceptible in Australia.
While it would be wrong and indeed dangerous to underestimate the
potential threat to injecting drug users, certain groups of heterosexuals
and young people, it is important to acknowledge the important place pre
vention has had on the Australian health agenda. Australia was the first
country in the world to establish universal screening of the national blood
supply. Through a variety of national committees, AIDS was successfully
removed from the party-political agenda, so that a number of otherwise
ix
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