Table Of Content植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 ,33 ( ):
摇 2011 5 465~476
Plant Diversity and Resources :
摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 DOI 10.3724/SP.J.1143.2011.11075
单种属弥勒苣苔属系统位置研究: 基于分子和细胞学数据*
谭 英 , , 王 智 , , 隋学艺 , , 胡光万 ,
1 2 1 3 1 4 1
摇 摇
5,6, 龙春林1,6**
MOTLEY Timothy
中国科学院昆明植物研究所 云南昆明 中国科学院研究生院 北京 西南林业大学林学院
(1 , 摇 650201; 2 , 摇 100049; 3 ,
云南昆明 云南农业大学农学院 云南昆明 奥多明尼奥大学生物学部
摇 650224; 4 , 摇 650201; 5 ,
美国维吉尼亚州诺福克 中央民族大学生命环境科学学院 北京
摇 23529鄄0266; 6 , 摇 100081)
摘要: 弥勒苣苔属是苦苣苔科的单种属 仅分布于中国西南部 为探讨弥勒苣苔在苦苣苔亚科中的系统位
, 。
置 我们选择了苦苣苔亚科 个类群 外类群为苦苣苔亚科以外的 个物种 用最大简约法 和
, 116 , 7 。 (MP)
贝叶斯分析 对以上类群的核基因 以及两个叶绿体基因trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL数据进行了独立和联
(BI), ITS 、
合分析 在三个片段联合分析的结果中 弥勒苣苔与马铃苣苔属 后蕊苣苔属 金盏苣苔属 直瓣苣苔属
。 , 、 、 、
以及川鄂粗筒苣苔构成一个强烈支持的分枝 树中 此分枝为并系 而在 分析中 弥勒苣苔与川鄂
。 MP , , BI ,
粗筒苣苔 直瓣苣苔属互为姐妹类群 同时 第一次报道了弥勒苣苔的染色体数目 n 根据前人
、 。 , (2 =34)。
报道 马铃苣苔属 后蕊苣苔属 粗筒苣苔属和直瓣苣苔属的染色体数目同为 n 这进一步支持我们
, 、 、 2 =34,
的分子系统发育分析
。
关键词: atpB鄄rbcL 苦苣苔科 弥勒苣苔属 系统学 trnL鄄F
; ; ITS; ; ;
中图分类号: 文献标识码: 文章编号:
Q942, Q949摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 A摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 2095-0845(2011)05-465-12
The Systematic Placement of the Monotypic Genus Paraisometrum
Gesneriaceae Based on Molecular and Cytological Data
*
( )
1,2 1,3 1,4 1
TAN Ying , WANG Zhi , SUI Xue鄄Yi , HU Guang鄄Wan ,
5,6 1,6**
MOTLEY Timothy , LONG Chun鄄Lin
KunmingInstituteofBotany ChineseAcademyofSciences GraduateUniversityofChinese
(1 , ,Kunming650201,China;2
AcademyofSciences SchoolofForestry SouthwestForestryUniversity
,Beijing100049,China;3 , ,Kunming
CollegeofAgronomy YunnanAgriculturalUniversity
650224,China;4 , ,Kunming650201,China;
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences OldDominionUniversity
5 , ,Norfolk,Virginia23529鄄0266,USA;
CollegeofLifeandEnvironmentalSciences MinzuUniversityofChina
6 , ,Beijing100081,China)
Abstract Paraisometrum
: , isamonotypicgenusendemictoSouthwestChina,withanuncertainsystematicposition.
Paraisometrum
To resolve the phylogenetic relationships of within subfamily Cyrtandroideae, we performed phyloge鄄
neticanalysesof116taxaplacedinthesubfamilyCyrtandroideaeand7outgroupspeciesselectedfromotherGesneri鄄
aceae subfamilies. The independent and combined analyses were performed on three DNA datasets: the nuclear in鄄
trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL
ternal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and two chloroplast regions ( , ). Maximum Parsimony
(MP) and Bayesian Inference (BI) were used fortreeconstruction. Thecombinedthreegenedatasetstronglysup鄄
* Foundationitems:TheChineseAcademyofSciences(KSCX2鄄YW鄄Z鄄0925 &O92441112F),theMinistryofEducation ofChinathrough
its985and111projects(MUC98503鄄001006&B08044),theNationalScienceFoundationofChina(31070288),theJapan
Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS/AP/109080), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
(2008FY110400鄄2鄄2)
** Authorforcorrespondence;E鄄mail:[email protected]
Receiveddate: 2011-05-10, Accepteddate: 2011-06-16
作者简介 谭英 女 在读硕士研究生 主要从事保护生物学研究
: (1986-) , , 。 E鄄mail:[email protected]
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port Paraisometrum Oreocharis Opithandra Isometrum Ancylostemon Briggsia ros鄄
in a clade containing , , , , and
thomii Paraisometrum B.rosthomii
. IntheMPtreethislineageisanunresolvedpolytomy,butBIresolves assisterto
Ancylostemon Paraisometrum n
and the clade. We did the first chromosome counts of (2 =34). The diploid number
Oreocharis Opithandra Briggsia Ancylostemon
34 hasalsobeenreportedfor , , and ,whichlendsfurthersupporttothe
Paraisometrum
placement of in this lineage.
Key words atpB鄄rbcL Paraisometrum trnL鄄F
: ; Gesneriaceae; ITS; ; Phylogeny;
Paraisometrum
摇 W.T. Wang is a monotypic ge鄄 or combined ITS and cpDNA sequences, respective鄄
P. mileense P. mileense
nus, containing W. T. Wang, which is ly. Neither study included samples of ,
et al
endemic to Southwest China (Weitzman ., which left its phylogenetic position unresolved. The
P.mileense
1997) in the Yunnan Province (Shui, 2007a, b) rediscovery of a population of have made
et al
and Guangxi Region (Xu ., 2009). The holo鄄 it possible determine the phylogenetic position of this
type of this plant was collected by French missionary species to test the morphological hypothsis of Wang
et al
Ducloux F. in Mi鄄le County, Yunnan Province in . (1998).
Parai鄄
1906 and remained unnamed and stored in Paris for To investigate the systematic position of
et al sometrum
nearly 100 years. In 1997, when Weitzman . , we used DNA sequences for the nuclear
wrote an article on Gesneriaceae in the corpus for internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), cpDNA
trnL鄄F trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL
Flora of China, Prof. W. T. Wang checked Du鄄 intron鄄spacer region ( ) and
atpB鄄rbcL
cloux忆s specimens in Paris collected from Mi鄄le spacer ( ). In addition, we report the
Paraisometrum
County and concluded that it represented a new ge鄄 chromosome numbers of for the first
Paraisometrum
nus in Gesneriaceae and named it time and discuss characters among closely related
mileense et al
(Weitzman ., 1997). It was believed genera.
extinct until 2006. In 2006, the species was redis鄄
1摇 Materials and methods
covered in the Shilin County,Yunnan Province by Dr.
1.1摇 Taxon sampling
Yuming Shui, a botanist from the Kunming Institute
of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shui, To produce a reliable phylogeny of the subfami鄄
2007a, b). According to the IUCN Species Pro鄄 ly Cyrtandroideae the ingroup comprised 116 taxa,
Paraisometrum mileense
gramme, can be considered representing 115 species in 46 genera and included
an endangered species because of its narrow geo鄄 4 members of Gesnerioid and3 members of Coronan鄄
graphic range and small population size. theroid as outgroups (Appendix). These outgroup
The Chinese Gesneriaceae, based on morpho鄄 taxa were chosen based on results of recent studies of
et al et al
logical characteristics, have been divided into six Gesneriaceae (Zimmer ., 2002; Perret .,
et al
tribes: Ramondeae, Didymocarpeae, Trichosporeae, 2003; M觟ller .,2009). Sequences used in this
Cyrtandreae, Epithemateae and Titanotricheae (Wang study were from GenBank and supplemented with 17
et al et al P.mile鄄 trnL鄄F atpB鄄
., 1992). Wang . (1998) placed new sequences (5 individuals of , 6
ense rbcL
in the Didymocarpeae, and stated that it is most , 6 ITS). For the ingroup we followed the taxo鄄
Isometrum
similar to the genus Craib because they nomic classification of Weber (2004). 13 species
both have four fertile stamens and a funnelform (5 genera) belonged to Epithematoid Gesneriaceae
tube, longer than the lobes. More recently, molecu鄄 and 103 species (42 genera) came from Didymo鄄
lar analyses of subfamily Didymocarpoideae have carpoid Gesneriaceae (Appendix).
et al 1 2摇 Molecular methods
been conducted by Mayer . (2003) and M觟ller .
et al
. (2009) based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) Materials for DNA extraction were from various
期 et al Paraisometrum
5 摇 摇 摇 TAN Ying .: The Systematic Placement of the Monotypic Genus (Gesneriaceae) …摇 摇 摇46摇7
forms and diverse sources, including fresh leaves rithm, MulTrees in effect, and steepest descent off.
from research collections, silica鄄dried leaves from Support for the nodes resolved in the strict consensus
our field collections. Genomic DNA was isolated of the MP trees was calculated by bootstrap analyses
with a modified CTAB protocol (Doyle and Doyle, (Felsenstein, 1985) with 1 000 heuristic鄄search
1987). replicates as described above. Bayesian analysis was
Amplifications of ITS were carried out following performed using MrBayes v. 3. 1. 2 (Huelsenbeck
the PCR profile described by M觟ller and Cronk and Ronquist, 2003) for all the datasets. The most
(1997), using forward primer ‘ITS 5P爷 and re鄄 appropriate molecular model for each dataset was de鄄
trnL鄄F
verse primer ‘ITS 8P爷. The intron鄄spacer termined with jModelTest0.1.1 (Guindon and Gas鄄
trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL atpB鄄rbcL
region ( ) and spacer ( ) cuel, 2003; Posada, 2008). The model GTR+I+G
et al
were amplified following Mayer . (2003) using was selected. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MC鄄
trnL鄄F et al
primers ‘c爷 and ‘f爷 for (Taberlet ., MC) algorithm was run for 10 000 000 generations
atpB鄄rbcL
1991) and primers ‘JF31爷 and ‘JF5爷 for with one cold and three heated chains in two inde鄄
et al
(Samuel .,1997). PCR was performed using a pendent parallel analyses. Trees were sampled every
襆
DNAEngine peltier thermal cycler ( Bio鄄RAD, 100 generations from the chain. The first 20% trees
Inc.). The PCR products were purified using a mul鄄 were discarded as burn鄄in (generations prior to sta鄄
tifunction DNA purification KIT (BioTeke Inc.). tionary of likelihood values).
1 4摇 Cytological protocols
The purified PCR products were cycle鄄sequenced .
Paraisometrum mileense
using an ABI Prism BigDye Terminator Cycle Kit fol鄄 Root tips of were pre鄄
-1
lowing standard kit protocols (Perkin鄄Elmer Applied treated in0.002mol·L 8鄄hydroxyquinoline for4 to
Biosystems) and run on a ABI鄄PRISM3730 se鄄 5 h at room temperature, and then fixed in Carnoy忆s
quencher. Forward and reverse sequences were as鄄 I (3 ethanol 颐 1 glacial acetic acid) for 30 min at
-1
sembled using SeqMan of DNAStar (DNASTAR, 5益. After hydrolysis for 1 min in 1 mol·L HCl at
1999), visually aligned with ClustalX v. 1. 83 60益, followed by washing through several changes
et al
(Thompson ., 1998) followed by manual cor鄄 of distilled water, the root tips were dyed in carbol
rection in BioEdit (Hall, 1999). Sequence align鄄 fuchsin and then squashed. The chromosomes were
ments and PAUP/Nexus鄄formatted files for individu鄄 examined using Axioskop 40 made by ZEISS and
al regions and combined analyses are available from photographed using JVC TK鄄C1480BEC color video
the authors upon request. camera.
1 3摇 Phylogenetic analysis
.
2摇 Results
Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Maxi鄄
2.1摇 Phylogenetic analysis
mumParsimony (MP) and Bayesian Inference (BI) u鄄
sing the protocols of Rannala and Yang (1996) on the The main clades found in the parsimony analy鄄
atpB鄄rbcL trnL鄄F trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL
individual ITS, , , combined cpDNA sies of the individual ITS, , and
and combined three gene datasets respectively. Maxi鄄 combined cpDNA datasets (not shown) were broadly
*
mum Parsimony analysis was performed with PAUP congruent with, although less well resolved than,
version 4.0b10 (Swofford, 2002). Gaps were trea鄄 the consensus trees from the combined three gene
ted as missing data, and characters were assumed to dataset. This reflects the fewer of informative cha鄄
be unordered. Heuristic searches were performed racters in the separate analyses. The results of the
employing 1000 random replicates, holding one tree combined three gene analyses are presented here.
at each step during stepwise addition, using tree鄄bi鄄 Of the aligned2990 characters (ITS:791 char鄄
trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL
section鄄reconnection (TBR) branch鄄swapping algo鄄 acters, : 1189 characters, : 1010
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n
characters) analyzed, 1100 were constant, 549 un鄄 2 =34, and the chromosome size is small, <2 滋m
informative, and 1341 parsimony informative. Maxi鄄 (Fig.3).
mum parsimony analysis resulted in 4 most parsimo鄄
3摇 Discussion
nious trees of7058 steps, with a CI of0.44, a RI of
3.1摇 Phylogenetic relationships
0.68, and a RC of 0.30. A strict consensus tree of
the combined dataset resolved 92 nodes with boot鄄 In our study, Old World Gesneriaceae can be
strap support (BS) 逸50% (Fig. 1). The phylo鄄 clearly divided into two tribal groups that are congru鄄
et al
gram from the Bayesian analysis of the combined ent with previous studies (Smith .,1997; Wang
et al et al
dataset resolved113 nodes,95 of which had posteri鄄 and Li, 2002; Mayer ., 2003; M觟ller .,
et al
or probabilities (PP) 逸0.90 (Fig.2). Support for 2009; Wang ., 2010). Weber (2004) separa鄄
deep nodes was weak, but the support for the indi鄄 ted subfamily Cyrtandroideae into the small tribe Ep鄄
vidual major clades was strong. ithemateae (Epithematoid Gesneriaceae) and the
The MP strict consensus tree had a similar tree large tribe Didymocarpeae in which the members of
topology to that of Bayesian consensus tree. Subfam鄄 Cyrtandreae and Trichosporeae were polyphyletically
ily Cyrtandroideae is monophyletic and sister to sub鄄 nested at various places (Didymocarpoid Gesneri鄄
family Gesnerioideae (BS = 97%; PP = 100%). aceae). On the basis of morphological and geo鄄
The tribe Epithemateae is sister to the remaining old graphical features, the Didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae
world Gesneriaceae with strong support ( BS = can be divided into following groups: Basal Asiatic
Corallodiscus
100%; PP =100%). Genus form a and European genera, African genera, Advanced A鄄
clade (BS=87%; PP=100%) and is sister to the siatic genera (including genera with twisted capsular
remaining taxa (BS=87%; PP=100%). Basal A鄄 fruits, straight capsular fruits,or indehiscent fruits).
Rhynchotechum Platystemma
siatic genera, , , and The Asiatic and European, and African groups are
Jancaea Ramonda Haberlea
European genera, , , , well defined and supported according to the phyloge鄄
et al
constitute a clade (BS=93%), which is separated netic result made by M觟ller . (2009). In their
Briggsia
from the African and remaining Asiatic genera with study, the genus is also not monophyletic,
Oreocharis Briggsia Ancyloste鄄
moderate support (BS=87%; PP=100%). Among and , one clade of and
Briggisa Chirita Strepto鄄 mon Oreo鄄
the remaining taxa, , , and compose a clade. Our results show that
carpus Paraisometrum charis Opithandra Isometrum Ancylostemon
are not monophyletic. is in a , , , ,
Briggsia rosthornii Paraisometrum
well supported clade (BS = 100%, PP = 100%) and constitute a
Briggsia rosthornii Isometrum lungshengense
with , , clade in the Advanced Asiatic group, and suggest
Opithandra primuloides Oreocharis auricula Paraisometrum Ancyloste鄄
, and may be mostly related to
Ancylostemon mon Briggesia rosthornii
three species of . The three species of and than other genera.
Ancylostemon 3 2摇 Morphology
form a monophyletic group with strong .
Paraisometrum
support (BS = 100%; PP = 100%). The BI tree The 5 genera in the clade with
Paraisometrum
provides more resolution in the have some shared floral characters,supporting their re鄄
Paraisometrum Ancylostemon
clade, is sister to and lationship. These genera have campanulate calyx, ad
Briggsia rosthornii
(PP=99%) in a polytomy with basin 5鄄sectus, bilabiate corollas, corolla lobes much
the other three genera of the lineagewhile the MP shorter than the corolla tube, and 4 fertile stamens,
Isometrum Briggsia Ancy鄄
tree does not resolve any of the relationships among stigma number varies, , ,and
lostemon Opithandra Ore鄄
the genera in the clade. have 2 stigmas,whereas and
2 2摇 Cytology charis Paraisome鄄
. can have either 1 or 2 stigmas, and
Paraisometrum mileense trum et al
has a diploid number of always has a single stigma (Wang .,1998).
期 et al Paraisometrum
5 摇 摇 摇 TAN Ying .: The Systematic Placement of the Monotypic Genus (Gesneriaceae) …摇 摇 摇46摇9
trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL
Fig.1摇 Strictconsensustreeof4 mostparsimonioustreesbasedonthecombinedITS, and data.
Numbersabovebranchesarebootstrapsupportvalues逸50%. Thetribesarelabeledwithbars
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trnL鄄F atpB鄄rbcL
Fig.2摇 BayesianphylogrambasedonthecombinedITS, and data. Numbersabovebranchesareposterior
probabilityvalues(onlyvalues逸0.90 areshown). Thetribesarelabeledwithbars
期 et al Paraisometrum
5 摇 摇 摇 TAN Ying .: The Systematic Placement of the Monotypic Genus (Gesneriaceae) …摇 摇 摇47摇1
Paraisometrummileense
Fig.3摇 Karyomorphologyof . A. Interphasenucleus(伊1000);B. Mitoticprophase(伊1000);
C. Mitoticmetaphase(伊1000);D. Mitoticanaphase(伊1000). Thebaris1滋mlong
3 4摇 Cytology
Burtt (1962) and Pan (1986) held the opinion that .
Isometrum
based on their observations that Craib and Chromosome ploidy levels and base numbers
Ancylostemon
Craib were closely related, which our can provide insight into plant evolution, because
et al
results support. Wang . (1998) hypothesized sister groups often share chromosome numbers or
Paraisometrum Isometrum et al et
that was sister to . Our base number (Turner ., 1961; Ehrendorfer
al
analysis confirmed that these two genera are closely ., 1968; Walker, 1972; Raven, 1975; Grant,
Paraisometrum
related in the same lineage, but like鄄 1982). However, chromosome counts at the spe鄄
Ancylostemon Briggsia
ly has closer affinities to and cies鄄level across the family have been made for only
rosthornii
. Different from other 3 genera, their aba鄄 about 18% of the taxa in the Gesneriaceae, and the
xial lip is longer than adaxial lip. number of genera without chromosome counts is even
3 3摇 Distribution
. greater in the subfamily Cyrtandroideae than subfami鄄
Briggsia rosthornii
is distributed in Sichuan, ly Gesnerioideae (M觟ller and Kiehn,2004). In the
Guizhou, and Hubei provinces of Southwest and Epithemateae, the chromosome counts have high
Opithandra
South鄄Central China, is scattered throug鄄 variation, with the basic numbers in this group ran鄄
O. primuloides n
hout Western China, except for , a ging from =8-12, (Ratter, 1975; Skog, 1984;
Ore鄄 et al
species restricted to Japan. The distributions of Wang ., 1998). It is more complicated in the
ocharis Ancylostemon
and range from Southwestern to Didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae, where basic numbers
et n
Central and Southeastern China (Li,1996; Wang are =4, 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,
al Isometrum
., 1998; Li and Wang, 2004). is en鄄 18 (Ratter and Prentice,1967; Ratter,1975; Kie鄄
et al
demic to China, and centered in Sichuan, where hn and Weber, 1998; Rashid ., 2001; M觟ller
82% of the species in the genus occur (Pan,1986). and Kiehn, 2004). In previous studies, the genera
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 卷
摇472摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 33
Oreocharis Opithandra Ancylostemon
, , and have the 337—353
n Briggsia FelsensteinJ,1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach
same chromosome number 2 =34, has the Evolution 39
n n usingthebootstrap [J]. , :783—791
chromosome number 2 = 34 or 2 = 68 (Ratter,
Grant V, 1982. Chromosome number patterns in primitive angio鄄
1963; Ratter and Prentice, 1964; Wang and Gu, BotanicGazette 143
sperms [J]. , :390—394
et al Paraisometrum
1999; Zhou ., 2004). also has GuindonS,GascuelO,2003. A simple, fast, and accurate method
n Sys鄄
a chromosome complement of 2 =34, which is an鄄 toestimatelargephylogeniesbyMaximumLikelihood [J].
tematicBiology 52
, :696—704
other character uniting members of this clade. The
HallTA,1999. BioEdit: a user鄄friendly biological sequence aligen鄄
chromosome is too small to do karyotype analysis, or
menteditorandanalysis program for Windows95/98/NT [J].
we can do further comparison of these species. Al鄄 NucleicAcidsSymposiumSeries 41
, :95—98
though the data are not yet available, we predict that HuelsenbeckJ,RonquistF,2003. MrBayes3:Bayesianphylogenet鄄
Isometrum n Bioinformatics 19
to have a karyotype of 2 =34. ic inference under mixed models [J]. , :
1572—1574
Our molecular analyses place the rare monotypic
Paraisometrum KiehnM,WeberA,1998. ChromosomenumbersofMalayanandoth鄄
genus, , among the Didymocarpoid
erpaleotropical Gesneriaceae:2. Tribes Trichosporeae, Cyrtan鄄
genera, subfamily Cyrtandroideae of Gesneriaceae. Beitr覿gezurBiologiederPflanzen
dreaeandEpithemateae [J]. ,
Paraisometrum
70
belongs in a strongly supported clade :445—470
Oreocharis Opithandra Isometrum Ancyloste鄄
with , , , LiZY,1996. The geographical distribution of the subfamily Cyrtan鄄
mon Briggsia rosthornii ActaPhytot鄄
, and among and nested in an droideaeEndl. emend. Burtt(Gesneriaceae) [J].
axonomicSinica 34
, :341—360
informal group the Advanced Asiatic group. Bayesi鄄 Plants of Gesneriaceae in China
Paraisometrum An鄄 LiZY, Wang WT, 2004. [M].
an analyses support , as sister to
HenanScienceandTechnologyPublication
cylostemon Briggsia rosthornii Briggsia
and . Because M觟llerM, Cronk Q, 1997. Origin and relationships of Saintpaulia
rosthornii
is a single species (and not the type) in a (Gesneriaceae) based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed
American Journalof Botany 84
polyphyletic genus further study and taxonomic revi鄄 spacer(ITS) sequences [J]. , :
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sion will be required on this clade. So at this time
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Appendix
: GenBank accession numbers for the sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis
GenBankaccessionNo.
Taxon Locality Voucher atpB鄄rbcL trnL鄄F
ITS1/ITS2
Outgrouptaxon
Gesnerioid
Achimenesadmirabilis
Wiehler AJ439982 AJ439827 AY182173
Sinningiacardinalis
(Lehm.) H. E. Moore AJ490931 AJ492318 —
S.schiffneri
Fritsch AJ439900 AJ439745 —
Gesneriahumilis
L. AJ439976 AJ439821 AY047051
Coronantheroid
Asterantheraovata
(Cav.) Hanst FJ501371 FJ501427 EF445669
Fidldiaaustralis
Cunn. AY423112 AY423130 EF445687
Rhabdothamnuxsolandri
Cunn. FJ501370 FJ501426 EF445700
Ingrouptaxon
Didymocarpoid
Acanthonemastrigosum
Hook. f. — FJ501454 FJ501306
Aeschynanthusaustroyunnanensis
W.T. Wang FJ501396 FJ501500 AF349218/AF349299
A.bracteatus
Wall. exDC. — FJ501501 AF349203/AF349284
A.hildebrandtii
Hemsl. — AY047099 AY047040
A.longiflorus
(Blume) DC. AJ490920 AJ492307 FJ501333
Agalmylabiflora
(Elmer)O.M.Hilliard&B.L.Burtt FJ501421 FJ501541 FJ501361
A.parasitica
(Lam.) Kuntze FJ501420 FJ501539 —
Ancylostemonaureus
(Franch.) B. L. Burtt FJ501398 FJ501505 FJ501336
A.convexus
Craib — FJ501506 FJ501337
Annamollifolia
(W.T.Wang)W.T.Wang&K.Y.Pan — FJ501543 AF055050/AF055051
A.submontana
Pellegr. FJ501422 FJ501542 FJ501362
Boeahygrometrica
(Bunge) R. Br. — FJ501476 FJ501319
B.magellanica
Lam. — FJ501478 FJ501321
Briggsialongipes
(Hemsl. ExOliv.) Craib FJ501423 FJ501545 AF055052/AF055053
B.mihieri
Craib — FJ501544 FJ501363
B.rosthornii
(Diels) B.L. Burtt FJ501425 FJ501547 FJ501365
Calcareoboeacoccinea
C.Y. WuexH.W. Li FJ501406 FJ501516 FJ501365
Chiritaasperifolia
(Blume) B.L. Burtt FJ501419 FJ501538 FJ501359
C.caliginosa
C.B. Clarke FJ501391 FJ501488 FJ501325
C.gemella
D. Wood FJ501408 FJ501523 FJ501345
C.hamosa
R. Br. FJ501392 FJ501489 —
C.lacunosa
(Hookf.) B.L. Burtt FJ501384 FJ501458 FJ501308
C.lavandulacea
Stapf. FJ501390 FJ501497 FJ501324
C.longgangensis
W.T. Wang AJ490903 AJ492290 FJ501347
C.pinnata
W.T. Wang — FJ501526 FJ501349
C.pinnatifida
(Hand.鄄Mazz.) B.L. Burtt — FJ501527 FJ501350
C.pumila
D. Don FJ501393 FJ501491 FJ501327
*Chiritasp. China,YunnanProv., HGWB鄄754 HQ327455 HQ327447 HQ327462
JiaozixueshanMountain (KUN)
C.sinensis
Lindl. FJ501409 FJ501524 FJ501348
C.spadiciformis
W.T. Wang AJ490904 AJ492291 FJ501346
C.urticifolia
Buch.鄄Ham. ExD. Don — FJ501492 FJ501328
C.walkei
Gardner — FJ501490 FJ501326
Colpogynebetsiliensis
B.L. Burtt — FJ501445 FJ501302
Conandronramondioides
Sieb. &Zucc. FJ501405 FJ501515 FJ501340
Corallodiscusconchifolia
Batalin FJ501375 FJ501433 —
C.lanuginosus
(Wall. ExR. Br) B. L. Burtt FJ501374 FJ501432 —
