The Syntax of Floating Quantifiers

289 Pages·2011·1.18 MB·English

The Syntax of Floating Quantifiers:
Stranding Revisited
Published by
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The cover illustration was designed by the author and sketched and produced by
Gabriele Mertens.
ISBN 978-90-78328-83-4
NUR 616
LOT Dissertation nr. 206
Copyright © 2009: Robert Cirillo. All rights reserved.
The Syntax of Floating Quantifiers:
Stranding Revisited
ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam
op gezag van de Rector Magnificus
prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom
ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde
commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit
op woensdag 20 mei 2009, te 12:00 uur
door Robert John Cirillo
geboren te Winamac, Indiana, Verenigde Staten van Amerika
Promotiecommissie:
Promotores: prof. dr. F.P. Weerman
prof. dr. J.B. den Besten
Overige leden: prof. dr. H.J. Bennis
prof. dr. N.F.M. Corver
dr. J. S. Doetjes
dr. G. Giusti
prof. dr. H. Haider
dr. H.H. Zeijlstra
Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen
CONTENTS

Acknowledgements xiii

Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoretical Foundations

0 Introduction (Historical Background,
Adverbial Analysis vs. Stranding Analysis,
Thesis Overview) 1

1 Base Positions of Subjects and Objects
and the Hierarchy in the Verbal Domain 8

2 The Hierarchical Structure in the Nominal
Domain 12

3 Constituent Negation 20

Chapter 2: Stranding Positions for Quantifiers

0 Introduction 23

1 Quantifier Stranding in English 24

2 Quantifier Stranding in Italian 28

3 Quantifier Stranding in Spanish 35

4 Quantifier Stranding in Romanian 46

5 Quantifier Stranding in Germanic OV Languages 50

6 The Stranding of Object Quantifiers 62

7 Stranding under Raising, Control, A-bar
Movement, Small Clauses and Topicalisation

7.0 Introduction 65

7.1 Raising Verbs 65

7.2 Control Verbs 66

7.3 A-bar Movement 69
vi
Chapter 2: Stranding Positions for Quantifiers (Cont.)

7.4 Small Clauses 74

7.5 Stranding and Topicalisation
(Remnant Movement) 75

8 Summary and Conclusions 79

Chapter 3: Issues in the Study of Negated Floating Quantifiers

0 Introduction 81

1 The Existence of Floating Negated Quantifiers

1.0 Introduction 84

1.1 Sentential Negation 84

1.2 Constituent Negation in General 86

1.3 Negated Quantifiers 88

2 The Stranding Analysis and Negated Quantifiers

2.0 Introduction 90

2.1 Stranded Negated Quantifiers in
Mono-Clausal Sentences 91

2.2 Negated Quantifiers in Raising
Constructions 95

2.3 Negated Quantifiers and Control Verbs 96

2.4 Negated Quantifier Stranding and
A-bar Movement 97

2.5 Negated Quantifier Stranding and
Small Clauses 99

2.6 Negated Quantifier Stranding and
Remnant Movement 100

2.7 Section Summary 102
vii
Chapter 3: Issues in the Study of Negated Floating Quantifiers
(Cont.)

3 Accounting for Ambiguity in West Germanic—
the Neg Stranding Hypothesis

3.0 Introduction 103

3.1 The Neg Stranding Hypothesis 104

3.2 Issues with Neg Stranding

3.2.0 Introduction 108

3.2.1 The Reconstruction Issue 109

3.2.2 Superfluousness of Neg Stranding
under A-Movement Reconstruction 115

3.2.3 Neg Stranding without QP and with
Contraction of Not 119

3.2.4 Neg Stranding when no Negation
Marker is Present 120

3.2.5 Neg Stranding and Raising Verbs:
Locality Constraints 121

3.2.6 Recapitulation of Sub-Section 3.2 123

3.3 Review of Section 3 123

4 Alternatives to the Neg Stranding Hypothesis:
Movement at LF, Partial Movement 124

5 Negated Quantifier Stranding in the
Romance Languages 128

6 Explaining the Differences between Germanic
and Romance Negated Quantifiers

6.0 Introduction 132

6.1 Sentential Negation according to Zeijlstra (2004) 133
viii
Chapter 3: Issues in the Study of Negated Floating Quantifiers
(Cont.)

6.2 NegP Languages

6.2.0 Introduction 137

6.2.1 Sentential Negation with Negated
Constituent Reading 137

6.2.2 Difficulty of [(cid:153) > (cid:5)] Inverse Scope
in the Romance Languages 138

6.2.3 Markedness of [(cid:5) > (cid:153)] Word Order
in the Romance Languages 139

6.2.4 No Stranded Negated Quantifiers
in the Romance Languages 139

6.2.5 Review of Section 6.2 147

6.3 Non-NegP Languages

6.3.0 Introduction 147

6.3.1 Zeijlstra’s Structure in Sentences
with Multiple Verbal Elements 148

6.3.2 Co-occurrence of Sentential and
Quantifier Negation 149

6.3.3 Missed Generalisation 150

6.3.4 Partial Movement 150

6.4 Open Question: Negated Objects in
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) Germanic VO Languages 151
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)
(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) 6.5(cid:1167) Synopsis of Section 6 153

7 Chapter Summary 154

Appendix: Constituent Negation and Do-Insertion 155
ix
Chapter 4: Issues in the Study of Floating Universal Numeric
Quantifiers ((cid:5)NumQ)

0 Introduction 159

1 The Status, Position(s) and Movement of Numerals

1.0 Introduction 162

1.1 Numerals Undergo Head Movement 162

1.2 (cid:41)-features and Case 164

1.3 Case Assignment 165

1.4 Summary 166

2 (cid:5)NumQ Must Be Base-Generated in Q in its Entirety

2.0 Introduction 167

2.1 Obstacles to Movement 167

2.2 Lack of Motivation for Movement 168

2.3 Selectional Properties of (cid:5)NumQ in
Romanian 169

2.4 Dutch and Swedish Adverbial Quantifiers 172

2.5 Lack of Universal Numeric Quantifier in
Certain Romance Languages 173

2.6 Co-occurrence of (cid:5)NumQ and Numeral 175

2.7 Romanian Again: Lexicalised Universal
Numeric Quantifiers 176

2.8 Summary 177

3 Formation and Categorisation of All Three 177
x
Chapter 4: Issues in the Study of Floating Universal Numeric
Quantifiers ((cid:5)NumQ) (Cont.)

4 Unresolved Question: What happens to the
definite article in English and German?
4.0 Introduction 180

4.1 Perhaps English has no (cid:5)NumQ 182

4.2 Perhaps (cid:5)NumQ Selects a Bare NP
with no Generic Meaning 183

4.3 Failure to Spell Out the Definite Article 184

4.4 Section Review 185

5 Chapter Summary 186

Chapter 5: The Adverbial Approach to Floating Quantifiers

0 Introduction: Syntactic and Semantic Issues with
the Stranding Analysis 187

1 General Problems with the Stranding Analysis 189

2 The Predicate Specifiers of Baltin (1995) 195

3 The Generalised L-Tous Analysis of Doetjes (1997) 202

4 Bobaljik (2003): Neither the Stranding nor the
Adverbial Analysis is perfect 209

5 Fitzpatrick (2006): Adnominal and Adverbial
Floating Quantifiers Both Exist 219

6 Kobuchi-Philip (2003 and 2006): Japanese Floating
Numerals are Adverbials and Adnominals 229

7 Final Comments, Summary and Conclusions 238