The Sword And The Shield The Mitrokhin Archive And The Secret History Of The KGB

748 Pages·2001·71.48 MB·English

by  Christopher Andrew

THE
AND THE
BY CHRISTOPHER ANDREW
THEOPHILED ELCASSE AND THE MAKING OF THE ENTENTEC ORDIALE
THE FIRST WORLD WAR: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
(VOLUME 19 OF THE HAMLYN HISTORY OF THE WORLD)
FRANCEO VERSEAS: THEG REAT WAR AND THE CLIMAX OF FRENCHI MPERIAL
EXPANSION( WITHA .S.K ANYA-FORSTNER)
THE MISSING DIMENSION: GOVERNMENTS AND INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITIES IN
THE TWENTIETHC ENTURY( WITHD AVIDD ILKS)
HER MAJESTY'S SECRET SERVICE: THE MAKING OF THE
BRITISH INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
CODEBREAKING AND SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE
INTELLIGENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 1900-1 945
(WITH JEREMY NOAKES}
KGB: THE INSIDE STORY OF ITS FOREIGN OPERATIONS FROM LENIN TO GORBACHEV
(WITH OLEG GORDIEVSKY)
INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE CENTRE: TOP SECRET FILES ON
KGB FOREIGN OPERATIONS, 1975-1 985
(PUBLISHED IN THE USA AS: COMRADE KRYUCHKOV'S INSTRUCTIONS)
(WITH OLEG GORDIEVSKY)
MORE 'INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE CENTRE': TOP SECRETF ILES ON KGB
GLOBAL OPERATIONS, 1975-1 985
(WITH OLEG GORDIEVSKY)
FORT HEP RESIDENT'SE YES ONLY: SECRET INTELLIGENCE AND THE
AMERICAN PRESIDENCY FROM WASHINGTON TO BUSH
ETERNAL VIGILANCE?
FIFTY YEARS OF THE CIA
[WITH RHODRI JEFFREYS-JONES)
A N D
BASIC
E
BOOKS
A MEMBER OF THE
PERSEUSB OOKSG ROUP
Copyright 0 1999 by Christopher Andrew
Introduction to the Paperback Edition0 2 001
Published by Basic Books,
A Member of the Perseus Books Group
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book
may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except
in thec ase of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For infor-
mation, address Basic Books,1 0 East 53rdS treet, NewY ork, NY 10022-5299.
Unless otherwise credited, photos are from the authors’ collections.
Designed by Victoria Kuskowski
A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for from the
Library of Congress.
ISBN 0-465-00312-5
01 02/10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
F-
IN MEMORY OF "MA"
CONTENTS
Abbreviations andAcronyms xi
The Evolutiono f the KGB, r917-rpy xv
The Transliteration of Russian Names xvii
Foreword xix
Introduction to the Paperback Edition xxi
1 TheM itrokhin Archive 1
2 FromL enin’sC hekat o Stalin’s OGPU 23
3 TheG reat Illegals 42
4 TheM agnificentF ive 56
5 Terror 68
6 War 89
7 TheG rand Alliance 1 04
8 Victory 122
9 From War to Cold War 137
1 o The Main Adversary
Part r: North AmericanI llegals in ther 950 j. 1 62
1 1 The Main Adversary
Part 2: Walk-ins and LegaRl esidencies in the Early Cold War 176
12 The MainA dversary
Fart3: Illegals aftey Xbel” 1 90
1 3 The Main Adversary
Part 4: Walk-ins and LegaRl esidencies in the Later Cold War 203
14 Political Warfare: Active Measures and the Main Adversary 2 24
15 PROGRESSO perations
Part I: Crushing the Prague Spring 247
16 PROGRESS Operations
Part 2: Spying on the SovietB loc 262
Contents / x
17 The KGWBC ea sontm edr mPna urn tiisets 2 76
18 Eurocommunism 2 94
19 Ideological Subversion
PaDrti sI:s iTtdAhehegne at siW n satr 307
20 Ideological Subversion
PaVrtic 2t: o Tryh e Disosf i dtehnet s 322
War Cold 2t1h e SIG INT in 337
22 Special Tasks
Part r: From Marshal Tito to RudoYNureyev 356
23 Special Tasks
ParAt n2:d rTohpeo v EBreay o anndd 374
24 Cold War Operations Against Britain
“Mag nPztafhriect ern: At fter Five” 397
25 Cold War Operations Against Britain
OpPeraartti 2o:n A fter FOOT 417
26 RTehpeu Fb leidce ral of Germany 437
27 France and Italy during the Cold War: Agent Penetration
Measures Active and 460
28 The Penetratioan nP d e rsecution of thSe o vieC th urches 486
29 SoT lohiRdfe ai t s PrheiaPoet ny olid ps eh 508
30 The PolisCh risias n td h Ce rumbling of thSe o vieBt loc 517
31 Conclusion: From the One-party State to the Yeltsin Presidency 544
Appendices
A KGB Chairmen, 1917-26 566
B Heads of ForeignI ntelligence, 1920-99 567
c The Organization of the KGB 568
D The Organization of the KGB First Chief Directorate 57 0
E The Organization of a KGB Residency 571
Notes 572
67 1
Index 685
ABBREVIATIONSA NDA CRONYMS
AFSA Armed Forces Security[ SIGINT] Agency [USA]
AKEL Cyprus Communist Party
Amtorg American-Soviet Trading Corporation, New York
ASA Army Security [SIGINT] Agency [USA]
AVH Hungarian security and intelligence agency
AVO predecessor ofA VH
BfV FRG security service
BND FRG foreign intelligence agency
CDU Christian Democratic Union [FRG]
C heka All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating
Counter-Revolution and Sabotage: predecessor KGB
(19 17-22)
CIA Central Intelligence Agency [USA]
COCOM Coordinating Committee for East-West Trade
Comecon [Soviet Bloc] Council for Mutual EconomAici d
Comintern Communist International
CPC Christian Peace Conference
CPC Communist Party of Canada
CPCZ Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
CPGB Communist Party of Great Britain
CPSU Communist Partyo f the Soviet Union
CPUSA Communist Party of the United States of America
csu Christian Social Union[ FRG: ally of CDU]
DCI Director of Central Intelligence [USA]
DGS Portuguese security service
DGSE French foreign intelligence service
DIA Defense Intelligence Agency [USA]
DLB dead letter-box
DRG Soviet sabotage and intelligence group
DS Bulgarian security and intelligence service
DST French security service
F Line “Special Actions” department iKn GB residencies