The Study of Tourism: Anthropological and Sociological Beginnings (Tourism Social Science Series) (Tourism Social Science Series)

319 Pages·2006·1.64 MB·English

by  Dennison Nash

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The Study of Tourism
Anthropological and Sociological Beginnings
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TOURISM SOCIAL SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor:Jafar Jafari
Department of Hospitality and Tourism,University of Wisconsin-Stout,Menomonie WI 54751,USA.
Tel:[phone]; Fax:[phone]; E-mail:[email protected]
Associate Editor (this volume):Robert E. Wood
Rutgers University,Camden NJ,USA.
The books in this Tourism Social Science Series (TSSSeries) are intended to systematically and cumu-
latively contribute to the formation,embodiment,and advancement of knowledge in the field of tourism.
The TSSSeries’multidisciplinary framework and treatment of tourism includes application of theoretical,
methodological,and substantive contributions from such fields as anthropology,business administration,
ecology, economics, geography, history, hospitality, leisure, planning, political science, psychology,
recreation,religion,sociology,transportation,etc.,but it significantly favors state-of-the-art presentations,
works featuring new directions,and especially the cross-fertilization of perspectives beyond each of these
singular fields. While the development and production of this book series is fashioned after the success-
ful model of Annals of Tourism Research,the TSSSeries further aspires to assure each theme a compre-
hensiveness possible only in book-length academic treatment. Each volume in the series is intended to
deal with a particular aspect of this increasingly important subject,thus to play a definitive role in the
enlarging and strengthening of the foundation of knowledge in the field of tourism,and consequently to
expand its frontiers into the new research and scholarship horizons ahead.
Published TSSSeries titles;
Leisure Migration:A Sociological Study on Tourism
József Böröcz (Rutgers University,USA)
Contemporary Tourism:Diversity and Change
Erik Cohen (Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Israel)
Exporting Paradise:Tourism and Development in Mexico
Michael Clancy (University of Hartford,USA)
Anthropology of Tourism
Dennison Nash (University of Connecticut,USA)
Tourism Community Relationships
Philip L. Pearce,Gianna Moscardo and Glenn F. Ross (James Cook University of North Queensland,
Australia)
Empowerment of Sustainable Tourism Development
Trevor Sofield (University of Tasmania,Australia)
Tourism and Religion
Boris Vukonic´ (University of Zagreb,Croatia)
Tourism and Modernity:A Sociological Analysis
Ning Wang (Zhongshan University,China)
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The Study of Tourism
Anthropological and Sociological Beginnings
Dennison Nash, Editor
University of Connecticut, USA
Amsterdam●Boston●Heidelberg●London●New York●Oxford
Paris●San Diego●San Francisco●Singapore●Sydney●Tokyo
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To the Memory of Malcolm Crick
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Preface
Those of us who have been privileged to be among the first from anthropology and
sociology,as well as other social sciences,to be involved in the study of tourism
may have some idea of how it came about. We may even have some notion about
how our own personal odyssey compares with that of some of our colleagues in
this regard. But no one has yet attempted to study the whole process in such a way
as to provide an adequate inside picture in scientific terms of the emergence and
development of this new field of study. Like all scientists, those involved in this
process have had to deal with forces that shaped their recognition of a new subject
and how it was to be seen,and treated (Barnes,Bloor and Henry 1996). True,one
hesitates to say that where the subject is tourism,the innovation involved is as sig-
nificant as that for the creation of the Double Helix in biology or Relativity in
physics; but some of the specific processes would seem to be not unlike other sci-
entific developments,as for example,the discovery and progressive understanding
of some new and debilitating disease. How much or how little,of course,remains
to be uncovered in this book as well as others.
Those of us who have become students of tourism,as of any other subject,have
much to learn from a project of this kind. It can be a sort of self-examination with
all the pleasure and pain that that implies. But there could also be implications for
others not directly involved in such study. Tourism is said to be one of the world’s
largest “industries,”and the number of people involved in it,one way or another,
is very great and increasing. One cannot be unaware of this potentially great audi-
ence of interested parties consisting of other tourism researchers and academics,
workers in various aspects of the tourism industry,and the increasingly large num-
ber of tourists themselves. One hopes that all of these people will find something
personally involving in reading this book.
Our project follows a small,but vital tradition of intellectual autobiography in
the sciences and humanities—a line of production with what amounts to its own
evolving subculture and associated problems (Berger,ed. 1990). It also represents
a contribution to the growing field of tourism research, the excitement of which
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often has been contagious. This is how I described it for anthropologists in an ear-
lier work (Nash 1996:vii):
Those of us who have been pioneers in the study of tourism have
found the air of discovery and sense of freedom associated with
being on the frontier enormously exciting. Being on the margin of
our professional cultures,with all the looseness of social ties that
this implies,we have had an opportunity for adventure which may
be even greater than that which is routine for anthropologists who
are well-known for their adventurous natures.
And indeed as it has turned out,there have been many satisfactions during the pro-
duction of this book—satisfactions not entirely unaccompanied by problems,some
anticipated and some not (see Appendix B and Aguilar 1981:15–26). But in the end,
I hope that we have here a collective accomplishment that does credit to all of us
and to the emerging field of tourism research,which we represent.
Acknowledgments are,for me,always a pleasure. First,I would like to thank
all of the participants for their collaboration in what has been an unusual and
often demanding project. Second,thanks are due Jafar Jafari,the editor-in-chief
of the TSSSeries and of Annals of Tourism Research,as well as a participant in
this book,whose encouragement and editorial acumen during the course of pub-
lication has been invaluable. Third, I am deeply grateful to Graham Dann, a
friend and former collaborator during the days of his Barbados existence,as well
as a participant in this book, who has helped me in various ways. Fourth, I am
particularly grateful to two of the participants who, despite battling serious
maladies during the course of production of the book, made a special effort to
get their personal histories to me on time and in good order. Fifth,thanks are due
to my University of Connecticut where,after formal retirement,I have had stud-
ies, offices, an available library, and computer resources, which have provided
the necessary ambience and support for scholarly production. Sixth, there are
those who provided computer and secretarial help,library,and translation assis-
tance:Asha Shipman,Bambi Billman Terese Andrews,and Geoffrey Meigs and
his team of computer wizards. Seventh, thanks are due to colleague René
Baretje, now head of the Centre International de Recherches et d’Études
Touristiques,for his keen archival assistance. Eighth,I am indebted to the “for-
mal” reader of the complete manuscript, Bob Wood, for his critical review and
helpful comments, as well as a long-time colleague and collaborator, Jerold
Heiss, who has been no less important in a less formal capacity. Ninth, Tom
Selwyn provided a useful account of the impressively productive activities asso-
ciated with the Roehampton Institute and its successor at London Metropolitan.
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Preface ix
Tenth, thanks are due to friend, colleague, and former reader, Seth Leacock, for
his sharp remarks from time to time during discussions of the evolving manu-
script. Finally,there are a host of friends too numerous to mention,whose simple
presence and occasional aid (not necessarily in matters pertaining to the produc-
tion of this book) have helped me immensely. The creation of this book has been
an unusually long and difficult endeavor,and without the help of all of these peo-
ple,this book might never have seen the light of day.
Kudos to all of us! Dennison Nash