The students companion to social policy

494 Pages·2012·10.82 MB·English

by  Peter Alcock

The Student’s Companion to
Social Policy

The Student’s Companion to
Social Policy
Fourth Edition
Edited by
Pete Alcock, Margaret May, and Sharon Wright

A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
This edition first published 2012
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition history: Blackwell Publishers Ltd (1e, 1998); Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2e, 2003 and 3e,
2008)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The students companion to social policy / edited by Pete Alcock, Margaret May, and Sharon Wright.
– 4th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-65565-8 (pbk.)

1. Great Britain–Social policy. 2. Public welfare–Great Britain. 3. Social policy–Study and
teaching. I. Alcock, Peter, 1951– II. May, Margaret, 1947– III. Wright, Sharon D.
IV. Social Policy Association (Great Britain)
HN390.S78 2012
361.6'10941–dc23
2011035242
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDFs 978-1-119-96080-5;
ePub 978-1-119-96081-2; Mobi 978-1-119-96082-9
Set in 9.5 / 11.5 pt Minion by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2012
Contents
Contributors    viii 10  Social Democracy    70
Robert M. Page
Acknowledgements    xv
11  Socialist Perspectives    77
Introduction    1 Hartley Dean
12  Feminist Perspectives    83
Part I Concepts and
Shona Hunter
Approaches 3
13  Green Perspectives    90
 1  The Subject of Social Policy    5
Michael Cahill
Pete Alcock
14  Postmodernist Perspectives    96
 2  Approaches and Methods    12
Tony Fitzpatrick
Saul Becker
 3  Social Needs, Social Problems, and  Part III Historical Context 103
Social Welfare and Well-being    19
15  History and Social Policy    105
Nick Manning
David Gladstone
 4  Equality, Rights, and Social 
16  Nineteenth-Century  
Justice    26
Beginnings    111
Peter Taylor-Gooby
Bernard Harris
 5  Equalities and Human Rights    33
17  The Liberal Era and the Growth  
Suzi Macpherson
of State Welfare    117

 6  Efficiency, Equity, and Choice    40 Noel Whiteside
Carol Propper
18  The Post-war  
 7  Altruism, Reciprocity, and  Welfare State    124
Obligation    48 Robert M. Page
Hilary Land
19  Crisis, Retrenchment, and  
the Impact of Neo-liberalism 
Part II Key Perspectives 55
(1976–1997)    130
 8  Neo-liberalism    57 Howard Glennerster
Nick Ellison
20  Modernization and  
 9  The Conservative Tradition    64 the Third Way    135
Hugh Bochel Martin Powell
vi CONTENTS
Part IV Contemporary 37  Citizenship and Access  
Context 143 to Welfare    255
Ruth Lister and Peter Dwyer
21  Demography    145
Jane Falkingham and Athina Vlachantoni
Part VI Welfare Governance 263
22  Economic Policy and Social 
38  Managing and Delivering 
Policy    153
Welfare    265
Rob Sykes
John Clarke
23  Religion    160
39  Accountability for Welfare    271
Rana Jawad
Jackie Gulland
24  Family Policy    166
40  Welfare Users and  
Jane Millar and Tina Haux
Social Policy    278
25  Divisions and Difference    173 Marian Barnes
Sharon Wright
41  Local and Regional Government  
26  Poverty and Social Exclusion    180 and Governance    284
Pete Alcock Guy Daly and Howard Davis
27  The Distribution of Welfare    187 42  Social Policy and Devolution    291
John Hills Richard Parry
28  The Policy Process    195 43  Social Policy and  
Hugh Bochel the European Union    298
Linda Hantrais
29  Evaluation and Evidence-based  
Social Policy    201 44  International Organizations    306
Martin Powell Nicola Yeates
Part V Welfare Production and Part VII Welfare Services 315
Provision 207
45  Income Maintenance and Social 
Security    317
30  State Welfare    209
Stephen McKay and Karen Rowlingson
Catherine Bochel
46  Employment    324
31  Commercial Welfare    215
Alan Deacon and Ruth Patrick
Chris Holden
47  Health Care    331
32  Occupational Welfare    221
Rob Baggott
Edward Brunsdon and  
Margaret May 48  Education in Schools    338
Anne West
33  Voluntary Welfare    228
Jeremy Kendall 49  Lifelong Learning and Training    345
Claire Callender
34  Informal Welfare    234
Hilary Arksey and   50  Housing    352
Caroline Glendinning David Mullins and Alan Murie
35  Paying for Welfare    241 51  Social Care    359
Howard Glennerster Jon Glasby
36  Taxation and Welfare    248 52  Criminal Justice    366
Fran Bennett Tim Newburn
CONTENTS vii
Part VIII Services for Particular 60  Social Policy in Europe    428
Groups 375 Jochen Clasen
53  ‘Race’ and Social Welfare    377 61  Social Policy in Liberal Market 
Lucinda Platt Societies    434
Michael Hill
54  Children    385
Tess Ridge 62  Social Policy in East Asian 
Societies    440
55  Young People    392 Michael Hill
Bob Coles
63  Social Policy in Middle  
56  Older People    399 Eastern Societies    447
Kirk Mann and Gabrielle Mastin Rana Jawad
57  Disability    405 64  Social Policy in Developing 
Mark Priestley Societies    455
58  Migrants and Asylum Seekers    412 Patricia Kennett
Alice Bloch
Appendix: The Social Policy  
Part IX International Issues 419 Association (SPA)    462
59  Comparative Analysis    421 Index    464
Margaret May
Notes on Contributors
Pete Alcock is Professor of Social Policy and Saul Becker is Head of the School of Socio­
Administration at the University of Birming­ logy and Social Policy and Professor of Social
ham and Director of the ESRC Third Sector Policy and Social Care at The University of
Research Centre. He has been teaching and Nottingham. His main research interests
researching in social policy for over thirty include informal family care (particularly chil­
years. He has written widely on social policy, dren who are carers – ‘young carers’), vulner­
the voluntary sector, social security, poverty able children and their families, and research
and social exclusion, and anti­poverty policy. methodology in social policy. He has published
extensively in these areas.).
Hilary Arksey is a consultant and freelance
researcher. Her main research interests lie in Fran Bennett is Senior Research Fellow (half
the area of community care, particularly infor­ time) in the Department of Social Policy and
mal or family caregiving. She has both pub­ Intervention at the University of Oxford. Her
lished extensively in this area and undertaken interests include social security policy, gender
studies for governmental and other agencies. issues, and poverty, income distribution, and
participation. She is also an independent con­
Rob Baggott is Professor of Public Policy and
sultant, writing on social policy issues for the
Director of the Health Policy Research Unit at
UK government, European Commission,
De Montfort University, Leicester. He is the
NGOs, and others.
author of many publications on health policy.
His research interests include health care Alice Bloch is Professor of Sociology at City
reform, public health, a nd patient and public University London where she teaches in the
involvement. areas of migration, forced migration, race and
ethnicity, and research methods. Her research
Marian Barnes is Professor of Social Policy in
interests are in the areas of migration, forced
the School of Applied Social Science at the
migration, and asylum policy.
University of Brighton. Her main areas of
research include: user involvement and user Catherine Bochel is a principal lecturer in
movements, public participation, citizenship Policy Studies in the School of Social Sciences
and new forms of democratic practice, policy at the University of Lincoln. Her research inter­
and practice interfaces, mental health, older ests include participation, the policy process
people, carers, and care ethics. She has written and local government, on which she has pub­
widely in these areas and has undertaken par­ lished widely. She teaches on a range of policy­
ticipative research with service users and carers. related courses.