The Struggle for democracy in Chile, 1982-1990

340 Pages·1991·9.169 MB·English

by  University of California, Berkeley. Center for Latin American Studies., University of California, San Diego. Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies., Institute of the Americas., Ivan Jaksic, Paul W. Drake

o
Latin American Studies Series
Series Editors Michael C. Meyer John D. Martz Miguel León-Portilla
After a decade of dictatorship, the resurrection of democratic forces
in Chile began with the debt crisis and recession of the early 1980s.
Mass demonstrations erupted and political parties revived with
unexpected vigor despite the repression of General Augusto Pin­
ochet’s regime. The United States pressed for democratization. In
1988, to the astonishment of the world, Pinochet allowed his op­
ponents to win an honest plebiscite and accepted the resulting
transition to democracy. The Struggle for Democracy in Chile, 1982-
1990 is the first book to discuss in comprehensive detail that un­
usual transition. Showing the evolution and erosion of the military
dictatorship over two decades, it concludes with the installation of
Patricio Aylwin as the democratically elected president in 1990.
Here, eleven-leading experts examine how the most significant so­
cial and political sectors reacted to liberalization in the 1980s, and
how the opposition took advantage of the dictatorship’s own legality
to bring about an end to authoritarian rule.

The Struggle
for Democracy
in Chile, 1982-1990
Edited by Paul W. Drake and Ivan Jaksic
University of Nebraska Press
Lincoln and London
Copyright © 1991 by the Resistance to—Chile—History—
University of Nebraska Press 20th century—Congresses. 4. Civil-
All rights reserved military relations—Chile—
Manufactured in the United History—20th century—
States of America Congresses. 5. Representative
government and representation—
The paper in this book meets the Chile—History—20th century—
minimum requirements of Congresses. I. Drake, Paul W., 1944-.
American National Standard for II. Jaksic, Ivan, 1954-. III.
Information Sciences— University of California, San Diego.
Permanence of Paper for Printed Center for Iberian and Latin
Library Materials, American Studies. IV. University of
ansi z39.48-1984. California, Berkeley. Center for
Latin American Studies. V. Institute
Library of Congress Cataloging-in- of the Americas. VI. Series.
Publication Data F3100.S86 1991
983.06'5—dc20
The Struggle for democracy in
91-7216
Chile, 1982-1990 / edited by Paul
CIP
W. Drake and Ivan Jaksic.
p. cm. — (Latin American studies
series)
Papers presented at a conference
held in March 1989 which was
sponsored by the Center for Iberian
and Latin American Studies at the
University of California-San Diego,
the Center for Latin American
Studies at the University of
California-Berkeley, and the
Institute of the Americas in La Jolla.
Includes bibliographical references
(p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-8032-1691-2 (cloth). — isbn
0-8032-6588-3 (pbk.)
1. Chile—Politics and
government—1973---Congresses.
2. Authoritarianism—Chile—
History—20th century—
Congresses. 3. Government,
This book is dedicated to our
children: Joshua, Elizabeth, and
Katherine Drake, and Ilse Jaksic

Contents
Preface, ix Part II: The Regime's Opponents
List of Abbreviations, xiii
MARÍA ELENA VALENZUELA
PAUL W. DRAKE and IVÂN JAKSÎC The Evolving Roles of Women
Introduction: Transformation under Military Rule, 161
and Transition
ALAN ANGELL
in Chile, 1982-1990, 1
Unions and Workers in Chile
Part I: The Regime's Supporters during the 1980s, 188
ARTURO VALENZUELA MANUEL ANTONIO GARRETON
The Military in Power: The Political Opposition
The Consolidation and the Party System
of One-Man Rule, 21 under the Military Regime, 211
AUGUSTO VARAS CARLOS PORTALES
The Crisis of Legitimacy External Factors and
of Military Rule in the 1980s, 73 the Authoritarian Regime, 251
EDUARDO SILVA FELIPE LARRAIN B.
The Political Economy of The Economic Challenges
Chile's Regime Transition: of Democratic Development, 276
From Radical to "Pragmatic"
Selected Bibliography, 303
Neo-liberal Policies, 98
The Contributors, 309
GUILLERMO CAMPERO Index, 311
Entrepreneurs under
the Military Regime, 128