The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays

119 Pages·2001·4.128 MB·English

by  Nestor Makhno, Alexandre Skirda

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AgaintshteS tate
& OtheErs says
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edibyt eAdl exanSdkrier da
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ISBN1 8-73716-78(-p3kb .)
1.U kraine--Histoolruyt-.i-1 oR9ne1-v719.22 1.
Ukraine--H-i-9s21t1o-r41y49.3 .A narchisIm.S. k irda,
Alexnadr.eI IT.i tle.
DK265..8U4M247131 995
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TABLOEF C ONTENTS
1.G reaOtc tobienrt heU kraine 1
2. On the1 0thA nniversoaftr hye
Makhnovist Insurgenitn t MhoeUv kermaeinnte 6
3. On Defenosfet heR evolution 19
4. A FewW ordso nt heN ationQaule stion
int heU kraine 24
5. Tot heJ ewosf A lClo untries 28
6. TheM akhovshchainndAa n ti-Semitism 32
7. InM emoryo ft heK ronstRaedvto lt 39
8. TheI deoaf E qualaintdyt heB olsheviks 42
9. TheP athosf" ProletaProiwaenr" 46
10." SoviPeotw"e -r ItPsr eseanntdI tFsu ture 52
11.T heS trugAgglaei ntshteS tate 56
12.T heF irosftM ay:S ymboolfa N ew Era
int heL ifaen dS trugogflt eh eT oilers 59
13.A narchiasnmdO urT imes 61
14.O urO rganization 64
15.O n RevolutioDniasrcyi pline 67
16.T heA BCo ft heR evolutioAnnaarryc hist 70
17.O penL ettteort h eS paniAsnha rchists 88
18.O nt heH istoorfty h eS paniRsehv olutoif1o n9 31
andt heP arPtl ayebdyt heL efatn d
Right-WSioncgi alainsdtt hseA narchist 91
19.B ibliograApfhtiecrawlo rd 99
AlexanSdkrier da
1.G REAOTC TOBEIRNT HEU KRAINE
Them ontohf O ctob1e9r1 i7 sa greahti storwiac­al
tershientd h Reu ssiraenv olutThiaowtna .t erschoends ists
oft haew akenionftg h teo iloeftr osw an ndc ounttroty h eir
righttos eizceo ntrooftl h eoiwr nl ivaensd t hesiorc ial
ande conomiinch erittahnecc uel;t ivaotfti hoesn o itlh,e
housingf,a ctthoetr himeei sn,e tsr,a nsportaantdli aosnt,l y
thee duciaotnw hichha dh ithebreteoun s etdo s troiupr
ancestoofar lstl h esaes sets.
Howev,e rwaess eiet i,tw o ulbde wiodfte h e mark
ifw ew erteo s eael olft heco nteonftt h Reu ssiraenv olu­
tioenn capsulianOt cetdo bienrf :a ctth,eR ussiraenv olu­
tiowna sh atchoevde trh ep recedmionngt has p,e roid
duriwnhgi cthh pee asainntt hsce o untryasnidtd hewe o rk­
erisn t het owngsr asptehdee ssentialI npdoeietndht,e.
revoluotfiFo enb rua1r9y17c amet ob ea s ymboflo trh e
toiloeftr hse eicro nomaincdp oliatllib icerat.Hi oownever,
theqyu icknloyt ictehdat th eF erbuarryev olutiaso n it
evolvaeddo pttehded egenerfaotremdca hta racteorfi stic
thel ibebroaulr geoainsdia,es s, u chp,r oveidn capaobfl e
embarkiunpgo nap rojoefcs to ciaaclot niW.h ereupon the
toiliemrmse diactaeslotyf f rtehset raiimpnotsse bdyF eb­
ruayr ands et aboopuetn lsye verintgh eatilirle t soi ts
pseudo-revolaustpieoacnntadi r tyos b jecetsi.v
Int heU kraitnhee,rw ee rtew of acettots h iasc tiyv.i t
Att het imet,h eu rbapnr oletairnv iiaetow, ft hem eager­
nesosf t hea narchiinsftlsu'e unpcoeni to nt heo ne hand,
andl acokfi nformaatbiooutnth ree aplo ltiicpaolli cies and
1.G reOact tobientr h Uek raine 1
domestic init shsceuo eusn tornty h oet h,er reckotnheadt
hoisttihnBego lsheivnitpkoos w ehra db ecomthee m ost
pressniencge sosfti htbeya tttlheah ta db eejno infeotdrh e
pursuanofct eh ree voluittfih oceno ,a liotfRi iognSh ot cial
Revolutionaries witwha stt obh eeo ubsotuerdg.e oisie
Meanwhiilnte h,ce o untryasnided sep,e ciiantl hley
Zaporoazrheeoa ft hUek raiwnhee,r teh aeu tocrhaacdy
neveqru imtaen agteode xtirtphasetp ei orffi rte edtohme,
toilrienvgo lutipoenaansrtayrt yo oikt iatmsso sotv er­
ridianngdm osts ibdcau ttyor esotrodt i rercetv olution­
arayc tiionon r dteorr itdh emsealsvq eusi cakslp yo ssible
oft hpeo meshcahnidkk usl abkesi,pn egr suatdheatdth is
liberawtoiuolnd stpheeevidir c taograyi tnhsseto ciaHst­
bourgecooiasl ition.
Thiisst hree aswohny t hUek rainpieaanns tawse nt
ont hoef fenssieviezt,ih nbego urgeowiesaipeo'ns(r pya r­
ticullyaa ttr htei moefp utscGheinsetrK aolr nilov's march
onP etgrroa idnA ugu1st9 1a7n)dt herne fustiopn agyt he
secoanndn uianls talolfml enandlt e viteots h bei lga nd­
loradnsdk uIa(ksT.ha eg enotfts hc eo altitriiioenfnd a ct
tow restthl ea nfdr otmh pee saantisno, r dteorh olidft o r
thee sta-otwenersa,l legeidnld yee frenctoet he
governnmte'asd heretnotc hees tatquusop enditnhge
convenoifn gtC hoen stitAusesnetm bwlhyi cwho uldde ­
cidoent hmea tter).
Thep easatnhtesgn o utp a nds eiztehdee s taatneds
livesotfto hcpeko meshckhuilkasmk,os n,a stearnidSe tsa te
hodlin:gi sns od ointgh,ea yl waysu pls oectca olm mittees
tom anagteh easses ewtist,ah n e yet os haritnhgeo mu t
amontgh vea riovuisl laagnedcs o mmuens.
Ani nstinacntairvceh cilsema irullmlyi neadlt lh e
plaonfst hUek rainteo'islp ienagns ta,rw yhicgha vvee nt
toa nu ndisguhiasterodef ad l Slt aatuet htoyra,if eeling
accompabnyia ep dli ana mbittiool ni bertahteem sesl.v e
The ltat,ei rndeievsde ,r syt roinntg h pee ansta:si ne ssence
ibto idlosw nt of,i rgsett,t riinodgf tbhoeu rgeaouitsh ori­
tielsi ktehg ee ndarmtehrmeia eg,i stsreantoteu sbt y t he
centaruatlh oreitt.Tci heisws,a sp uitn tpor aicctienm any
2 ThSert guglAeg aitnhSseatt ta enO dt hEesryss a
regioinns tUhker aiTnhee.r aer eex amplaepsl enty of the
way inw hicht hep eaasntsin t hep rovincoefs
Ekaterin,oK shlearvsoPno,la tvaK,h arkoavn dp arotf
Tavripdorlo vteh eg endarmeoruitoe ft heviirl laogre s,
evesnt ripipteo dft her igthtom akea rrewsitts hotuhte
say-osfot hep easant comamnidtv tielelsaa sgsee bmlies.
Theg endarmweosu ndu pa ss impltyh e beaorfte hres
decisitohnessm ea deI.tw asn otl onbge fotrheem agis­
tratweesr ree ducteold i kbeu siness.
Thep easantthse mselsvaeitsn j udgmeonfta lolf ­
fensaensdd ispuattve isl laasgseeb mlioersa ts pecmieaelt ­
ingtsh,e redbeyn yianlgjl u risdicrtiigohtntoats lh em ag­
istraatpepso inbtyet dh cee ntaruatlh oriTthieesmsea. g is­
tratseosm etimfeesls lof afrr ogmr acteh atth ewye roef ­
tefno rcteodf leoer ignot hoi ding.
Sucahn a pproabcyth h pee asatnott sh eiinrd iidvual
ands ocirailg hntast urally inctloif neealdre sttthh ee m
slong"aA lplo wetro th es oviettusr"n aiS nttaopt oew er:
thesfee awresr pe erhalpess psl ainelvyi deanmto ngt he
urbapnr loetarwihaitcw,ha sm oreu ndetrh sew ayo ft he
socidaelm ocraantdsB olsheviks.
Tot hpee anstast,h peo weorf l ocsaolv imeetasn tth e
conveornso if thboosdei eisn taou tonomotuersri torial
unitosn,t heb asiosf t her evolutiaosnsaorcyi ation and
socieoco-nomisce lf-diroeftc htei otno ilearnes y ewt iot h
thce onstruocftai n oenws ocyi.eP tlacitnhgas to rotfc on­
structuipoonnt hastl og,a ntpheea sanatpsp liietld i ter­
al,le yxpanduepdo ni ta ndd efendietad g aintshtet res­
passoefst heR ighStR sC,a det(sl iberaanldts h)em onar­
chicsotu nter-revolutionaries.
ThusO ctobheardn otye hta ppenwehde nt hep eas­
antjsu mepdt heg unb yr efusiinnm ga nyr egiotnops a y
thef arrme nttsot hep omeshchainkdks u laktsh,e nh,a v­
ingc ollectsievieztlehydle attelra'nadsn dl ivestdoecsk­,
patchdienlge gattoe stu hreb apnr olettaocr oimaett o s ome
arrangemweintitht regatrhdesi enigz uorfte h fe actories
andf irmtsh,ae i mb eintgoe stabflriasthe cronnanle ctions
andj,o inbtuliy,l tdhn ee wf,r eseo cieotfty o ilers.
1G.r eOactt oibnte hUrek raine 3
Atth isp ointth,pe r actiimcpalle mentaotifto hnie d eas
of" GreaOtc tob"e hradn oty etb eene spousbeydt hose
whow ouldl atesru bscrtiobi ett ,h eB olshevainkdst he
LefStR si:t w ase venh arshclryi ticbiyzt ehde igrr oups,
organizaatnidoc nesn trcaolm mitteOens t.h eo thehra nd,
asf ara st heU krainipaena sanwtesr ec oncernGerde,a t
Octobearn,de specitahlesl tya tiutwsa sa ffordienpd o liti­
caclh ronogyl,lo ookevde rmyu chl ikaec hapttehre hya d
lonsgi ncmeo vedo nf rom.
Durig:n thee ventisn O ctobetrh,ep roletaorfi at
Petro gMroasdc,o wa ndo thelra rgcei tiaessw ,e lals t he
soldiaenrdst hep easanatdsj acteont th et ownsu,n detrh e
influenocfea narchiBsotlss,h evainkdsL eftS Rsm,e rely
regularainzdeg da vmeo rep recipsoel iteixcparle sstioo n
thafto wrh icthh er evolutiopneaarsya notfrm ya nya reas
oft heU kraihnaed b egutno s trugagcltei vaesle ya rlays
them ontho fA ugus1t9 17a,n dt haitn higfhalvyo rable
conditieonnjso,y ianstg h,e hya dt,h be ackionfgt heu rban
proletariat.
Ther epercussoifto hneps r oletarviearts'iosof On c ­
toberre achtehde U kraian meo ntha nda half lTahtee r.
intebneth inidtw ase videantfit r sftr otmh aep peaflrso m
thed elegaftreosmt hes ovieatnsdp arties,f rtohmte hne
decreoefts h Seo vioeftP e oplCeo'msm issaarbso,uw th ich
theU krainpieaans anwtesr e diffihdaevnitnh,ga dn op art
int heaiprp ointments.
Itw ast hetnh agtr ouposfR edG uardssh oweudp i n
theU krainceo,m inlga rgeflryo mR ussiaan,d a ttacking
thet ownasn dc ommunicatcieonntse crosn trolblyte hde
Cossacokfts h eU krainCieannt rRaald aT.h el attwearss o
infecbtyec dh auvintihsamit tf ounidti mpossitboul ne­
derstatnhda otf t hel aboripnogp ulatoifot nh ec ountry
coulrde lattote h eibrr ethrferno mR ussinao,ra ,b ovael l,
apprecitahtere e volutionaraytl asrpgaiemr ointgt het oil­
ingp opulatwihoinc sht oorde adtyof igfhotir t sso ciaanld
politiincdaelp endence.
Ino ffertihnigas n alyosfiG sr eaOtc toboenrt hitsh,e
occasioofin t tse ntahn niver,sw aer oyughtto s tretshsa t
4 The StrugAgglaei ntshtSe t aatned O theErs sysa
whatw ea ccompliisnht ehdUe k raiwnaes p erfecitntl uyn e,
inl at1e9 17w,i tthh ea ctioonfts h er evolutiwonoarrkye rs
inP etrogrMaods,c owa ndo thegrr eat ciRtuisessi ai.n
Whilstta kinnogt oef t her evolutifoaniaatrnhyd e n­
thusiadsims plabyyet dh ceo untryosfith deeU krailnoen g
befoOrcet obewre, r espeacntdh olid ne verbyi ats h igh
regatrhde d eterminaatnidvo ing odri spleadby yt heR us­
siawno rkerpse,a sanatnsds oldideurrsi ntgh ee ventosf
October.
Inr eviewitnhgep astw,e cannolte tth ep resegnot
unremarkfeodri, ti sb oundu pw itOhc toboenre w ayo r
anothAelrs.o w,e cano nlsyt atoeur p rofoudnids traets s
thef actth aatf,t teern y eartsh,ei deatsh awte ref ulleyx ­
pressienOd c tobaerre stthieol blj ecotfds e risfiroontm h e
verpye oplteh ahta vec omet op owearn dg overnReuds ­
sisai ncient hen ameo ft hosied eas.
We expreosusrs addenseodl idatroai ltwlyh of ought
fotrh etr iumopfhO ctobaenrd a rceu rrenrtoltyt iinnpg r is­
onsa ndc oncentractaimopnsT .h eisru fferuinndgestr o r­
turaen df aminhea ver eachuesda ndc ompeuls t of eeal
profousnodr r,oo wnt hitsh et entahn niversoafOr cyt o­
be,ri np lacoeft heu suajlo y.
Asa m attoefrr evolutidountayrw,ye r aiosuer v oice
oncaeg aitnoc rya crotshseb ordeorfst heU SSR:
Givet hes onso fO ctobtehr eifrr eedom, give
themb actkh eriirg httoos r ganiaznedt os pread
theiidre as!
Int hea bsenocfef reedoamn,dr ighftosrt het oilers
andr evolutiomnialriyt atnhteUs S,S Ri ss uffocatainndg
dointgo d eatthh eb espta rotf i tseIltfes.n emieasr ed e­
lightbeydt hiasn da rem akinpgr eparations world-wide,
witthh ea ido fa lplo ssimbelaen st,oe xtirptahtere e volu­
tioann dw,i tiht t,h eU SSR.
DyeTlrouN do 2a9 O,c tob1e9r2 7p,p . 9-11.
1.G reaOtc tobientr h Uek raine 5
ON THE1 0THA NNIVERSARY
2.
OFT HEM AKHNOVIISNTS URGENT
MOVEMENITN T HEU KRAINE
Asw ek no,wt hBeo lshelveiakd esrhsa'm efbuelt rayal
oft hei deaosft heO ctober Revolleudtt hieeo nnt iBroel ­
shevpiakr tayn di t'sp roletraervioalnu tioanuatrhyot'yr, i
oncien p lacaela lc rotshsce o utnr,yt oc oncluadd ies grace­
fuple acwei tthh eG erman KaWiislheerl ImIa ndt hAeu s­
triEamnp er,oK rarflo,l lowbeyad n e vemno red epolrable
strugignlsei tdheec ountargya inasnta rchifisrmso,tf a ll,
andt heang aintshteL efSto ciRaelv olutionaanrdsi oe­s
cialiisngm e ner.Ina lJun1e 9,1I 8m etw itLhe niinn t he
Kremliantt, h ei nstigaotfSi voenr d,lt ohvte hecnh airman
oft hAel l-RusEsxieacnu tive Coomfmti htSeto evei .eC tist­
ingm y mandataesh eado ft heR evolutioDneafreyn se
Committienet heG ulyai-ProelgyieoI bn r,i efLeedn ionn
theu nequHaglh wta gebdy t hree volutifoonracrieynts h e
Ukraiangea intshtAe u stro-Geirnmvaand earndst heailr­
lieosnt heU krainCieannt rRaald ah:e d iscustsheiwdsi th
mea ndh,a vinngo temdy fanatpiecaaalsn ta ttachmteon t
ther evolutainodtn ot hea narchiidsetai ste ncapsulated,
hea ssurmeed t hatth es oviaeutt horihtaidie nsi tiaat ed
strugglteh eui rnb acne nteorfts h er evolutniootan g,a inst
anarchpiesrms eb,u tr athaegra intshteb andiwthso p ro­
fessetdo b ei tfso llorwse:
Witht h()saen archiesntgsa geidno rganized
revolutiaocntatir,yvyl i ikteh oen eyso uh avjeus t
6 TheS trugAgglaei ntshtSe t aatned OtEhsesysra