Table Of ContentMemoires
OF THE
American Entomological Society
Number 38
The Stoneflies of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains
(Plecoptera)
BY
C
Barry Poulton1 and Kenneth W. Stewart
Dept.ofBiological Sciences
UniversityofNorthTexas
Denton,TX 76203
—
ABSTRACT Collectionsofstoneflies(Plecoptera)weremadeat603streamsitesfromNovember1983-May 1988intheOzark-Ouachita
Mountain region, in relation to physiographic and vegetational characteristics. Examination of approximately 9,000 vials from these
collections,supplementedwithmaterialfrommajormuseumsandothercollectors,revealed88stoneflyspeciesineightfamiliesand24genera.
Keysandillustrationsareprovidedforallregionalspecies,includingdescriptionsforthreenewspecies: Leuctrapaleo,Acroneuriaozarken-
sis,andPerlestafusca.AllotypesaredesignatedforAlloperlaouachitaandZealeuctrawachita,and12newnymphaldescriptionsareprovided.
Asummarytableofspeciespresence/absenceinrelationto 15naturalsubregions,sixstreamorderdesignations,fourflowpermanencetypes,
andthreevegetationtypesisprovidedtoenhancepredictiveinferencesastowhichstoneflyspeciesareexpectedincertainstreams. Pearson's
measureofassociation(R)showedtherewasasignificantassociationbetweenspeciespresentandeachofthetestedvariables. Clusteranalysis
of 126watersheds elucidated regional divisions basedon stonefly speciespresent. A fourclustersolution appeared the most biologically
meaningful based on knowledge ofcollection habitats, and had low similarity to 15 natural subregional divisions based on geologic or
vegetationalcharacters. TheOzark-OuachitastoneflyfaunamostcloselyresemblesthatoftheAppalachianMountainsandnortheasternstates,
with49speciescommontobothregions. Pastglacialevents,andmorespecificparametersrelatedtoecologicalandlifecyclerequirements
suchasstreamthermal regimeandflowpermanence,appearedtobethebestdeterminantsofspeciesdistributionswithintheregion.
INTRODUCTION
Therearecurrently575speciesofstoneflies(Plecop- as artificially tied flies by fisherman for over four and a
tera) known in North America, representing 99 genera halfcenturies(McCafferty 1981). Despitetheirecologi-
and nine families (Stewart and Stark 1988). They are cal importance in stream ecosystems, the biology of
importantcomponentsofstreamfoodwebsandserveas stonefliesispoorlyknown,andsystematicknowledgeof
biologicalindicatorsofwaterquality(Hynes 1972;Resh the immature stages lags behind the needs of aquatic
and Unzicker 1975; Duchrow 1977, 1984; Harper and ecologists for species level identification (Merritt and
Stewart 1984; Jones et al. 1981). They contribute sub- Cummins 1984; StewartandStark 1988). Therearepar-
stantially to the forage base ofmany freshwaterfishes ticularily large gaps our in knowledge of distributional
(White 1975;Healy 1984;RobisonandBuchanan1988), patterns and species affinities with physiographic, vege-
andbirdssuchasnighthawks(Hitchcock1974). Nymphs tationalorotherbioticorphysicalcharacteristics,andthe
oflargerspecieshavelongbeenusedasbaitforbassand morphologyandbiologyofimmature stages. Exceptfor
troutfishing,andnymphsandadultshavebeenimitated regional papers by Jewett (1959, Pacific Northwest),
'CurrentAddress:
N4a2t0i0onNaelwFiHshaevreiensRCdo.n,taCmoilnuamnbtiaR,esMeaOrch65C2e0n1ter, U. S. Fish&WildlifeService, Route2,
STONEFLIES OFTHEOZARK ANDOUACHITA MOUNTAINS
Ricker(1964,Canada), Stewartetal. (1974,southwest- divisions and provides quantificaton of species affini-
ern United States), and Baumann et al. (1977, Rocky ties, will be useful to stream ecologists in defining re-
Mountains),moststoneflydistributionalstudiesinNorth gionalPlecopterafaunaandgainingpredictiveinference
Americahavebeenforpoliticalentities (states orprov- as to which species might be expected in the various
inces). Therehavebeenfew attemptstosystematically streams.
sampleregionsorquantifydistributionsofspecieswith Because nymphs are the most frequently encoun-
the goal ofachieving predictive inference oftheirrela- tered life stage during aquatic sampling, there is a
tionshipswithphysiographicprovinces,vegetation,types particularneedforcurrent species level nymphal keys.
of streams or other biotic or physical characteristics. This is important for stream water quality monitoring,
Recentchanges inPlecopterasystematics andnewspe- where species identification is nessesary for accurate
cies discoveries have emphasized the need to update asessmentofcommunitychange(Hilsenhoff1982,1987).
knowledge ofPlecopteradistributions in most areas of The majorobjectivesofthis studyaretoprovide: 1)
North America. a current stonefly species list, 2) keys to nymphs and
There have been no comprehensive studies of the adults,3)zoogeographiccomparisonsbetweenregional
stonefly fauna of the Ozark and Ouachita mountain andcontinentaldistributions,4)distributionalaffinities
regionofeasternNorthAmerica. Speciesrecordsandin of species with stream order, stream temperature and
some cases keys, are available for some states nearthe flowpermanence,dominantvegetationtypes,andphysi-
region,includingOklahoma(StarkandStewart 1973b), ographic subregions, and 5) new information on the
Texas(SzczytkoandStewart 1977), Lousiana(Stewart biology, life cycles and nymphal stages of regional
et al. 1976), Kansas (Stewart and Huggins 1977), and species based on the diverse types of habitats in the
Illinois(Frison1929, 1935,1942). Additionalrecordsof region.
Ozark - Ouachita species are available in taxonomic
papers(RossandRicker197 StarkandStewart 1973a; Description ofthe StudyArea
1;
StarkandRay 1983; Ernstetal. 1986),fromecological
studies ofparticular stream systems such as the Little The Ozark-OuachitaMountainregionencompasses
MissouriRiver,Arkansas(FeminellaandStewart1986), approximately 375,000 km2 and includes portions of
,
IllinoisRiver,Arkansas(BrownandRicker1982),Battle fivestates(Fig. 1). StroudandHanson(1981),Rafferty
Branch, Oklahoma (Ernst and Stewart 1985b), biotic (1980,1982),Pflieger(1975),andRobisonandBuchanan
index studies on Missouri streams (Jones et al. 1981), (1988) have variously subdivided the region based on
and other regional studies (Hitchcock 1974). Earlier general topographic features, vegetation, geology, land
papers do not include recent taxonomic changes or use, and otherecological factors. A synthesis ofthese
updated geographical knowledge. Many government subdivisions was used in this study, and included the
publications have little zoogeographic or taxonomic following (Fig. 2): 1) Ouachita Mountains, 2) Boston
value, since stoneflies are often listed at generic and Mountains,3)SpringfieldPlain,4)WhiteRiverHills,5)
family levels. Central Plateau, 6) Osage-Gasconade Hills, 7) Curtois
lilies' (1966) catalog attributed 33 and 25 stonefly Hills, 8) St. Francois Mountains, 9) Missouri River
speciestoArkansasandMissouri,respectively. Stewart Border, 10) Mississippi River Uplands, 11) Illinois
and Stark (1988) reported 60, 42, and 34 species from Ozarks, 12) Crowley's Ridge, 13) Mississippi River
Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, respectively. Fri- AlluvialPlain, 14)GulfCoastalPlain,and 15)Arkansas
son(1942)listed27speciesfromtheIllinoisOzarks;the River Valley. Mean annual precipitation varies from
total species listwas 67,ofwhich20wereknown from 91.4to 127cmperyear,mostoccurringinspringandfall
allfourstates. ThefamiliesChloroperlidae(sixspecies), (Rafferty 1985). Mean monthly temperatures range
Nemouridae (five species), and Pteronarcyidae (one annuallyfromlowsof 6.6°CinJanuarytohighsof33.3
species),havebeenpoorlyrepresentedintheregion,and °C in August (Rafferty 1980).
there were norecords ofPeltoperlidae. Major vegetation types noted during this study in-
There has been little documentation ofstonefly oc- cluded 1) uplandPine includingLoblolly and Shortleaf
currence from the Arkansas RiverValley,GulfCoastal (Pinusspp.),2)uplandHardwoodsincludingOak(Quer-
Plain including the Monroe uplift in central Arkansas, cus sp.) and Hickory (Carya sp.), and 3) bottomland
Crowleys Ridge in eastern Arkansas andMissouri, and Hardwoods including Black Gum (Nyssa sp.), Cypress
foothillor"border"areasnearthe MississippiandMis- (Taxodiumsp.),andRiverBirch(Betulasp.). Themost
souri River systems. This intensive regional study, commonaquaticplantinriffleareasofregionalstreams
which relies on natural boundaries ratherthan political was Water Willow (Justicia sp.). This plant provided
B. C. POULTON ANDK.W. STEWART
emergencehabitatformanystonefliesduringspringand visions with low reliefsuch has the Springfield Plains,
summer,andtherootsprovidedhabitatandorganicma- Missouri River Border, and Central Plateau (Duchrow
terial during winterwhen nymphs were actively grow- 1984). Theseareasprobablyactasdispersalbarriersfor
ing. The presence of Watercress {Nasturtium sp.) at some less vagile and tolerant stonefly species.
some localities helped suggest the presence of under-
ground springs. Materials andMethods
TheOzark-Ouachitamountainswereformedduring
periodsofslow upliftnearthebeginningofthe Pleisto- Stoneflies were collected monthly from November
cene Glaciation (Udvardy 1969). Erosion by streams 1983toJune 1988. Tripswereplannedtocoincidewith
have formeddeephollows and steepcliffs, resulting in occurrence of pre-emergent nymphs (for rearing) and
relatively uniform knobs and peaks in comparison to adult emergence. Detailed county maps from the De-
other mountain regions of North America. Elevation partmentsofTransportationofArkansas,Missouri,and
m
rangesfrom 182-244 (msl)inlowlandareasalongthe Oklahomawereusedtosubdividetheregionintowater-
Mississippi River, to 427-855 m (msl) in mountainous shedsbasedon4th and5th orderstreams (Fig.4, Table
areas (Thorn and Iffrig 1985). Limestone, the primary 1). Natural"breaks"inconditions suchasgradientand
sedimentaryrocktype,underliesover80%oftheregion, regulation were used in a method similar to that of
but exposed areas ofsandstone, dolomite, shale, chert, Matthews and Robison (1988). Collection sites were
granite, and rhyolite also occur in the region (Rafferty selected along accessable transects traversing a full
1985). Fragments of chert and dolomitic limestone array of stream orders within each major watershed.
predominate among stream substrates. When loosely Unique habitats such as waterfalls, springs, and cave
packed, these may permit significant interstitial flow streams,"typical"streamsrepresentingeachphysiogra-
without surface flow (Clifford 1966). An exchange phicsubregion,andthosewhichcontainedhighstonefly
betweensurfacewaterandgroundwater oftenresultsin diversity were repeatedly sampled. Collections were
"losing"streams, where surfaceflowmaypartiallydis- madefromatotalof603streamsites,providingsubstan-
appear underground (Thorn and Iffrig 1985) and reap- tial coverage of the region (Fig. 1). Stoneflies were
pearelsewhereassprings. Otherfeatureswhichoccurin presentin523ofthesesites,andrepeatcollectionswere
theregionincludecaves,springs,sinkholes,andnatural made from 191 ofthem. Collections from some sites
bridges. near Springfield, Missouri and Fayetteville, Arkansas
A majority of small regional streams (orders 1-3) were made by other researchers, and these specimens
consisted of intermittent pools or a completely dry wereavailablefromcollectorsorthroughvariousmuse-
stream bed during parts ofthe summermonths. Some ums.
4th-5thorderstreamsintheOuachitaMountains,which During collection periods, the following variables
flow through valleys between elongate east-west hills, were recorded for each location sampled: 1) approxi-
wereslow,murkyandbecameintermittentduringsum- mate stream width, depth, and current velocity, 2)
mer. Intermittent streams and those that dry up com- dominant surrounding vegetation, 3) stream substrate
pletelyduringcertainseasonshavestoneflyspecieswith type, 4) surrounding topography, 5) indication of or-
dessicant-resistant, diapausing eggs (Snellen and Ste- ganic enrichment, and 6) flow permanence. In this
wart 1979a). Some permanent streams result from study, water temperature was combined with the flow
undergound springs, which substantially altered the permanencevariable. Watertemperaturewasmeasured
streamtemperatureregime(Fig.3). AreasintheSpring- with a total immersion °C thermometer, andflow per-
field Plain, Central Plateau, and Curtois Hills contain manencewasnotedduringsummerandfallseasons. Be-
someofthelargestspringsintheUnitedStates(Vinyard cause life cycle requirements can be related to flow
andFeder1974).BigSpring(meancms=12.3)andGreer permanence and degree of stream hydration (Snellen
Spring(meancms=9.5)arethetwolargestintheregion and Stewart 1979a), a distinction was made between
(USGS 1974), and their sources have been traced with intermittent (standing pools without surface flow) and
dye from "losing" streams up to 88 km away (David dry (completely dry stream bed) streams during sam-
Foster, pers. comm.). pling and analysis.
Most streams inthe Mississippi Alluvial Plainhave Methodsofcollectingstonefliesincluded: 1)distur-
beenheavilychannelizedandsufferfromorganicpollu- bance of stream substrates directly upstream from a
tion due to agricultural enrichment (Duchrow 1977, rectangular-framedkicknet,2)sweeping/beatingripar-
RobisonandBuchanan 1988). Non-pointsourcepollu- ianvegetationwith a sweepnet, 3) searching emergent
tion,oftenfromagriculture,isevidentinregionalsubdi- leaves, snags, bridges, fenceposts, stones, and spider-
STONEFLIES OFTHEOZARKANDOUACHITAMOUNTAINS
Fig. 1. TheOzark-OuachitaMountainregion,showingmajorriversandtheirtributaries. Closedcirclesrepresent collectionsitesmadeduring
thecurrentstudy,andopencirclesrepresentrecordsfromothercollections. ThedashedlinedepictsthesouthernlimitoftheKansianglacial
lobe.
B.C. POULTON ANDK. W. STEWART
Ouachita Mountains
Boston Mountains
Springfield Plateau
White River Hills
Central Plateau
Osage-Gasconade Hills
Curtois Hills
St. Francois Mountains
Missouri River Border
Mississippi River Border
llinois Ozarks
MCirsoswilsesyi'pspiRidAgleluvial Plain
Gulf Coastal Plain
Arkansas River Valley
Fig. 2. Natural subregionswithintheOzark-OuachitaMountains.
1
STONEFLIES OFTHEOZARK ANDOUACHITA MOUNTAINS
iV-
• 13
37tr \ 3
/ T ,S
25-
*7 '? '' \
20- 99f '' \ \
/ >'« V \
LU ////r'3 i3i> ii OFizga.r3k.-OPulaotchoiftmaeMaonunmtoanitnhlsytrweaatmesrftreommpeNroavt.ur1e9s83i-n
< 15- 76</i// Vv May 1988. Streams with significant flow from
,5f <6 undergroundspringsarerepresentedbythedashed
LU line,andthose withoutpermanentspringfloware
Q. representedbythesolidline. Integersnexttodata
230
10- \ *2 pointsindicatethetotalnumberofstreamssampled
eachmonth.
<
LU 62 •7
5-
w\t\
JAN FEBMARAP1RMA1Y JU1N JU1L AU1G SEiPOCT NOVDEC
MONTH
Table 1. Listofthe 126Ozark-OuachitawatersheddivisionsshowninFigure4.
1. UpperFourchelaFave Reservoir) 63. LowerSalineRiver 98. LittleBlackRiver
2. PineyCreek 33. MiddleFourchelaFave 64. TulipCreek 99. CurtoisCreekandHuzzah
3. BigCreek 34. North CadronCreek 65. Kings River Creek
4. FlintCreek 35. Illinois Bayou 66. SugarCreek 100.Jack'sForkRiver
5. LowerPoteauRiver 36. UpperIllinoisRiver 67. LowerBlackRiver 101.MoreauRiver
6. BodcauCreek 37. UpperPetitJeanCreek 68. LowerCurrentRiver 102.ElkRiver
7. Maumelle River 38. NorthForkWhiteRiver 69. LowerWhite River-II 103.ShoalCreek
8. RichlandandBearCreeks 39. LowerLittle Missouri 70. Crowley's Ridge 104.St. FrancisRiver
9. BigPineyCreek River 71. UpperWhiteRiver 105.KaskaskiaRiverandBig
10. Magazine Mountain 40. Cypress BayouandBayou 72. LowerWhiteRiver- MuddyRiver
11. Cypress Creek desArc 73. UpperPoteauRiver 106.LowerOhioRiver
12. CornieCreek 41. SouthForkSpringRiver 74. MountainForkRiver 107.LowerGasconade River
13. UpperOuachitaRiver-II 42. MiddleForkLittleRed 75. LowerArkansas River 108.Bourbouse River
14. CossatotRiver River 76. Brushy Creek 109.LowerMeramec River
15. Caney Creek 43. SouthForkLittleRed 77. Kiamachi River 110.BigRiver
16. UpperMoroCreek River 78. UpperLittleRiver. 111.Maries River
17. UpperLittle Missouri 44. Mulberry River 79. GloverRiver 112.LamineRiverandPetit
River 45. Lee Creek 80. Fourche MalineCreek Saline River
18. SouthFourchelaFave 46. UpperSalineRiver 81. LowerIllinoisRiver 113.UpperOsage River
19. LittlePetitJeanCreek 47. ElevenPointRiver 82. Canadian River 114.LowerSacRiver
20. Frog Bayou 48. SalineRiver 83. Spavinaw Creek 115.PommedeTerreRiver
21. SouthCadronCreek 49. CaddoRiver 84. LowerNeoshoRiver 116.NianguaRiver
22. Fourche Creek 50. MiddleSaline River 85. UpperBlackRiver 117.Osage ForkGasconade
23. Sylamore Creek 51. LowerMoroCreek 86. CastorRiverandWhite- River
24. Mississippi River 52. Strawberry River waterRiver 118.UpperSac River
(lowland) 53. Spring River 87. LowerOsage River 119.Spring River
25. WarEagleCreek 54. LowerLittleRedRiver 88. Missouri River 120.JamesRiver
26. Crooked Creek 55. Buffalo River 89. Mississippi River(upland) 121.BeaverCreek
27. Point RemoveCreek 56. UpperOuachitaRiver. - I 90. Arkansas River 122.UpperGasconade River
28. White River(Beaver, 57. MiddleOuachitaRiver- I 91. BigCreek 123.Big PineyRiver
Table Rock,Taneycomo 58. MiddleOuachitaRiver-II 92. FlatCreek 124.UpperCurrentRiver
Reservoirs) 59. Red RiverandSulphur 93. LittlePiney Creek 125.UpperMeramec River
29. Terre RougeCreek River 94. CacheRiver 126.Saline River
30. SmackoverCreek 60. Little River 95. BryantCreek
31. RollingForkCreek 61. Antoine River 96. BullCreek&SwanCreek
32. White River(Bull shoals 62. LowerOuachitaRiver 97. Finley Creek
B. C. POULTON ANDK. W. STEWART
Fig.4. Natural watersheddivisionswithintheOzark-OuachitaMountains. Watershedsare listedinTable 1.
B. C.POULTONANDK.W. STEWART
Fig. 5 Watershedclusters in the Ozark-Ouachita Mountains. Eachclusterrepresents faunistically similarwatersheds basedon
stoneflyspeciespresent. Watershedsare listedinTable 1.
B. C. POULTONANDK. W. STEWART
websforexuviaeandadults,and4)lighttrappingwitha taxonomic value.
BioquipUniversalLight-trapandeight-wattfluorescent Nymphal mouthparts and chorionic sculpturing of
blacklight,oraRay-o-VacSportsmanlanternwithblack "in uteri"eggs, were examined using aJeol JSM T300
bulbssetuponawhiteclothsheetatdusk. Anaspirator Scanning Electron Microscope. Adult and nymphal
constructed of3 cm dia. plastic tubing, neoprene stop- identification, general mouthpart characters, and some
pers, 1.0 cm Tygon tubing, and Nitex was used to egg characters were determined using an Olympus JM
facilitate collection ofadults and exuviae. Stereomicroscope with an Olympus LSG lighting at-
All specimens were initially preserved with 75% tachment. Specimens were prepared for drawing by
ethanol or 70% isopropanol in six dram screw-capped pinning in the appropriate orientation or holding with
vialsandlabeledwithsitenumbersanddate. Theywere No. 1 insectpinsmoldedtopiecesoflead. Linedrawings
thensorted,identified,labeled,andtransferredintofresh werecompletedonposterboardwithStaedlertechnical
80% ethanol orisopropanol withinone to three weeks. pens(0.018,0.025,0.030,0.045)andcolorpatternswere
Nymphswererearedinthefieldortransportedliveto drawn and shaded on stipple board with pencil. Key
the laboratory in small portable styrofoam "six-pack" characters were drawn with the aid of a Wild M- 5
drink coolers containing stream water (Szczytko and stereomicroscope with drawing attachment. Approxi-
Stewart1979). Eachofthesixcylindricalcompartments mately 9000 vials of stoneflies were examined during
was eight cm dia. x 11 cm depth, and nymphs were thisstudy,andoverhalfofthemaredepositedattheUNT
enclosed in them with tight fitting styrofoam cups. Aquatic InsectMuseum. Voucherspecimenshavealso
During warm months, water was changed daily or as been deposited at the following museums: UWSP,
neededduringtransport,andthesesmallercoolerswere BYU,SAU,MC,ASU,UM,INHS,andtheUSNM(for
transported with ice inside larger ice chests. Nymphs key to abbreviations, see end ofthis section).
werethentransferredintorearingcageshousedinlabo- Stoneflypresence/absencewasrecordedonaspecies
ratorylivingstreams (FrigidUnits, Inc.) setto simulate checklist foreach ofthe 126 watersheds, and used in a
seasonalstreamtemperaturechanges(StewartandStark computerized cluster analysis (Norusis 1985). This
1988). Rearing cages consisted oftall cylindrical bas- analysis generated a dendrogram and 2-15 clusters of
kets made ofmetal screen or plastic mesh set into the faunistically similarwatersheds. Themostbiologically
watercolumnoftheartificial streamandweightedwith meaningful solution (number of clusters) was chosen
gravel,orstyrofoamcupswithsidewindowscutoutand basedonclusterdistanceandgapsinthedendrogamthat
replacedwithscreeningandfloatedinthewatercolumn represented the most natural differences in stonefly
with styrofoam sheets. Rearing enabled correlation of requirementsbasedonstreamcharacteristicsintheclus-
unknown nymphs with adults, and provided nymphal teredregions. Thissolutionwasusedtoprovidegeneral
studymaterial necessary forconstructing keys. comparisons with subregional groupings (Stroud and
Maleswerepreparedforstudybythefollowingtech- Hanson 1981;Rafferty 1985),andotherregionalfaunis-
niques: 1) aedeagi of Perlesta, Acroneuria, Isoperla, tic studies (Matthews and Robison 1988). It was as-
Paragnetina, and some Taeniopteryxwere extruded in sumed that a grid of streams where stoneflies were
the field by gently rolling and squeezing the middle collectedrepresentedareasonablesampleofallstreams
abdominal seqments between thumb and forefinger, present,andyieldedarealisticfrequencyofoccurrence
thenholdingthespecimenbyitsterminalsegmentswith foreach species. Since variables in this study (perma-
aforceps while immersing itinalcoholuntildeath, and nence, subregion, presence/absence, vegetation type)
fixing the extruded aedeagus (Stark 1990a), 2) aedeagi werediscrete,acrosstabulationprocedure(Norusis1985)
ofunextruded,preservedadultsinthesesametaxawere providedthemostappropriatedescriptiverelationships
preparedbyboilingtheterminalabdominalsegmentsin between species presence and stream characteristics or
hot10%KOHfortwotoeightminutesoruntilsofttissue geographic areas. This analysis generated numerical
wasclearedorloosenedfromthesegments. Eversionof cell frequencies foreachcombination ofvariables, and
somepreservedIsoperlaaedeagiwasachievedbyusing Chi SquareandPearsonsassociations (R)betweenspe-
methods outlinedby Szczytkoand Stewart (1979), and ciespresentandsubregion,streamorder,vegetation,and
thoseofNeoperlaandAcroneuriawerestudiedutilizing streamtypebasedontemperatureandflowpermanance.
methodsoutlinedbyStarkandGaufin(1976) andStark Procedure Log- Linear (Norusis 1985) was used to
andBaumann(1978). TheaedeagiofsomeAcroneuria analyze the natural log of these cell frequencies to
were also extruded from KOH - cleared specimens by generate a model. However, since statistical signifi-
pulling them inside-out with a fine forceps, but male cance cannot be substituted forbiological significance
aedeagi of Perlesta had to be field-extruded to be of whenpresence/absencedataare used, statistical results
10 STONEFLIES OFTHEOZARKANDOUACHITAMOUNTAINS
from this procedure was notemphasized inthis study. Zealeuctraclaasseni (Frison)
Otherstoneflieswereobtainedfrommajormuseums ZealeuctrafraxinaRickerandRoss
ZealeuctranarfiRickerandRoss
and collectors. Specimens were examined from the
Zealeuctra warreniRickerandRoss
Wilbur E. Enns Museum at the University ofMissouri Zealeuctra wachitaRickerandRoss
(UM), the Illinois Natural History Survey Museum, at Family Taeniopterygidae
the University of Illinois (INHS), and the National Subfamily Brachypterinae
StrophopteryxarkansaeRickerandRoss
Museum ofNatural History (USNM).
Strophopteryxcucullata Frison
Individuals and their university, or institutional Strophopteryxfasciata (Burmeister)
affiliations,thatprovidedloansoforaccesstospecimens Subfamily Taeniopteryginae
included:Dr.O.S.Flint,Jr.,(USNM);Dr.S.W.Szczytko TaeniopteryxburksiRickerandRoss
TaeniopteryxlitaFrison
(SWS),UniversityofWisconsin,StevensPoint(UWSP); TaeniopteryxloniceraRickerandRoss
Dr.B.P.Stark(BPS),MississippiCollege(MC);Dr.R. Taeniopteryxmaura (Pictet)
W.Baumann(RWB),BrighamYoungUniversity(BYU); TaeniopteryxmetequiRickerandRoss
Dr. H. W. Robison(HWR),SouthernArkansasUniver- TaeniopteryxparvulaBanks
Family Nemouridae
sity (SAU); Dr. G. L. Harp, Arkansas State University Subfamily Amphinemurinae
(ASU);Dr.A.V.Brown(AVB),UniversityofArkansas Amphinemuradelosa (Ricker)
(UA);L.Trial,MissouriDeptofConservation(LT);and Amphinemura nigritta (Provancher)
Subfamily Nemourinae
R. McDaniel, Arkansas Dept. ofPollution Control and
Prostoia completa (Walker)
Ecology (RM). Otherindividuals whoprovided speci- Prostoiasimilis (Hagen)
mens included: J. W. Feminella (JWF), O. & M. Hite Shipsarotunda(Claassen)
(Hite),E.J.Bacon(EJB),andB.J.Armitage(BJA). Our Systellognatha
Family Chloroperlidae
collections are abbreviated as (BCP) and (UNT).
Subfamily Chloroperlinae
Tribe Alloperlini
Results AlloperlacaddoPoultonandStewart
AlloperlacaudataFrison
Alloperlahamata Surdick
Eightfamilies, 24genera,and 88 speciesofPlecop-
Alloperla leonarda Ricker
tera are currently known from the Ozark-Ouachita Alloperlaouachita StarkandStewart
Mountainregion(the25regionalendemicspeciesarein Tribe Chloroperlini
Haploperla brevis (Banks)
boldface type):
Family Perlidae
Subfamily Acroneuriinae
OZARK-OUACHITA PLECOPTERA SPECIES LIST Tribe Acroneuriini
Acroneuriaabnormis (Newman)
Euholognatha Acroneuria evoluta Klapalek
Family Capniidae Acroneuriafilicis Frison
Subfamily Capniinae Acroneuria internata (Walker)
AllocapniaforbesiFrison AcroneuriamelaFrison
Allocapniagranulata (Claassen) Acroneuriaozarkensis PoultonandStewart
Allocapniajeanae Ross Acroneuriaperplexa Frison
Allocapniamalverna Ross Attaneuriaruralis (Hagen)
AllocapniamohriRossand Ricker PerlestabaumanniStark
Allocapniamystica Frison PerlestabrowniStark
AllocapniaoribataPoultonandStewart Perlesta cinctipes(Banks)
Allocapnia ozarkana Ross Perlestadecipiens (Walsh)
AllocapniapeltoidesRossandRicker PerlestafuscaPoultonandStewart
Allocapniapygmaea (Burmeister) Perlestashubuta Stark
Allocapnia rickeriFrison Perlinelladrymo (Newman)
AllocapniasandersoniRicker Perlinellaephyre (Newman)
AllocapniasmithiRossandRicker Subfamily Perlinae
Allocapnia vivipara (Claassen) Tribe Neoperlini
Allocapnia warreniRossand Yamamoto NeoperlacarlsoniStarkandBaumann
Nemocapnia Carolina Banks Neoperlacatharae StarkandBaumann
Paracapnia angulata Hanson NeoperlachoctawStarkand Baumann
Family Leuctridae Neoperlafalayah StarkandLentz
Subfamily Leuctrinae NeoperlaharpiErnstandStewart
LeuctrapaleoPoulton andStewart NeoperlaosageStarkandLentz
Leuctra rickeriJames NeoperlarobisoniPoultonandStewart
Leuctra tenuis (Pictet) Tribe Perlini
ZealeuctraCherokeeStarkand Stewart Agnetinacapitata (Pictet)
