The Statesman’s Yearbook: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World 2017

1553 Pages·42.079 MB·English

by  Palgrave Macmillan (eds.)

THE
STATESMAN’S
YEARBOOK
2017
‘Wedon’thavetobeimprisonedbythepast.’
BarackObama(1961(cid:2))
Editors
FrederickMartin 1864(cid:2)1883
SirJohnScott-Keltie 1883(cid:2)1926
MortimerEpstein 1927(cid:2)1946
S.H.Steinberg 1946(cid:2)1969
JohnPaxton 1969(cid:2)1990
BrianHunter 1990(cid:2)1997
BarryTurner 1997(cid:2)2014
Credits
Publisher NicholasHeath-Brown
ResearchEditor TomAlvarez
EditorialAssistant SharanjitAujla
Researchers DanielSmith
RichardGerman
RobertMcGowan
JillFenner
BenEastham
JustineFoong
LianeJones
JamesWilson
SaraHussain
EdwardLea
SheenaAmin
HannaSzymborska
NoahNzeribe
ThanhTuanChu
MaximilianKressner
SharitaOomeer
Index RichardGerman
Production NatalieJones
Typesetting MPS
email:[email protected]
THE
’
STATESMAN S
YEARBOOK
THE POLITICS, CULTURES AND
ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD
2017
Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Published annually since 1864
ISBN 978-1-137-44008-2 ISBN 978-1-349-68398-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-68398-7
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s)2016
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PREFACE
Welcometothe153rdeditionofTheStatesman’sYearbook—a leadingthinktanks.Thisyearforthefirsttimewe’reincluding
concise reference work containing over 1,500 pages of data data for individual countries on civil and criminal justice
on the political, economic and social landscape of all the worldrankingsfromarenownedannualsurvey.
countriesoftheworldplusterritories. We also have an accompanying website at www.
The2017editionincludesathought-provokingessayonthe statesmansyearbook.com, forwhich a site licenseis required
historyandcurrentstateofdemocracy,whichhasundergone to access most of the content. This is updated regularly
a radical transformation as many countries see more and throughouttheyearandcontainsadditionalmaterialthatisn’t
morepolarizedpartiesandcandidatesbeinghighlyinfluential includedinthebook.Oneofthefeaturesisourarchivegoing
at elections, holding the balance of power or even taking back to the first edition in 1864. In 2014 we added to our
power. Who would have thought even ten years ago that a websiteaseriesofinfographics,specialfeaturesonprominent
professionalcomedianwouldbecomeacountry’spresidentin world leaders and ‘snapshot’ articles, written by Palgrave
2016,ashappenedinGuatemala? Macmillan authors on a range of topics relevant to our
Aswellastheessay,ourpreliminarypagesalsoincludea readershipallofwhichisfreeforeveryonetoenjoy.
factsheet with fascinating figures and information about Wealwayswelcomefeedbackonthebookandourwebsite.
democracy.Inlate2015werananessaycompetitiononour [email protected].
website and we are pleased to include the winning piece in
thisyear’sbooktoo.
In addition to information on nation states, we have an NicholasHeath-Brown
extensive section on major international organizations and Publisher,TheStatesman’sYearbook
Explore the world at
www.statesmansyearbook.com
v
CONTENTS
TIMEZONESMAPFrontEndpaper
PREFACE v
WHATFUTUREFORDEMOCRACY?BYBARRYTURNER xv
2,500YEARSOFDEMOCRACY xviii
GAH-KAILEUNGONEDWARDSAID xix
2015IN1,000WORDS xx
WORLDPOPULATION xxi
KEYWORLDFACTS xxii
RECOMMENDEDFURTHERREADING xxiii
CHRONOLOGY xxiv
PartI:InternationalOrganizations
Page
UNITEDNATIONS(UN).....................................................................................................................................................3
GeneralAssembly................................................................................................................................................................3
SecurityCouncil...................................................................................................................................................................4
EconomicandSocialCouncil...........................................................................................................................................5
InternationalCourtofJustice...........................................................................................................................................5
Secretariat..............................................................................................................................................................................6
MemberStates......................................................................................................................................................................7
UNIVERSALDECLARATIONOFHUMANRIGHTS.................................................................................................8
UNITEDNATIONSSYSTEM ...........................................................................................................................................10
ProgrammesandFunds...................................................................................................................................................10
ResearchandTrainingInstitutes....................................................................................................................................12
OtherUNEntities..............................................................................................................................................................12
Information.........................................................................................................................................................................13
SPECIALIZEDAGENCIESOFTHEUN.........................................................................................................................13
FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO).................................................................................................................13
InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment—TheWorldBank(IBRD)...................................14
InternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA)...........................................................................................................16
InternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC).....................................................................................................................16
MultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency(MIGA).................................................................................................16
InternationalCentreforSettlementofInvestmentDisputes(ICSID)...................................................................16
InternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO)....................................................................................................16
InternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopment(IFAD)......................................................................................16
InternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)....................................................................................................................17
InternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)..............................................................................................................18
InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF).............................................................................................................................18
InternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)........................................................................................................20
UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).................................................20
UNIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO)...............................................................................................21
UniversalPostalUnion(UPU).......................................................................................................................................22
WorldHealthOrganization(WHO).............................................................................................................................22
WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)...................................................................................................23
WorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO).............................................................................................................24
WorldTourismOrganization(UNWTO)...................................................................................................................24
OTHERORGANSRELATEDTOTHEUN...................................................................................................................25
InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA).............................................................................................................25
WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...............................................................................................................................25
PreparatoryCommissionfortheComprehensiveNuclear-Test-BanTreatyOrganization(CTBTO)...........26
OrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemicalWeapons(OPCW)........................................................................26
UNCONVENTIONS............................................................................................................................................................26
ConventionontheRightsofPersonswithDisabilities.............................................................................................26
UnitedNationsConventiontoCombatDesertification...........................................................................................26
UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange.................................................................................27
Europe
EUROPEANUNION(EU)..................................................................................................................................................27
EUINSTITUTIONS..............................................................................................................................................................32
EuropeanCommission.....................................................................................................................................................32
StatisticalOfficeoftheEuropeanCommunities(Eurostat).....................................................................................33
vii
viii CONTENTS
CounciloftheEuropeanUnion(CouncilofMinisters)...........................................................................................33
EuropeanCouncil..............................................................................................................................................................34
EuropeanParliament........................................................................................................................................................35
CourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanUnion.......................................................................................................................35
EuropeanCourtofAuditors............................................................................................................................................35
EuropeanCentralBank....................................................................................................................................................35
OTHEREUSTRUCTURES.................................................................................................................................................36
EuropeanInvestmentBank.............................................................................................................................................36
EuropeanInvestmentFund.............................................................................................................................................36
EuropeanDataProtectionSupervisor...........................................................................................................................36
EuropeanOmbudsman....................................................................................................................................................36
AdvisoryBodies.................................................................................................................................................................36
MAINEUAGENCIES..........................................................................................................................................................36
AgencyfortheCooperationofEnergyRegulators.....................................................................................................36
BodyofEuropeanRegulatorsforElectronicCommunications...............................................................................37
CommunityPlantVarietyOffice...................................................................................................................................37
EuratomSupplyAgency...................................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanAgencyfortheoperationalmanagementoflarge-scaleITsystems
intheareaoffreedom,securityandjustice..............................................................................................................37
EuropeanAgencyforSafetyandHealthatWork......................................................................................................37
EuropeanAgencyfortheManagementofOperationalCooperationatthe
ExternalBorders..............................................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanAsylumSupportOffice..................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanAviationSafetyAgency..................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanBankingAuthority..........................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanCentreforDiseasePreventionandControl..............................................................................................37
EuropeanCentrefortheDevelopmentofVocationalTraining..............................................................................37
EuropeanChemicalsAgency...........................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanDefenceAgency...............................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanEnvironmentAgency.....................................................................................................................................37
EuropeanFisheriesControlAgency..............................................................................................................................38
EuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority....................................................................................................................................38
EuropeanFoundationfortheImprovementofLivingandWorkingConditions...............................................38
EuropeanGNSSAgency...................................................................................................................................................38
EuropeanInstituteforGenderEquality.......................................................................................................................38
EuropeanInstituteofInnovationandTechnology....................................................................................................38
EuropeanInsuranceandOccupationalPensionsAuthority....................................................................................38
EuropeanJointUndertakingforITERandtheDevelopmentofFusionEnergy................................................38
EuropeanMaritimeSafetyAgency................................................................................................................................38
EuropeanMedicinesAgency...........................................................................................................................................38
EuropeanMonitoringCentreforDrugsandDrugAddiction.................................................................................38
EuropeanNetworkandInformationSecurityAgency..............................................................................................38
EuropeanPoliceCollege(CEPOL)................................................................................................................................38
EuropeanPoliceOffice(Europol)..................................................................................................................................38
EuropeanRailwayAgency...............................................................................................................................................38
EuropeanSecuritiesandMarketsAuthority................................................................................................................39
EuropeanTrainingFoundation......................................................................................................................................39
EuropeanUnionAgencyforFundamentalRights.....................................................................................................39
EuropeanUnionInstituteforSecurityStudies...........................................................................................................39
EuropeanUnionSatelliteCentre....................................................................................................................................39
OfficeforHarmonizationintheInternalMarket......................................................................................................39
SingleResolutionBoard...................................................................................................................................................39
TheEuropeanUnion’sJudicialCooperationUnit.....................................................................................................39
TranslationCentreforBodiesoftheEuropeanUnion.............................................................................................39
COUNCILOFEUROPE......................................................................................................................................................40
ORGANIZATIONFORSECURITYANDCO-OPERATIONINEUROPE(OSCE)...........................................41
EUROPEANBANKFORRECONSTRUCTIONANDDEVELOPMENT(EBRD)..............................................42
EUROPEANFREETRADEASSOCIATION(EFTA)...................................................................................................42
EUROPEANSPACEAGENCY(ESA)..............................................................................................................................43
CERN—THEEUROPEANORGANIZATIONFORNUCLEARRESEARCH.......................................................43
CENTRALEUROPEANINITIATIVE(CEI)..................................................................................................................43
NORDICCOUNCIL ............................................................................................................................................................43
NORDICDEVELOPMENTFUND(NDF).....................................................................................................................43
NORDICINVESTMENTBANK(NIB)...........................................................................................................................43
COUNCILOFTHEBALTICSEASTATES....................................................................................................................43
EUROPEANBROADCASTINGUNION(EBU)...........................................................................................................44
BLACKSEAECONOMICCOOPERATION(BSEC)...................................................................................................44
CONTENTS ix
DANUBECOMMISSION....................................................................................................................................................44
EUROPEANTRADEUNIONCONFEDERATION(ETUC).....................................................................................44
OtherOrganizations
ALLIANCEOFSMALLISLANDSTATES(AOSIS).....................................................................................................45
AMNESTYINTERNATIONAL(AI)................................................................................................................................45
BANKFORINTERNATIONALSETTLEMENTS(BIS)..............................................................................................45
COMMONWEALTH............................................................................................................................................................45
COMMONWEALTHOFINDEPENDENTSTATES(CIS)........................................................................................47
EURASIANECONOMICUNION(EEU).......................................................................................................................47
INTERNATIONALAIRTRANSPORTASSOCIATION(IATA)..............................................................................48
INTERNATIONALCOMMITTEEOFTHEREDCROSS(ICRC)...........................................................................48
INTERNATIONALCRIMINALCOURT(ICC)............................................................................................................48
INTERNATIONALINSTITUTEFORDEMOCRACYANDELECTORALASSISTANCE(IDEA).................49
INTERNATIONALMOBILESATELLITEORGANIZATION(IMSO)...................................................................49
INTERNATIONALOLYMPICCOMMITTEE(IOC)..................................................................................................49
INTERNATIONALORGANISATIONOFLAFRANCOPHONIE..........................................................................49
INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORMIGRATION(IOM)..........................................................................50
INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATION(ISO)...........................................................50
INTERNATIONALROADFEDERATION(IRF).........................................................................................................50
INTERNATIONALSEABEDAUTHORITY(ISA).......................................................................................................50
INTERNATIONALTELECOMMUNICATIONSSATELLITEORGANIZATION(ITSO)................................51
INTERNATIONALTRADEUNIONCONFEDERATION(ITUC)..........................................................................51
INTERNATIONALTRIBUNALFORTHELAWOFTHESEA(ITLOS)..............................................................52
INTERNATIONALUNIONAGAINSTCANCER(UICC)........................................................................................52
INTER-PARLIAMENTARYUNION(IPU)....................................................................................................................52
INTERPOL(INTERNATIONALCRIMINALPOLICEORGANIZATION)..........................................................52
ISLAMICDEVELOPMENTBANK...................................................................................................................................53
MÉDECINSSANSFRONTIÈRES(MSF).........................................................................................................................53
NOBELPRIZES......................................................................................................................................................................53
SVERIGESRIKSBANKPRIZEINECONOMICSCIENCESINMEMORYOFALFREDNOBEL..................54
NORTHATLANTICTREATYORGANIZATION(NATO)......................................................................................54
ORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCO-OPERATIONANDDEVELOPMENT(OECD)..............................57
ORGANIZATIONOFTHEISLAMICCONFERENCE(OIC)...................................................................................58
UNREPRESENTEDNATIONSANDPEOPLESORGANIZATION(UNPO).......................................................58
WORLDCOUNCILOFCHURCHES..............................................................................................................................58
WORLDCUSTOMSORGANIZATION..........................................................................................................................59
WORLDFEDERATIONOFTRADEUNIONS(WFTU)...........................................................................................59
Africa
AFRICANDEVELOPMENTBANK.................................................................................................................................59
AFRICANEXPORT–IMPORTBANK(AFREXIMBANK).........................................................................................60
AFRICANUNION(AU).....................................................................................................................................................60
BANKOFCENTRALAFRICANSTATES(BEAC)......................................................................................................60
CENTRALBANKOFWESTAFRICANSTATES(BCEAO)......................................................................................61
COMMONMARKETFOREASTERNANDSOUTHERNAFRICA(COMESA)................................................61
EASTAFRICANCOMMUNITY(EAC)..........................................................................................................................61
EASTAFRICANDEVELOPMENTBANK(EADB).....................................................................................................61
ECONOMICCOMMUNITYOFCENTRALAFRICANSTATES(CEEAC)..........................................................61
ECONOMICCOMMUNITYOFWESTAFRICANSTATES(ECOWAS).............................................................61
INTERGOVERNMENTALAUTHORITYONDEVELOPMENT............................................................................62
LAKECHADBASINCOMMISSION...............................................................................................................................62
NIGERBASINAUTHORITY.............................................................................................................................................62
SOUTHERNAFRICANCUSTOMSUNION(SACU).................................................................................................62
SOUTHERNAFRICANDEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY(SADC)........................................................................63
WESTAFRICANDEVELOPMENTBANK(BOAD)...................................................................................................63
WESTAFRICANECONOMICANDMONETARYUNION(UEMOA)..............................................................63
Americas
AGENCYFORTHEPROHIBITIONOFNUCLEARWEAPONSINLATIN
AMERICAANDTHECARIBBEAN(OPANAL).....................................................................................................63
ANDEANCOMMUNITY...................................................................................................................................................64
ASSOCIATIONOFCARIBBEANSTATES(ACS)........................................................................................................64
CARIBBEANCOMMUNITY(CARICOM)....................................................................................................................64
CARIBBEANDEVELOPMENTBANK(CDB)..............................................................................................................65
CENTRALAMERICANBANKFORECONOMICINTEGRATION(CABEI).....................................................65
CENTRALAMERICANINTEGRATIONSYSTEM(SICA).......................................................................................65
EASTERNCARIBBEANCENTRALBANK(ECCB)....................................................................................................66
x CONTENTS
INTER-AMERICANDEVELOPMENTBANK(IDB)..................................................................................................66
LATINAMERICANECONOMICSYSTEM(SELA)....................................................................................................66
LATINAMERICANINTEGRATIONASSOCIATION(ALADI/LAIA).................................................................66
LATINAMERICANRESERVEFUND............................................................................................................................66
ORGANISATIONOFEASTERNCARIBBEANSTATES(OECS)............................................................................67
ORGANIZATIONOFAMERICANSTATES(OAS)....................................................................................................67
PACIFICALLIANCE............................................................................................................................................................68
SECRETARIATFORCENTRALAMERICANECONOMICINTEGRATION(SIECA)....................................68
SOUTHERNCOMMONMARKET(MERCOSUR).....................................................................................................68
UNIONOFSOUTHAMERICANNATIONS(UNASUR)........................................................................................68
Asia/Pacific
ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK.......................................................................................................................................69
ASIANINFRASTRUCTUREINVESTMENTBANK(AIIB)......................................................................................69
ASIA-PACIFICECONOMICCO-OPERATION(APEC)...........................................................................................69
ASSOCIATIONOFSOUTHEASTASIANNATIONS(ASEAN).............................................................................70
ASEAN-MekongBasinDevelopmentCo-operation(MekongGroup).................................................................70
COLOMBOPLAN.................................................................................................................................................................71
ECONOMICCO-OPERATIONORGANIZATION(ECO)........................................................................................71
PACIFICISLANDSFORUM(PIF)...................................................................................................................................71
SECRETARIATOFTHEPACIFICCOMMUNITY(SPC).........................................................................................72
SHANGHAICOOPERATIONORGANISATION........................................................................................................72
SOUTHASIANASSOCIATIONFORREGIONALCO-OPERATION(SAARC)................................................72
MiddleEast
ARABFUNDFORECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENT(AFESD).......................................................73
ARABMONETARYFUND(AMF)..................................................................................................................................73
ARABORGANIZATIONFORAGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENT(AOAD)....................................................73
GULFCO-OPERATIONCOUNCIL(GCC)...................................................................................................................73
LEAGUEOFARABSTATES..............................................................................................................................................74
ORGANIZATIONOFARABPETROLEUMEXPORTINGCOUNTRIES(OAPEC)..........................................74
ORGANIZATIONOFTHEPETROLEUMEXPORTINGCOUNTRIES(OPEC)................................................74
OPECFundforInternationalDevelopment................................................................................................................75
EnvironmentalOrganizations
FRIENDSOFTHEEARTHINTERNATIONAL...........................................................................................................75
GLOBALENVIRONMENTFACILITY(GEF)...............................................................................................................75
GREENPEACEINTERNATIONAL..................................................................................................................................75
WORLDWIDEFUNDFORNATURE(WWF)............................................................................................................76
Treaties
ANTARCTICTREATY........................................................................................................................................................76
NUCLEARNON-PROLIFERATIONTREATY(NPT)................................................................................................76
LeadingThinkTanks
AFRICANCENTREFORTHECONSTRUCTIVERESOLUTIONOFDISPUTES.............................................76
AMERICANENTERPRISEINSTITUTE(FORPUBLICPOLICYRESEARCH)..................................................77
ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANKINSTITUTE...............................................................................................................77
BARCELONACENTREFORINTERNATIONALAFFAIRS.....................................................................................77
BROOKINGSINSTITUTION............................................................................................................................................77
BRUEGEL................................................................................................................................................................................77
CARNEGIEENDOWMENTFORINTERNATIONALPEACE................................................................................77
CARNEGIEMIDDLEEASTCENTER.............................................................................................................................77
CARNEGIEMOSCOWCENTER......................................................................................................................................77
CATOINSTITUTE...............................................................................................................................................................77
CENTERFORANEWAMERICANSECURITY..........................................................................................................77
CENTERFORAMERICANPROGRESS.........................................................................................................................78
CENTERFORSTRATEGICANDINTERNATIONALSTUDIES............................................................................78
CENTREFORECONOMICPOLICYRESEARCH.......................................................................................................78
CENTREFOREUROPEANPOLICYSTUDIES............................................................................................................78
CENTROBRASILEIRODERELAÇÕESINTERNACIONAIS..................................................................................78
CHATHAMHOUSE(ROYALINSTITUTEOFINTERNATIONALAFFAIRS)..................................................78
CHINAINSTITUTEOFINTERNATIONALSTUDIES..............................................................................................78
CHINAINSTITUTESOFCONTEMPORARYINTERNATIONALRELATIONS...............................................78
CHINESEACADEMYOFSOCIALSCIENCES............................................................................................................78
COUNCILONFOREIGNRELATIONS..........................................................................................................................78
DANISHINSTITUTEFORINTERNATIONALSTUDIES........................................................................................79
EUROPEANCOUNCILONFOREIGNRELATIONS.................................................................................................79