The Spirit of Hispanism: Commerce, Culture, and Identity Across the Atlantic, 1875-1936

308 Pages·2020·15.889 MB·English

by  Diana Arbaiza

THE SPIRIT OF HISPANISM

the S P I R I T of
H I S P A N I S M
Commerce, Culture, and Identity
across the Atlantic, 1875–1936
DIANA ARBAIZA
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME PRESS
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA
Copyright © 2020 University of Notre Dame
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
undpress.nd.edu
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Arbaiza, Diana, 1980- author.
Title: The spirit of Hispanism : commerce, culture, and identity
across the Atlantic, 1875–1936 / Diana Arbaiza.
Description: Notre Dame, Indiana : University of Notre Dame Press, 2020. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019054581 (print) | LCCN 2019054582 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780268106935 (hardback) | ISBN 9780268106966 (adobe pdf) |
ISBN 9780268106959 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Pan-Hispanism—History. |
Latin America—Relations—Spain. Spain—Relations—Latin America.
Classification: LCC F1416.S7 A725 2020 (print) |
LCC F1416.S7 (ebook) | DDC 327.8046—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054581
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054582
This e-Book was converted from the original source file by a third-party
vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are
encouraged to contact the publisher at [email protected].
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
one. Hispanism as Vindication: Spain as Other in 30
the Age of Commerce
two. The Emergence of Hispanic Idealism, 1892–1900 64
three. Complicated Harmonies: Economic and Cultural 116
Initiatives in Progressive Hispanism
four. Ramiro de Maeztu and the Search for a Hispanic 154
Economic Ideology
five. Commercial Hispanism: Marketing Spiritual Capital 187
Afterword 238
Notes 245
Works Cited 263
Index 286

IILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Allegorical Float at the Centennial of 1892 69
Figure 2. Scenes from the Parade of Commerce and Industries in
Madrid at the Centennial of 1892 73
Figure 3. Cartoon Parodying the Centennial Celebrations in
Madrid 74
Figure 4. Cartoon of Columbus in an Advertisement 75
Figure 5. Allegorical Representations of Spain and
Spanish America in El Centenario 83
Figure 6. Caricature of the United States in La Campana de
Gracia 96
Figure 7. Design for a Proposed Monument to the “Discovery”
for the Chicago Exhibition of 1893 99
Figure 8. Illustration for an Article on Rodó, Author of Ariel 108
Figure 9. Illustration of the Metaphor of Sisterhood “from
Nation to Nation” 192
Figure 10. Cover designs for Mercurio 202
Figure 11. Front Cover of How Spain Is Loved (1920) 207
vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to start by thanking my editor, Eli Bortz, for believing in
this project, and the team at Notre Dame for making it possible.
Throughout the long process of creating this book, many people have
influenced my ideas, but I would like to give special credit to those who
had the most direct impact. I am the only one responsible for any errors
in this work, but the following people inspired the best aspects of this
project.
Even though this book departed enormously from my doctoral dis-
sertation, the intellectual foundation behind it is undoubtedly shaped
by my professors at the University of Illinois: Elena Delgado, Joyce
Tolliver, and Mariselle Meléndez. Special thanks to Michael Palencia-
Roth, who inspired me to research cross-cultural exchanges, and to my
advisor, E ricka Beckman, who guided me into new theoretical fields and
venues of inquiry. I feel very grateful for her ongoing mentorship and
for her valuable feedback on this project.
This book would not have been possible without the support of my
colleagues in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures at
North Carolina State University. I thank Ruth Gross for her endeavors
to facilitate my research and for the time and means made available for
my archival work in Spain. Even more important was the stimulating
and encouraging environment at NC State. I benefited enormously
from the exchange with all my colleagues, but I would like to particu-
larly mention Agustín Pastén and Patricia Morgado, as well as Shelley
Garrigan, who read several chapters of the book and gave me the sharp-
est and most constructive criticism. I am profoundly indebted to Elvira
Vilches and Jordi Marí for their brilliant scholarly inspiration and their
generosity as friends. Our conversations on literature, economy, and
ix