The Sperm Cell - Production, Maturation, Fertilization, Regeneration

316 Pages·2017·22.78 MB·English

by  Christopher J. De Jonge

Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-12632-9 — The Sperm Cell
2nd Edition
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The Sperm Cell
Second Edition
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-12632-9 — The Sperm Cell
2nd Edition
Frontmatter
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The Sperm Cell
Production, Maturation, Fertilization, Regeneration
Second Edition
Editedby
ChristopherJ.DeJonge
UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA
ChristopherL.R.Barratt
UniversityofDundee,NinewellsHospital,Dundee,UK
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2nd Edition
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Contents
ListofContributors pagevii
ForewordbyRyuzoYanagimachi x
Preface xiii
1 Spermatogenesis:Clinicaland 9 ProteomicsofCapacitation 143
ExperimentalConsiderations 1 MarkA.Baker
EllenGoossensandHermanTournaye
10 CurrentConceptsandUnresolved
2 SpermChromatinStabilityand QuestionsinHumanSpermCumulus
SusceptibilitytoDamageinRelationto andZonaInteraction 152
ItsStructure 21 ChristopherJ.DeJongeandChristopherL.R.
W.StevenWard Barratt
3 SpermUltrastructureinFertileMenand 11 Sperm-SpeciicWW-Domain-Binding
MaleSterility:Revisiting Proteins 157
Teratozoospermia 36 RichardOko,MahmoudAarabi,JiudeMao,
HectorE.Chemes HannaBalakierandPeterSutovsky
4 SpermRNAandItsUseasaClinical 12 FundamentalRoleforSperm
Marker 59 PhospholipaseC(cid:2) inMammalian
MeritxellJodar,EsterAntonandStephenA. Fertilization 177
Krawetz MichailNomikos,KarlSwannand
F.AnthonyLai
5 RoleoftheEpididymisinSperm
Maturation 73 13 MaleInfertilityandAssisted
RobertSullivanandCle´menceBelleanne´e Reproduction 193
NigelPereira,QueenieV.Neri,TylerCozzubbo,
6 SeminalPlasmaPlaysImportantRolesin
StephanieCheung,ZevRosenwaksand
Fertility 88
GianpieroD.Palermo
SusanS.SuarezandMarianaF.Wolfner
14 TheGeneticBasisofMale
7 PhysiologicalandPathologicalAspects
Infertility 208
ofSpermMetabolism 109
AminS.Herati,PeterR.Butlerand
ZamiraGibbandRobertJohnAitken
DoloresJ.Lamb
8 RegulationofSpermBehaviour:The 15 TheSpermEpigenome 230
Role(s)of[Ca2+] Signalling 126
i TimothyG.JenkinsandDouglasT.Carrell
StephenPublicover
v
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Contents
16 EnvironmentalFactorsandMale 18 MouseGenetics–HowDoesItInform
Fertility 240 MaleFertilityResearch? 280
TinaKoldJensen,HanneFrederiksen,Katrine LauraO’HaraandLeeB.Smith
BayandNielsE.Skakkebaek
17 SusceptibilityoftheTestistoLifestyle
andEnvironmentalFactorsDuringthe
LifeCourse 260 Index 297
RichardM.Sharpe
Colourplatesaretobefoundbetweenpages178
and179.
vi
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Contributors
MahmoudAarabi,MD,PhD Cle´menceBelleanne´e,PhD
PostdoctoralFellow,DepartmentofHumanGenetics, AssociateProfessorattheDepartmentof
SchoolofMedicine,McGillUniversity,Montreal,QC, Obstetrics,GynecologyandReproduction,
Canada Universite´Laval,andReproduction,Mother
andYouthHealthDivision,CHUdeQue´bec-
RobertJohnAitken,PhD
Universite´LavalResearchCenter,QC,Canada
ProVice-Chancellor,FacultyofHealthandMedicine,
LaureateProfessorofBiologicalSciences,Priority PeterR.Butler,BA
ResearchCentreforReproductiveScienceand CenterforReproductiveMedicine,Baylor
PresidentattheInternationalSocietyofAndrology, CollegeofMedicine,andtheScottDepartment
heUniversityofNewcastle,Callaghan,NSW, ofUrology,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,
Australia TX,USA
EsterAnton,PhD DouglasT.Carrell,PhD
AggregateProfessorattheDepartmentofCell DepartmentofSurgery(Urology)and
Biology,PhysiologyandImmunology,Universitat DepartmentofHumanGenetics,Universityof
Auto`nomadeBarcelona,Bellaterra(Cerdanyoladel UtahSchoolofMedicine,SaltLakeCity,UT,
Valle`s),Spain USA
MarkA.Baker,PhD HectorE.Chemes,MD,PhD
HeadofReproductiveProteomics,Disciplineof LaboratoryofTesticularPhysiologyand
BiologicalSciences,UniversityofNewcastle, Pathology,CEDIE-CONICET,Centerfor
Callaghan,NSW,Australia ResearchinEndocrinology,NationalResearch
Council,EndocrinologyDivision,BuenosAires
HannaBalakier,PhD Children´sHospital,Argentina
LaboratoryDirector,CReATeFertilityCentre,
Toronto,ON,Canada StephanieCheung,BS
RonaldO.PerelmanandClaudiaCohenCenterfor
ChristopherL.R.Barratt,PhD
ReproductiveMedicine,WeillCornellMedical
ProfessorofReproductiveMedicineattheSchoolof
College,NewYork,NY,USA
Medicine,UniversityofDundee,NinewellsHospital,
Dundee,UK TylerCozzubbo,BS
RonaldO.PerelmanandClaudiaCohenCenterfor
KatrineBay,PhD
ReproductiveMedicine,WeillCornellMedical
ScientiicWriter,DepartmentofGrowthand
College,NewYork,NY,USA
Reproduction,Rigshospitalet,Universityof
Copenhagen,Denmark,andInternationalCenterfor ChristopherJ.DeJonge,PhD
ResearchandResearchTraininginEndocrine Director,AndrologyProgramattheUniversityof
DisruptionofMaleReproductionandChildHealth MinnesotaMedicalCenter,andAdjunctProfessorat
(EDMaRC),Rigshospitalet,Universityof theDepartmentofUrology,UniversityofMinnesota,
Copenhagen,Denmark Minneapolis,MN,USA
vii
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ListofContributors
HanneFrederiksen,PhD DoloresJ.Lamb,PhD
SeniorResearcherattheDepartmentofGrowthand CenterforReproductiveMedicine,BaylorCollege
Reproduction,Rigshospitalet,Universityof ofMedicine,theScottDepartmentofUrology,
Copenhagen,andInternationalCenterforResearch BaylorCollegeofMedicine,andtheDepartment
andResearchTraininginEndocrineDisruptionof ofMolecularandCellularBiology,Baylor
MaleReproductionandChildHealth(EDMaRC), CollegeofMedicine,Houston,TX,
Rigshospitalet,UniversityofCopenhagen,Denmark USA
ZamiraGibb,PhD JiudeMao,PhD
PriorityResearchCentreforReproductiveScience ResearchAssistantProfessor,DivisionofAnimal
andDisciplineofBiologicalSciences,heUniversity Sciences,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO,
ofNewcastle,Callaghan,NSW,Australia USA,
EllenGoossens,PhD QueenieV.Neri,MSc
BiologyoftheTestisResearchUnit,VrijeUniversiteit RonaldO.PerelmanandClaudiaCohenCenterfor
Brussel,Brussels,Belgium ReproductiveMedicine,WeillCornellMedical
College,NewYork,NY,USA
AminS.Herati,MD,PhD
CenterforReproductiveMedicine,BaylorCollegeof MichailNomikos,PhD
Medicine,andtheScottDepartmentofUrology, CollegeofBiomedicalandLifeSciences,Cardif
BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,TX,USA University,Cardif,UK
TimothyG.Jenkins,PhD LauraO’Hara,PhD
DepartmentofSurgery(Urology),UniversityofUtah PostdoctoralResearchFellowattheMRC
SchoolofMedicine,SaltLakeCity,UT,USA CentreforReproductiveHealth,Universityof
Edinburgh,heQueen’sMedicalResearchInstitute,
TinaKoldJensen,MD,PhD
Edinburgh,UK
ConsultantattheDepartmentofGrowthand
Reproduction,Rigshospitalet,Universityof RichardOko,PhD
Copenhagen,Denmark,andDepartmentof Professor,DepartmentofBiomedicalandMolecular
EnvironmentalMedicine,InstituteofPublicHealth, Sciences,SchoolofMedicine,Queen’sUniversity,
UniversityofSouthernDenmark,Odense,Denmark Kingston,ON,Canada
MeritxellJodar,PhD GianpieroD.Palermo,MD,PhD
PostdoctoralFellow,MolecularBiologyof RonaldO.PerelmanandClaudiaCohenCenterfor
ReproductionandDevelopmentResearchGroup, ReproductiveMedicine,WeillCornellMedical
Institutd’InvestigacionsBiome`diquesAugustPii College,NewYork,NY,USA
Sunyer(IDIBAPS),UniversityofBarcelona,
Barcelona,Spain NigelPereira,MD
RonaldO.PerelmanandClaudiaCohenCenterfor
StephenA.Krawetz,PhD
ReproductiveMedicine,WeillCornellMedical
AssociateDirectorattheC.S.MottCenterforHuman College,NewYork,NY,USA
GrowthandDevelopmentandCharlotteB.Failing
ProfessorofFoetalherapyandDiagnosis, StephenPublicover,PhD
DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology,Centerfor ReaderinReproductivePhysiology,Schoolof
MolecularMedicineandGenetics,C.S.MottCenter Biosciences,UniversityofBirmingham,Edgbaston,
forHumanGrowthandDevelopment,WayneState Birmingham,UK
UniversitySchoolofMedicine,Detroit,MI,USA
ZevRosenwaks,MD
F.AnthonyLai,PhD RonaldO.PerelmanandClaudiaCohenCenterfor
Professor,CollegeofBiomedicalandLifeSciences, ReproductiveMedicine,WeillCornellMedical
CardifUniversity,Cardif,UK College,NewYork,NY,USA
viii
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ListofContributors
RichardM.Sharpe,PhD PeterSutovsky,PhD
HonoraryProfessorattheMRCCentrefor Professor,DivisionofAnimalSciences,and
ReproductiveHealth,heQueen’sMedicalResearch DepartmentsofObstetrics,Gynecology&Women’s
Institute,heUniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh, Health,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMissouri,
UK Columbia,MO,USA
NielsE.Skakkebaek,MD
KarlSwann
SeniorResearcherattheDepartmentofGrowthand
CollegeofBiomedicalandLifeSciences,Cardif
Reproduction,Rigshospitalet,Universityof
University,Cardif,UK
Copenhagen,Denmark,andInternationalCenterfor
ResearchandResearchTraininginEndocrine
DisruptionofMaleReproductionandChildHealth HermanTournaye,MD,PhD
(EDMaRC),Rigshospitalet,Universityof CentreofReproductiveMedicine,University
Copenhagen,Denmark HospitalUZBrussel,Brussels,Belgium
LeeB.Smith,PhD
W.StevenWard,PhD
Professor,ChairofGeneticEndocrinologyandHead
ProfessorandDirectorattheDepartmentof
ofMaleHealthResearch,MRCCentrefor
Anatomy,BiochemistryandPhysiology,Institute
ReproductiveHealth,UniversityofEdinburgh,he
forBiogenesisResearch,andChief,Research
Queen’sMedicalResearchInstitute,Edinburgh,UK
DivisionandLakshmiDeviandDevrajSharma
SusanS.Suarez,PhD EndowedChair,DepartmentofObstetricsand
DepartmentofBiomedicalSciences,Cornell GynecologyandWomen’sHealth,JohnA.Burns
UniversityCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,Ithaca, SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofHawaiiatManoa,
NY,USA Honolulu,HI,USA
RobertSullivan,PhD
MarianaF.Wolfner,PhD
ProfessorattheDepartmentofObstetrics,
DepartmentofMolecularBiologyandGenetics,
GynecologyandReproduction,Universite´Laval,and
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
Reproduction,MotherandYouthHealthDivision,
CentrederechercheduCHUdeQue´bec-Universite´
Laval,QC,Canada
ix
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Foreword
Eggs are made for sperm. Sperm are made for eggs. spring.Whatisfoundinonespeciesmustbeextrapo-
Allother(body)cellsaremadetosupport,directlyor latedtootherspecieswithcaution.
indirectly,thedevelopmentofeggsandspermandthe Today,itistheoreticallypossibletoreproduceany
survivaloftheirunitedproduct:thezygote–thenext mammals without males. In fact, hundreds of cows
generation. he prime function of spermatozoa is to have already been produced by somatic cell nuclear
deliver the male genome safely into eggs. Any errors transfer. Clearly, males are not essential for ani-
during sperm formation, maturation and union with mal and human reproduction. Why are there males?
eggswillresultinseriousproblemsinthemale’sfertil- At the beginning of life on Earth, there were no
ityandinthewellbeingoftheofspring. males.Femalesreproducedbythemselves.Duringthe
hisbookcoversourcurrentknowledgeof(1)the courseofevolution,abisexualmodeofreproduction
formationofspermatozoa,(2)thepreparationofsper- emerged,andithasbeenmaintainedinmostanimals,
matozoaforfertilization,(3)theunionofspermatozoa includinghumans.Comparedwithanimalspropagat-
witheggs,(4)theawakeningof‘sleeping’eggsbysper- ingunisexually(femalesonly),animalsusingabisex-
matozoaleadingtoembryodevelopment,(5)genomic ualmodeofreproductionseemtobelessvulnerableto
and nongenomic (e.g. environmental) factors afect- extinctioninthefaceofconstantlychanging,compet-
ingthedevelopmentandfertilityofspermatozoa,and itiveenvironments.Technically,humancloning(non-
(6) the challenges of overcoming male (sperm) fer- sexualreproduction)ispossibletoday.Inotherwords,
tility problems. Information compiled in each chap- humanscanreproducewithoutmales.Isthiswhatwe
ter should be considered a stepping stone to better desire? A few years ater the birth of Dolly (a cloned
understandingandbettercontrolofmalefertilityand sheep)andmanyclonedmice,Igavetalkstogroupsof
infertility. peopleaboutanimalandhumancloning.Attheendof
he very irst chapter of this book mentions the mytalkIaskedtheaudienceiftheywantedtolivein
possibleproductionof‘artiicialhumanspermatozoa’ aworldwithoutmen.Withnoexception,womendid
from pluripotent stem cells such as human iPSCs. notwanttoliveintheworldwithoutmen.‘Itwouldbe
Obviously,itisnotappropriatetouseliveanimalsor boring.Wecannotusemen?hatwouldbehorrible.’
get assistance from live animal cells to achieve this Menareneededbywomen,andwewillstaythatway.
goal. To eliminate or minimize the stress and risks WhenIstartedresearchasanundergraduatestu-
thesecellswouldfaceduringtheirtransformationinto dent, I thought everything written in books and
haploidcells,wemustlearnmuchmoreaboutwhatis research papers was a fact. I now know that what is
reallyhappeninginthenaturalenvironmentofsper- written is authors’ interpretations or just a part of
matogeniccells,withinthetestes.helastchaptercon- the whole story. Many things written in books and
sidersthevalueofthemouseasamodelforthestudy reportedinoriginalpaperswillbemodiiedandeven
ofmammalianfertilityandinfertility.Isthemousea discarded during the next 40–50 years. Science pro-
perfect animal model to use for the study of fertil- gressesthatway.
ityandinfertilityofallmammals,includinghumans? hecomprehensivecollectionoftopics thatcom-
Althoughthemouseiscertainlyoneofthemostheav- posethisneweditionofheSpermCellprovideread-
ilyusedmodelanimalsforstudyingmammalianfer- ers with a map and compass to chart a course for
tilityandreproduction,wemustrememberthateach futureinvestigations.Itisthereaders’taskaterreading
animalusesspecies-speciictacticstoproduceitsof- thesehighlytopicalresearchareastodeterminewhat
x
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