The Spanish Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 2

337 Pages·2016·3.137 MB·English

by  H. Micheal Tarver, Emily Slape

Te Spanish Empire
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THE SPANISH
EMPIRE
A Historical Encyclopedia
Volume 2
H. Micheal Tarver, Editor
Emily Slape, Assistant Editor
Empires of the World
Copyright © 2016 by ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission
in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Tarver Denova, Hollis Micheal, editor. | Slape, Emily, editor.
Title: Te Spanish empire : a historical encyclopedia / H. Micheal Tarver, editor ;
Emily Slape, assistant editor.
Description: Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, 2016. | Series: Empires of the world |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifers: LCCN 2015043401 | ISBN 9781610694216 (set : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781440845703 (volume 1 : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781440845710 (volume 2 : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781610694223 (EISBN)
Subjects: LCSH: Spain—Colonies—History—Encyclopedias.
Classifcation: LCC JV4011 .S63 2016 | DDC 909/.0971246003—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015043401
ISBN: 978-1-61069-421-6 (set)
978-1-4408-4570-3 (vol 1)
978-1-4408-4571-0 (vol 2)
EISBN: 978-1-61069-422-3
20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5
Tis book is also available as an eBook.
ABC-CLIO
An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC
ABC-CLIO, LLC
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
www.abc-clio.com
Tis book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
Tis work is dedicated to Rosemary Denova Tarver, María Auxiliadora Petit de
Márquez, and Wes Schwemmer Cady.

Contents
VOLUME 1
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction xix
Chronology of the Spanish Empire xxxix
Government and Politics 1
Overview Essay 1
Africa, Scramble for 5
Aragón, Crown of 8
Bourbons 10
Castile, Crown of 13
Conciliar System 15
Enlightened Despotism 17
Fascism in Spain 18
Habsburg Spain 20
Iberian Union 24
Imperialism 26
Leyes de Burgos (1512) 28
Leyes Nuevas (1542) 31
Mercantilism 33
Nationalism 35
Plantation Complex 40
Price Revolution 42
Recopilación de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias (1680) 44
Trade within the Spanish Empire 45
Uprisings, 15th and 16th Centuries 48
Uprisings, 17th and 18th Centuries 50
Uprisings, 19th and 20th Centuries 53
Valois-Habsburg Rivalry 57
vii
viii | Contents
Organization and Administration 61
Overview Essay 61
Alcabala 66
Asiento 67
Audiencia 70
Bourbon Reforms 71
Cabildo 74
Cádiz Trade Monopoly 77
Captaincy General 79
Casa de Contratación 82
Cortes 83
Creation of an Empire 85
Encomienda 91
Magistrate 93
Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade 95
Patronato Real 98
Race and Class 100
Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas 103
Real y Supremo Consejo de Aragón 105
Real y Supremo Consejo de Indias 107
Repartimiento 108
Slavery 109
Tribunal del Santo Ofcio de la Inquisición 113
West Indies Fleet 116
Individuals 119
Overview Essay 119
Alexander VI, Pope (1431–1503) 125
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1941) 128
Atahualpa, Ruler of the Inca Empire (ca. 1500–1533) 131
Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) 133
Charles I, King of Spain (1500–1558) 135
Charles III, King of Spain (1716–1788) 138
Columbus, Christopher (ca. 1450–1506) 140
Cortés, Hernán (1485–1547) 144
Díaz del Castillo, Bernal (ca. 1492–1584) 147
Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragón and Spain (1452–1516) 149
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (1784–1833) 152
Franco, Francisco (1892–1975) 155
Henry III, King of Castile (1379–1406) 157
Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Castile and Spain (1451–1504) 158
Las Casas, Bartolomé de (ca. 1484–1566) 161
Loyola, Ignatius of (1491–1556) 163
Magellan, Ferdinand (ca. 1480–1521) 166
Contents | ix
Mendoza, Antonio de (ca. 1490–1552) 169
Moctezuma II, Ruler of the Aztec Empire (ca. 1466–1520) 170
Núñez de Balboa, Vasco (ca. 1475–1519) 173
Philip II, King of Spain (1527–1598) 175
Pizarro, Francisco (ca. 1471–1541) 177
Sahagún, Bernardino de (1499–1590) 179
San Martín, José de (1788–1850) 181
Vega, Garcilaso de la (1539–1616) 184
Groups and Organizations 187
Overview Essay 187
Castas 195
Catholic Church 198
Clergy 200
Conquistadores 203
Conversos 206
Criollos 208
Cristianos Nuevos 210
Guaraní 213
Hidalgos 215
Ilustrados 217
Indios 220
Katipunan 223
Marranos 225
Maya 227
Mestizos 231
Mozárabes 234
Mudéjares 236
Mulatos 238
Nahuas 241
Ottoman Turks 244
Peninsulares 246
Polisario Front 249
Quechua 251
Taínos 253
Index 257
VOLUME 2
Key Events 1
Overview Essay 1
Alcáçovas, Treaty of (1479) 7
Bankruptcies 10