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ASKE# SIGURD OLAF
THE SOUTH SHENSI LUTHERAN MISSION,
i
THE HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION, PH.D., 19S1
COPR, 1979 ASKE, SIGURD OLAF
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1979
SIGURD OLAF ASKE
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5. Print shows through as there 1s text on both sides of page .
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from school or author _______
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follows _ _ _ _
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University
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INFORMATION TO USERS
This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the
most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document
have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material
submitted.
The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand
markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction.
1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document
photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing
page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages.
This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating
adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity.
2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an
indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of
movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete
copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a
good image of the page in the adjacent frame.
3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo-
graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning”
the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer
of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with
small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning
below the first row and continuing on until complete.
4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by
xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and
tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our
Dissertations Customer Services Department.
5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we
have filmed the best available copy.
University
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300 N. ZEEB ROAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106
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7923555
ASKE# SIGURD OLAF
THE 80UTH SHENSI LUTHERAN MISSION.
THE HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION, PH.O, # 1951
COPR, 1979 ASKE# SIGuRD OLAF
Uniyersitv
■MjcrorUms
International
300 n. zeee road, ann arbor, mi 48106
©
1979
SIGURD OLAF ASKE
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PLEASE NOTE:
In all cases this material has been filmed 1n the best possible
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1. Glossy photographs _______
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’4. Illustrations are poor copy
5. Print shows through as there 1s text on both sides of page _________
6. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages throughout
7. Tightly bound copy with print lost 1n spine ________
8. Computer printout pages with Indistinct print ________
9. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available
from schoolFor author _______
10. Page(s) 6^* seem to be missing 1n numbering on’y as text
follows _______
11. Poor carbon copy _______
12. Not original copy, several pages with blurred type _
13. Appendix pages are poor copy ________
14. Original copy with light type ________
15. Curling and wrinkled pages __
16. Other Pa9es vi> vM , 161, and 310 not received for microfilming.
University
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300 N. ZEEB HO.. ANN ARBOR. Ml 48106 <3131 761-4700
THE SOUTH SHEDSI LUTH3RAH MISSIOH
A THESIS
i
subm itted to
THE HARTFORD SEi.IHTARY FOUHDATICIT
in pr.rti'-'.l fu lfillm e n t
of the re tire m e n ts fo r the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Sigurd Ashe
Hr.rtf or i.l, Connect I cut
Me.y 16, ion;].
i i
PREFACE
The Christism approach to non-C hristian cultures .and com
m unities is today under intense debate. Missionary methods
arc beina; analyzed and evaluated. H istories <f missionaiy
so cieties are bo.ina; w ritten in increasing numbers. To my
knov/lo dpe, however, no h isto ric a l study of scholarly quality
has yet boon done of a mission of the size of the South
Shcns i Luth or.?n Ilia s ion.
The mere fact that roughly one th ird of tin 131 m is
sionary so c ietie s at work in China in 193^ nero sm aller than
this mission (figures based on the Handbook of the Christia n
Movement in China, 193^ e d itio n ), seems to me to ju stify my
choice of subject. Having; boon a m issionary in th is p articu
la r mission for more than fourteen yours, most of the time
'aorkiny in the very fie ld under study, made nc turn to tie
ro so arch, v ith considerable in te re s t.
Never could a h isto ric a l stucy of the South Shansi
Luther ti His a ion hove boon uncle r t - bon at a more appropriate
tim e. Hot only does the temperarv cosaali cn of m issionary
a c tiv itie s in -the spring of 19)19 provide a n atu ral term ination
datoj the evacuation a.lso made i t necessary to ship a ll im
portant field, documents to Norway. Thus '"’or the f ir s t time
in the h isto ry of the m ission, a ll extant records v/ero avail-
i i i
oble in ono ploco.
Burin," ny re scorch in ITorwoy in tho summer of 19-19 > I
land occoss to tho n o to rio l in the HLP orchives, His sion
Office file s , os well os tho ITorsk Luth crsk For lop:1 g co l
lectio n of bock numbers cf the church, papers. In fe e t, tho
"root bulk of tho source muter in i vros brou.ykl to tho Ilnrt ford
Seininory Foundotion c-urnpus •
I bnvo recorded the purpose of th is stud;/ os bdL la.cr thot
of o s tr ic tly h is to r ic ”! ros-.v'rch. My tosk v/os neither to
ju stify or recuse. R”th o r, I hovo otto urn ted to systemotizo
tine: octurl f r e ts , in terp retin g thorn in th e ir nropor context.
Porsonol k.nov/lcdp;e of events ond persons cor.eernod undoubted
ly foci lito to d th is irto rp rc to t ion. At tho some tim e, how
ever , I om ororo of tlii.: d iffic u lty I hovo hod ot tiinos in
oxtricotin.n; myself from tho oituotiov) so os to ff'.in the nccos-
sory oerspoctivo.
As o su b stitu te fo r tho lengthy o ffic i ol notno of the
m ission, the I:orwc::;i~ o S v n o e lic 'l Lutheran Free Church
Chino Hiss ion, I hove chosen to use tho Fnylish tro n slo tio n
of the o ffic ia l Chinese none: the South Shonsi Luthoron
M ission.
To ooch member of the committee, under whoso ffuid^nco
ond o ncour o/r.om ont I hovo boon privilo pod to pur on o my ru
se or eh, I oxtnr.d my do up g ro titu d o . h r. Fori C, Crossy
iv
{0rd in a riu 3), Dr. Daniel Johnson Fleming and Dr. Matthew
Spinkn comprised tho o rig in al committoo. During Dr* Spinka’s
absence from tho campus on sabbatical leave, ho was replaced
by Dr. Henry Allan Gleason, J r.
I am ''.Iso g reatly indebted to tho Board of Missions of
the Horvregian Bvangolical Lutheran Free Church, for making it
possible for mo to spend my e n tire furlough 19U7- 195>0 study
ing in the United S ta te s. Tho Board’s unanimous vote to placo
at my disposal a ll extant records was an act of confidence
v/hich was deeply apprec iated. I have f e lt duty-bound to re
fra in from using some of the confidential m aterial, vhich I f
U3od, vrould not have changed tho general findings or conclu-
s ion s ,
My gratitude is also expressed to tho curator of the ITLF
archives, Mr. Birger Elgvin, for his kindness In perm itting
rao to bring with mo to th is country oxtromol?/- valuable doc
uments of which no duplicates existed.
Mrs. P. T. Sic kindly inserted the Chinese characters
011 tho ste n c ils. Otto Rafos mimeographed p ra c tic a lly
tho whole th e sis. Anders D. Hanson proof-read most of the
s te n c ils . Humorous other individuals have rendered a s s is t
ance of various kinds. Though th e ir names are not mentioned,
I am no le s 3 g ratefu l to them,
I fin a lly wish to acknowledge my Indebtedness to my w ife,
without whose understanding co-operation th is study could
not have been completed.
