The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries

738 Pages·2003·12.21 MB·English

by  G.M. Hilson

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF
ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE
MINING IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
For Sophia, Chris, and our beloved Spike, who we all miss ever so dearly
The Socio-Economic Impacts of
Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in
Developing Countries
Edited by
GAVIN M.HILSON
Environmental Policy and Management Group
(EPMG)
Imperial College of Science, Technology and
Medicine, UK

A.A.BALKEMA PUBLISHERS/LISSE/ABINGDON/EXTON
(PA)/TOKYO
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
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Copyright © 2003 Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands

All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be
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mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permis sion from the
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property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the informa tion
contained herein.
Published by: A.A.Balkema Publishers, a member of Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers
http://www.balkema.nl/ and http://www.szp.swets.nl/

ISBN 0-203-97128-0 Master e-book ISBN
<
ISBN 90 5809 615 7 (Print Edition)
Contents

Acknowledgements viii
Foreword x
About the Contributors xiii
General Introduction xxi

1
PART I POLICY AND REGULATORY ISSUES IN THE SMALL-SCALE
MINING INDUSTRY

Chapter Introduction Part I 2

1 Gavin M.Hilson
Chapter Small-Scale Mining Legislation: A General Review and an Attempt to 5
2 Apply Lessons Learned
Edmund M.Bugnosen
Chapter Land Use Disputes between Small- and Large-Scale Miners: 22
3 Improving Conflict Management
John S.Andrew and Gavin M.Hilson
Chapter Key Issues in Illegal Mining and Marketing in the Small-Scale Mining 40
4 Industry
Stephens Kambani
Chapter The Policy Environment and Foreign Direct Investments in Mining 53
5 Ventures in Developing Countries: Implications for Small-Scale

Mining
Hamid Etemad and Kamaleddin S.Salmasi
Chapter Violent Mining Conflicts and Diamond Wars 75

6 Micheal Renner

96
PART II ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE MINING, LABOUR AND THE
COMMUNITY

Chapter Introduction Part II 97

7 Gavin M.Hilson
Chapter Accounting for Community-Side Issues in the Artisanal and Small- 100
8 Scale Mining Developmental Agenda
Gavin M.Hilson
Chapter Seminar on “Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Africa: Identifying 121
9 Best Practices and Building the Sustainable Livelihoods of

Communities”
Beatrice Labonne
Chapter Addressing Labour and Social Issues in Small-Scale Mining 140

10 Norman S.Jennings
Chapter Women and Artisanal Mining: Gender Roles and the Road ahead 149

11 Jeniffer J.Hinton, Marcello M.Veiga and Christan Beinhoff
Chapter What’s a Woman to Do? Globalized Gender Inequality in Small-Scale 189
12 Mining
Suzanne E.Tallichet, Meredith M.Redlin and Rosalind P.Harris
Chapter Occupational and Other Diseases in the Small-Scale Mining Sector 202

13 Malebabo Sakoane

211
PART III AFRICAN CASE STUDIES OF ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE
MINING

Chapter Introduction Part III 212

14 Gavin M.Hilson
Chapter Artisanal Mining Baseline Survey of Mozambique 218

15 Esther Kazilimani, Florence Bukali da Graça and Gary McMahon
Chapter The Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Artisanal and 244
16 Small-Scale Mining in Mozambique
Salvador Mondlane and Dennis S.M.Shoko
Chapter The Socio-Economic Aspects of Artisanal Gold Mining in Migori 260
17 District, Kenya
Winnie V.Mitullah, Jason S.Ogola and Monica A.Omulo
Chapter A Socio-Economic Study of Small-Scale Mining in Tanzania 271

18 Crispin Kinabo
Chapter Women and Small-Scale Mining in Tanzania 293

19 Crispin Kinabo
Chapter The Socio-Economic Impacts of Small-Scale Mining: the Case of 304
20 Zambia
Munyindei Masialeti and Crispin Kinabo
Chapter The Impact of Policy Changes on Small-Scale Mining in Zambia 315

21 Stephens M.Kambani
Chapter Illegal Artisanal Gold Panning in Zimbabwe—A Study of Challenges 330
22 to Sustainability along the Mazowe River
Oliver Maponga and Maideyi Meck
Chapter Small-Scale Mining in Ghana as a Sustainable Development Activity: 360
23 Its Development and a Review of the Contemporary Issues and

Challenges
Benjamin N.A.Aryee

399
PART IV ASIAN CASE STUDIES OF ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE
MINING

Chapter Introduction Part IV 400

24 Gavin M.Hilson
Chapter Not a Small Job: Stone Quarrying and Women Workers in the 403
25 Rajmahal Traps in Eastern India
Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt
Chapter A Perspective on Small-Scale Mining in India 425

26 Mrinal K.Ghose
Chapter Small-Scale Mining in India: Past, Present and the Future 434

27 Ajoy K.Ghose
Chapter Small-Scale Mining in China: Socio-Economic Impacts, Policy and 441
28 Management
Zhong Ziran
Chapter The Impact of, and Responses to, the Closure of Small-Scale Coal 486
29 Mines in China: A Preliminary Account
Philip Andrews-Speed, Guo Ma, Xunpeng Shi and Bingjia Shao
Chapter Informal Gold Mining in Mongolia: Invaluable Social Safety Net and 504
30 Environmental Hazard
William Murray
Chapter Managing Mercury Pollution Emanating from Philippine Small-Scale 517
31 Gold Mining Activities: An Economics Analysis
Danilo C.Israel and Jasminda P.Asirot
Chapter The Evolution of Mining Policy in Developing Countries: Seven 542
32 Generations in Indonesia’s Contract of Work System
Hamid Etemad and Kamaleddin S.Salmasi
Chapter A Review of Small-Scale Mining Activity in Papua New Guinea 554
33 (PNG)
Geoff Crispin

593
PART V LATIN AMERICAN CASE STUDIES OF ARTIS ANAL AND SMALL-
SCALE MINING

Chapter Introduction Part V 594

34 Gavin M.Hilson
Chapter Report on Field Research into the Socio-Economic and Social Impact 597
35 of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Peru
Andrea Seeling
Chapter Challenges to Sustainable Small-Scale Mine Development in 633
36 Suriname
Marieke Heemskerk and Rachael Van der Kooye
Chapter Human Health Implications of Mercury Usage in Small-Scale Gold 650
37 Mining Activities in the Brazilian Amazon
Luiz Drude de Lacerda
Chapter How Beautiful is Small-Scale Mining? Evidence from Small-Scale 672
38 and Artisanal Gold Mining in Ecuador

Håkan Tarras-Wahlberg, Bo Lundberg, Antonio Bermeo and Rediar
Hoffner
Chapter The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in 687
39 Chile
Sergio H.Castro

Index 708
Acknowledgements
In preparing this book, I received inputs from a number of individuals. My special thanks
goes to Dr Clive Potter, Professor John Monhemius, Professor Don Huisingh, Dr Paolo
Galizzi, Professor Barbara Murck, Dr Janjaap Blom and all of the A.A.Balkema staff, the
Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (IMM) staff, Mr. B.R.Yakubu, and Mr. Joseph
Eyison. My special thanks also to all of the contributors for their patience and
commitment to the project, their tolerance of my frequent email reminders, and their
ability to meet my tight deadlines within their own very hectic schedules. Finally, I would
like to give thanks to all of my colleagues at the Environmental Policy and Management
Group (EPMG), Imperial College for their support and encouragement, especially
Konstantinos Evangelinos and Daniel Weisser, who provided regular motivation and
timely inspiration. This book is dedicated to Sophia Bains, Chris Hilson, and our beloved
Spike, who we all miss ever so dearly.