Table Of Content‘The Slippery Memory of Men’
East Central and Eastern
Europe in the Middle Ages,
450–1450
General Editor
Florin Curta
VoluME 21
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee
‘The Slippery Memory of Men’
The Place of Pomerania in the
Medieval Kingdom of Poland
By
Paul Milliman
lEidEn • boSTon
2013
Cover illustration: Prussia from Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et
Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et ioanne blaeu, 1645. © university of California
(blaeu Atlas—Europae Septentrionalia & orientalia)
library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Milliman, Paul.
“The slippery memory of men” : the place of Pomerania in the medieval Kingdom of Poland /
by Paul Milliman.
pages cm. — (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, iSSn 1872-
8103 ; volume 21)
includes bibliographical references and index.
iSbn 978-90-04-18274-5 (hardback : acid-free paper) — iSbn 978-90-04-24380-4 (e-book)
1. Pomerania (Poland and Germany)—History. 2. Poland—History—14th century. 3. Teutonic
Knights—History—To 1500. 4. borderlands—Poland—History—To 1500. 5. borderlands—
Germany—History—To 1500. 6. Pomerania (Poland and Germany)—Relations—Poland.
7. Poland—Relations—Pomerania (Poland and Germany) i. Title.
dK4600.P6765M55 2013
943.8’022—dc23
2012041308
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iSSn 1872-8103
iSbn 978-90-04-18274-5 (hardback)
iSbn 978-90-04-24380-4 (e-book)
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ConTEnTS
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................... vii
list of Abbreviations ...................................................................................... xi
Maps .................................................................................................................... xiii
introduction .................................................................................................. 1
1. A iugo principum Polonie, a iugo Theutonicorum:
Pomerania and the South baltic Frontier of latin Christendom
in the Early Thirteenth Century ....................................................... 23
2. dealing with the Past and Planning for the Future:
Contested Memories, Conflicted loyalties, and the Partition
and donation of Pomerania in the late Thirteenth Century .... 65
3. The Restorations of the Kingdom of Poland and
the Foundation of the Teutonic Ordensstaat at the Turn of the
Fourteenth Century ................................................................................. 94
4. Immortalis Discordia: Eternal Enmity, Massacre,
and Memorialization in the German-Polish borderlands ........... 139
5. Pomerania between Poland and Prussia: lordship,
Ethnicity, Territoriality, and Memory ................................................ 196
Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 255
Appendix 1. The Procurator-General of the Teutonic Knights
Pleads His Case to the Papal Curia Concerning the Gdańsk
Massacre, 1310 ......................................................................................... 263
Appendix 2. The Claims Submitted by the Polish Procurators
in 1320 ........................................................................................................ 267
Appendix 3. The Claims Submitted by the Royal Procurator
in 1339 ........................................................................................................ 269
bibliography .................................................................................................... 279
index .................................................................................................................. 313
ACKnoWlEdGMEnTS
i owe a great deal to a great many people and institutions, far more than i
could ever hope to repay or fully acknowledge here. but, i will do my best,
because i truly appreciate all the help i have received over the years.
First, i would like to thank all of the organizations that funded my
research, travel, and language training. The Cornell institute for European
Studies provided FlAS fellowships to help me develop my Polish language
skills. The History department at Cornell provided funding for language
training in Germany and research in Poland, as well as funding to start
work on a first draft and revise the final draft of my dissertation. i also
want to thank the American Council of learned Societies, whose grant
of a dissertation Fellowship in East European Studies afforded me the
time to collect my thoughts and share my research on a topic unfamil-
iar to most scholars outside of East Central Europe. An additional grant
from AClS allowed me to travel to Poland to get feedback on my work
from experts on this topic. The Woodrow Wilson international Center for
Scholars provided invaluable resources for me to continue researching and
revising, including a diligent research assistant, Jakub olszowiec. At the
university of Arizona i am deeply grateful to the deans of the College of
Social and behavioral Sciences and the Head of the History department,
Kevin Gosner, who ensured that i would have the time and resources to
finish revising this book.
i also want to thank all of the individuals who helped make this book
possible. First i want to thank my former adviser at Cornell, Paul R. Hyams,
both for his confidence in me and for his willingness to allow me to leave
the friendly confines of Western Europe to pursue my own interests. i
also want to thank Susanne Pohl, david S. Powers, and E. Wayles browne,
from whom i also learned so much at Cornell, as well as my friend, Alizah
Holstein, who showed me that it is possible to finish a dissertation. i am
also grateful to all of the other outstanding teachers i have had over the
years, in particular Stephanie Frank at Parkersburg Catholic High School.
Thank you for your patience and guidance and for helping to make me
both a better scholar and a better person. This task was continued by all
of the excellent teachers i had at ohio Wesleyan university who made me
want to become a professor and encouraged me to go to graduate school.
To James biehl, Jan Hallenbeck, donald lateiner, Mark Gingerich, Rich-
ard Spall, Cynthia bland, Carol neumann de Vegvar, and so many others,
viii acknowledgments
i want to say thank you. i hope i can inspire my students as much as you
inspired me. i was fortunate as an undergraduate to be able to work with
real medieval manuscripts, and for this (as well as for her friendship and
generosity) i want to thank Hilda Wick in Special Collections. i also want
to thank all of the other librarians at oWu for allowing me to learn from
you. libraries are the centers of universities, and my experiences working
with you deepened my commitment to scholarship. i also want to thank
the interlibrary loan staffs at Cornell and the university of Arizona for
helping me track down articles from obscure Polish journals, as well as
the wonderful librarians at the Wilson Center, the library of Congress,
and Polska Akademia nauk biblioteka Gdańska.
i am also grateful to Piotr Górecki, Anna Adamska, and Emilia Jamro-
ziak, all of whom took time to share their work with me and offer com-
ments on my research. i am deeply grateful in particular to Paul Knoll,
who paved the way for me. Without his research, the idea of studying
medieval Poland would have been too daunting a task. His encourage-
ment and guidance over the years have meant the world to me. i also
want to thank Florin Curta for encouraging me to publish my book in this
series. Wiesław Sieradzan and Aleksandra lenartowicz were kind enough
to invite me to the international conference they organized on the trials
between Poland and the Teutonic Knights in 2009 in Poland, where they
were gracious hosts. i also want to thank Karol Polejowski and his family
for sharing their home with me during one of my stays in Gdańsk and also
for obtaining research materials for me which are difficult, if not impos-
sible, to find in the uS.
i especially want to express my gratitude to my colleagues and friends
in the History department at the university of Arizona—Kevin Gosner
(again), Susan Karant-nunn, Steve Johnstone, doug Weiner, ute lotz-
Heumann, Alison Futrell, Martha Few, Susan Crane, and everyone else.
i cannot imagine a more supportive and nurturing environment for junior
faculty. i also want to thank everyone in the History department at lake
Forest College for making me feel so welcome and helping me to transi-
tion from graduate student to professor during a one-term lectureship.
i also want to thank my students over the years at Cornell, lake Forest,
and Arizona, and in particular several graduate students in the division
for late Medieval and Reformation Studies—Sean Clark, Paul buehler, and
Adam duker. Teaching and research go hand-in-hand, and i was able to
develop my skills as a scholar through working with all of you—docendo
discimus. i also owe an enormous debt to my wonderful editors at brill,
acknowledgments ix
Julian deahl and Marcella Mulder, for their help in guiding me through an
unfamiliar process and for their seemingly inexhaustible patience.
last, but certainly not least, i want to thank my family, especially my
wife and son. Kate and bram, this book is dedicated to you.
Thank you one and all for your generous support, careful guidance, and
remarkable understanding. (Please forgive me if i have forgotten anyone
here. i will make it up in the next book.)
