The Short Textbook of Pediatrics

844 Pages·2009·18.103 MB·English

by  Suraj Gupte

IN THEIR ESTEEMED OPINION.........
Prof NS Tibrewala (Mumbai) : “... occupies pride of the place as a standard textbook... an indispensable companion...”
Prof PM Udani (Mumbai) : “An essential reading... a nice work.”
Prof NR Bhandari (Bhopal) : “A great gift to the students, both undergraduates and postgraduates.”
Prof DG Benakappa (Bangalore) : “Very comprehensive and up-to-date...highly recommended.”
Prof N Sundravalli (Chennai) : “A work of special merit.”
Prof AB Desai (Ahmedabad) : “...effectively worded and illustrated, and of great value.”
Prof K Indira Bai (Annamalai) : “Comprehensive...extremely well written... ideal... strongly recommended.”
Prof Meharban Singh (Noida) : “Very informative.”
Prof GP Mathur (Kanpur) : “Very useful for undergraduates, postgraduates and practitioners.”
Prof PK Misra (Lucknow) : “A very nice comprehensive textbook.”
Prof K Kalra (Agra) : “Strongly recommended to undergraduates and postgraduates.”
Prof Pinaki Banerjee (Kolkata) : “A very comprehensive book...ideal for students.”
Prof SS Deshmukh (Nagpur) : “...fulfills a long awaited need... wonderful... very comprehensive.”
Prof Rafiq Ahmed (Kolkata) : “A book of outstanding merit.”
Prof KPS Sinha (Patna) : “A fine and appreciable work... clinical approach is commendable.”
Prof SK Khetarpal (Amritsar) : “Concise, comprehensive, up-to-date and to the point....”
Prof PS Mathur (Gwalior) : “Warmly recommended.”
Prof P Chaturvedi (Sewagram) : “Very helpful to students.”
Prof Birendra Kumar (Darbhanga): “A really very useful and precise volume for students.”
Prof BK Garg (Meerut) : “Ideal for students.”
Prof Shanta Karup (Kottayam) : “A very good work.”
Prof Ananthakrishna (Chennai) : “Excellent...covers every aspect of pediatrics.”
Prof NB Mathur (Sewagram) : “Highly useful...strongly recommended.”
Prof AK Dikshit (Jamshedpur) : “The book fulfills a very long-standing need.”
Prof AV Ramana (Warangal) : “Very useful for students as well as practitioners.”
Prof SP Srivastava (Patna) : “Very up-to-date, comprehensive and appropriate for our students, both under- and
postgraduates.....”
Prof Neetu Raizada (Ludhiana) : “A highly recommended state-of-the-art textbook... an essential reading.”
Prof B Sharda (Udaipur) : “Most comprehensive and state-of-the-art textbook...”
Prof Madhuri Kulkarni (Mumbai) : “... tailor-made to the needs of the students.”
Prof A Parthasarthy (Chennai) : “A prototype of Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.... modelled as per requirements in India...”
Prof AM Sur (Nagpur) : “... a boon for pediatric scholars in India in particular... warmly recommended.”
Prof Utpal Kant Singh (Patna) : “...profusely illustrated, clinical-oriented, most uptodate and ideal to meet the needs of students in
India in particular.”
Prof BS Prajapati (Ahmedabad) : “An essential reading for all students of pediatrics... carries valuable information including much-
sought-after statistical data... useful for teachers too.”
Prof VN Tripathi (Kanpur) : “A meritorious work...most suitable for undergraduates in particular and postgraduates in general.”
Prof Javed Chowdhary (Srinagar) : “A textbook of extraordinary merit...An essential reading for the undergraduates as well as
postgraduates...”
Prof Masood-ul-Hassan (Srinagar) : “Most uptodate, well-illustrated, clinical-oriented, very comprehensive and student-friendly textbook...
warmly recommended.”
Prof Praveen C Sobti (Ludhiana) : “For over 3 decades, Dr Suraj Gupte’s textbook has been popular with undergraduates and
postgraduates alike. The book contains all that the students need to know about common childhood
illnesses in the developing world. It is a thoroughly readable book.”
Prof Vijay Sharma (Shimla) : “A highly recommended textbook of pediatrics..”
Prof DB Sharma (Jammu) : “Tailor-made for the needs of students in India...strongly recommended.”
Prof (Col) VS Puri (Jammu) : “An outstanding clinical-oriented textbook... most useful... warmly recommended.”
Prof Pankaj Abrol (Rohtak) : “A very comprehensive and up-to-date textbook of Pediatrics... a nice Indian response to Nelson’s
Textbook of Pediatrics... can easily compete with best textbooks of pediatrics... A “must” for all
students of pediatrics in India.”
Prof MMA Faridi (Delhi) : “There are many books around in the specialty but The Short Textbook of Pediatrics is unique...it
makes the subject easy, interesting and understandable.”
Prof Rekha Harish (Jammu) : “This textbook of extraordinary merit eminently meets the requirements of students, especially the
undergraduates, and is warmly recommended...”
Prof B Vishnu Bhat (Pondicherry) : “Well-written book covering all information needed by undergraduates and postgraduates in pediat-
rics. Good reference book for practising pediatricians as well...”
Prof Ajay Gaur (Gwalior) : “…a genuinely good book for the undergraduate and postgraduate students with the expertise of
eminent academicians… The contents are well presented in a uniform style and in keeping with the
standard protocols and guidelines.... .”
Prof Ghanshyam Saini (Jammu) : “…an extraordinary work... a very useful tool for the undergraduates, postgraduates and academi-
cians.”
Prof RK Gupta (Jammu) : “An excellent textbook, full of latest updates… unique in itself, providing concise but comprehen-
sive information …. invaluable in pediatric education for the undergraduates and postgraduates.’’
Prof E Chen (Malaysia) : “A complete textbook on tropical pediatrics…a “must possession” by each and every student of
pediatrics in the region.”
Prof Shaukat Sidiqui (Pakistan) : “Most valuable for the pediatric UGs, PGs, teaching faculty and practising pediatricians as also
for the GPs treating infants, children and adolescents in the subcontinent…”
Prof RN Koirala (Nepal) : “An exceptionally useful textbook of pediatrics, eminently meeting the needs of our students and
their teachers…most suitable for our settings.”
Prof JE Jaywardne (Sri Lanka) : “A warmly recommended pediatric textbook, focusing exactly on what is needed by our medical
students, emerging pediatricians and teachers…”
Prof AQ Bhashani (Bangladesh) : “The textboook is a spotlight on everything that we need to teach our students of pediatrics in
Bangladesh and neighboring countries…”
THE SHORT
TEXTBOOK OF
PEDIATRICS
THE SHORT
11th
TEXTBOOK OF
Edition
PEDIATRICS
(Fourth Decade of
Publication)
Incorporating National and International Recommendations (MCI, IAP,
NNF, WHO, UNICEF, IPA, ISTP, AAP, etc)
Edited by
Suraj Gupte
MD, FIAP
Professor and Head
Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics
Narayana Medical College/Narayana General and Superspeciality Hospitals
Nellore 524 002, AP, South India
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Honorary Director: Pediatric Education Network
Editor: Recent Advances in Pediatrics (Series), Textbooks of Pediatric Emergencies, Neonatal Emergencies and Pediatric Nutrition,
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Towards MRCPCH Part II (Theory Examination), Pediatric Yearbook
(Series), Newer Horizons in Tropical Pediatrics, etc.
Author: Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, Pediatric Drug Directory, Infant Feeding,
Speaking of Child Care, The Baby Book: The Parents’ Guide from Birth to Infancy
Co-editor: Asian Journal of Maternity and Child Health (Manila, Philippines)
Section and Guest Editor: Pediatric Today (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisor: Asian Journal of Pediatric Practice (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisory Board Member/Reviewer: Indian Journal of Pediatrics (New Delhi), Indian Pediatrics (New Delhi), Synopsis
(Detroit, USA), Indian Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (Jaipur), Maternal and Child Nutrition
(Preston, UK), Journal of Infectious Diseases (Turkey)
Examiner: National Board of Examinations (NBE) for DNB, New Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New
Delhi; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh; Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical
Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar; Indira Gandhi Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
Pediatric Faculty Selection Expert: All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Punjab Public Service Commission, Jammu and
Kashmir Public Service Commission, Union Public Service Commission
®
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The Short Textbook of Pediatrics, 11th Edition
© 2009, Suraj Gupte, Editor
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editor and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by the contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material,
but the publisher, printer and editor will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be settled under Delhi
jurisdiction only.
First Edition : 1977
Second Edition : 1979
Third Edition : 1982
Fourth Edition : 1983
Fifth Edition : 1985
Sixth Edition : 1989
Seventh Edition : 1995
Eighth Edition : 1998
Ninth (Millennium) Edition : 2001
Tenth (Silver Jubilee) Edition: 2004
Eleventh (Fourth Decade of Publication) Edition: 2009
ISBN 978-81-8448-469-4
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Gopsons Papers Ltd., A-14, Sector 60, Noida
To
The fond memory of my parents
whose inspiration, motivation, blessings
and moral support continue to contribute a great
deal to my academic endeavors
and
everybody striving to contribute to child health
and welfare for a brighter future
globally.
Contributors
RA Anderson Aniece Chowdhary
Professor Professor and Head
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery
Nutrition, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health Government Medical College/SMGS Hospital
London, UK Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Ch 24: Pediatric Gastroenterology Ch 38: Pediatric Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Problems
Ch 25: Pediatric Hepatology
Bhavna B Chowdhary
Lalita Bahl Lecturer
Ex-Professor and Head School of Medical Studies
Department of Pediatrics Edinburgh, UK
Indira Gandhi Medical College Ch 23: Pediatric Neurology
Shimla, India
Ch 44: Pediatric Laboratory Procedures
Ch 16: Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-base Balance and Its Distur-
bances
Javed Chowdhary
Ch 46: Pediatric Drug Dosages
Professor and Head
Department of Pediatrics
Surya Bhan
Government Medical College
Professor
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Department of Orthopedics
Ch 17: Neonatology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India
S Frank
Ch 41: Pediatric Orthopedics
Professor and Head
Department of Immunology and Genetics
B Vishnu Bhat
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
Director-Professor
London, UK
Department of Pediatrics
Ch 29: Pediatric Immunology
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and
Research, Pondicherry, India Ch 35: Genetics in Pediatric Practice
Ch 36: Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders
EM Gomez
Jagdish Chandra Associate Clinical Professor
Professor Department of Infant and Child Nutrition
Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
Lady Hardinge Medical College London, UK
New Delhi, India Ch 3: Growth and Development
Ch 27: Pediatric Hematology Ch 12: Infant Feeding
Ch 13: Protien-energy Malnutrition
Mridula Chatterjee
Professor and Head AM Graham
Pediatric Department Clinical Professor
North Bengal Medical College Center for Hemato-oncology
Kadamtala, Siliguri, West Bengal, India Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Ch 8: Pediatric Biostatistics and Informatics Ch 28: Pediatric Oncology
x The Short Textbook of Pediatrics
Devendra Gupta NE Parsons
Professor and Head Clinical Professor
Department of Pediatric Surgery Department of Dermatology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
New Delhi, India London, UK
Ch 40: Pediatric Surgery Ch 31: Pediatric Dermatology
Suraj Gupte AK Sahni
Professor and Head Assistant Professor
Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics Department of Adolescent Medicine
Narayana Medical College/Narayana General and
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
Superspeciality
London, UK
Hospitals, Nellore, South India
Ch 7: Adolescence
Chapters: All chapters as senior or coauthor
DM Sharma
BP Karunakara
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Department of Rheumatology
Department of Pediatrics
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
MS Ramaiah Medical College/Teaching Hospital
London, UK
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Ch 30: Pediatric Collagenosis
Ch 22: Pediatric Cardiology
RM Shore
RK Kaushal
Assistant Professor
Professor and Head
Department of Nephrology
Department of Pediatrics
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
Indira Gandhi Medical College
London, UK
Shimla
Ch 26: Pediatric Nephrology
Ch 32: Pediatric Accidental Poisoning
Ch 33: Pediatric Envenomations
Daljit Singh
Principal
AW Koff
Dayanand Medical College
Professor, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology
Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
Ch 21: Pediatric Pulmonology
London, UK
Ch 34: Pediatric Endocrinology
Karnail Singh
ML Kulkarni Professor and Head
Professor and Head Department of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics Government Medical College
JJM Medical College Amritsar, Punjab, India
Davangere, Karnataka, India Ch 19: Pediatric Bacterial Infections
Ch 29: Pediatric Immunology
Ksh Chourjit Singh
PP Maiya Ex-Professor and Head
Professor and Head Department of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics North-East Regional Medical College
MS Ramaiah Medical College/Teaching Hospital Imphal, Manipur, India
Bangalore, Karnataka, India Ch 18: Pediatric Viral Infections
Ch 22: Pediatric Cardiology
Tejinder Singh
NK Nagpal Professor and Head
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
Department of Dental and Orofacial Surgery Christian Medical College
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health Ludhiana, Punjab, India
London, UK Ch 6: Child Psychiatry and Behavioral Problems
Ch 39: Pediatric Dental Problems Ch 9: Community Pediatrics
Contributors xi
Utpal Kant Singh Shashi Vani
Professor and Head Professor and Head
Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics
Nalanda Medical College PS Medical College
Patna, Bihar Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
India Ch 11: Pediatric Nutritional Requirements
Ch 20: Pediatric Parasitosis Ch 17: Neonatology
Rita Smith Vasudev Vatwani (Brig)
Director-Professor of Pediatrics Professor and Head
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health Department of Pediatrics
London, UK Dr DY Patil Medical College
Ch 1: Pediatric History-taking and Clinical Examination Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Ch 43: Pediatric Practical Procedures
Praveen C Sobti
Professor and Head of the Unit Vijay Wali
Department of Pediatrics Ex-Professor and Head
Dayanand Medical College Department of Ophthalmology
Ludhiana, Punjab Government Medical College
India Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Ch 27: Pediatric Hematology Ch 37: Pediatric Ophthalmology