Table Of ContentTHE SHINING PATH OF PERU
Also by David Scott Palmer
PERU: AN AUTHORITARIAN TRADITION
THE SHINING
PATH OF PERU
Second Edition
Edited by
David Scott Palmer
Boston University
Palgrave Macmillan
© David Scott Palmer 1992, 1994
Peru map courtesy of U.S. Department of State.
Ayacucho Emergency Zone map, courtesy of Amnesty International.
Parts of chapter 1, "Introduction: History, Politics, and Shining Path in Peru," taken from
David Scott Palmer, "Peru: The Enduring Authoritarian Legacy," Howard J. Wiarda and Har
vey F. Kline, eds., Latin American Politics and Development, 4th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview
Press (1995), with the kind permission of the editors.
The first section of chapter 3, "Return to the Past," edited and revised from Carlos Ivan
Degregori, "A Dwarf Star," NACLA Report on the Amencas, 24:4, December-January 1990-
1991, pp. 10-16. Reprinted by permission of the North American Congress on Latin America.
Sections of chapter 8, "Shining Path's Stalin and Trotsky," taken from Gustavo Gorriti, "The
War of the Philosopher King," The New Republzc, June 18, 1990, pp. 15-22, and reprinted by
permission of the editors of The New Republic.
All rights reserved. For mformation, write:
Scholarly & Reference Division,
St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, NY 10010
First published in the United States of America 1992
Revised and updated second edition first published 1994
ISBN 978-0-312-10619-5 ISBN 978-1-137-05210-0 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-137-05210-0
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Shining Path of Peru I edited by David Scott Palmer.-2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and mdex.
I. Sendero Luminoso (Guerrilla group) 2. Peru-Politics and
government-1968-1980. 3. Peru-Politics and government-1980-
1. Palmer, David Scott, 1937-
F3448.2.S54 1994
322.4 '2'0985-dc20 94-25904
CIP
Contents
Peru map ........... . ix
Ayacucho Emergency Zone map X
Preface ........... . xi
Preface to the Second Edition . XV
Contributors . . xvii
About the Cover . xix
Luis Mil/ones
1 Introduction: History, Politics, and Shining Path in Peru . 1
David Scott Palmer
The Shining Path Challenge
Peruvian Politics in Historical Context
Consolidation ( 1824-1895)
Limited Civilian Democracy (1895-1919)
Populism, Parties, and Coups (1919-1968)
The Military Docenio (1968-1980)
The Civilian Docenio (1980-1992)
The Autogolpe and Its Aftermath
Windows on Shining Path
2 Taking the High Ground: Shining Path and the Andes ........ 33
Michael L. Smith
Seven Propositions to Explain Sendero
Conclusion
Notes
3 The Origins and Logic of Shining Path: Two Views . 51
Return to the Past ................. . . 51
Carlos Ivan Degregori
Beginnings
Ideology and Strategy
Explanation: Return to the Past
Authoritarianism Reformulated
Deception, DominatiOn, and Education
Conclusion
Notes
The Center's Multiple Failures .•..•••.••.•••••.••• 63
Ton de Wit and Vera Gianotten
Regional Context
Sociocultural Mores
Center-Periphery Gulf
Sendero' s Attraction
Explanations for the Center's Ineffective Response
Conclusion
Notes
4 Shining Path and Peasant Responses in Rural Ayacucho ....... 77
Billie jean Isbell
Initial Peasant Support
Events in the Rio Pampas Valley - 1980-1986
Initial Support Turned Sour
The New Naqas and Other Things Out of Place
The Coming of a New Age
Notes
5 Peasant Responses to Shining Path in Andahuaylas . . . . . . . . 1 01
Ronald H. Berg
Andahuaylas: Historical Background
Guerrilla War, 1981-1982
The War Continues, 1983-1985
The Peasant Response to Shining Path
Comparisons with Other Regions
Conclusion
Notes
6 Guerrillas and Coca in the Upper Huallaga Valley . . . . . . . . 123
jose E. Gonzales
The Maoist Guerrillas
The General and His Weapons
The Drug War
Conclusion
Notes
7 Shining Path's Urban Strategy: Ate Vitarte . ............ 145
Michael L. Smith
Strategic Importance
Political Terrain
Laying the Groundwork
Forced Migrants
Toward an Urban Insurrection
Huaycan, Laboratory for Havoc
"Proletariat of the World, Unite!"
Education and Culture
Military
Conclusion
Notes
8 Shining Path's Stalin and Trotsky . ................. 167
Gustavo Gorriti
Abimael Guzman Reynoso
Luis Kawata Makabe
Victory and Defeat at the University
The Fall of Kawata
Conclusion
Notes
9 The Organization of Shining Path .............. 189
Gabriela Tarazona-Sevillano
National, Regional, and Local Levels
Intermediate Organizations
Metropolitan Organization
Support Organizations
Indoctrination
The Role of Women
Hierarchy
Rising Through the Ranks
The 1990s
Strengths
Weaknesses
Conclusion
Notes
10 Making Revolution with Shining Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Tom Marks
Analytical Perspectives
Basis for Insurgency
Insurgent Infrastructure
Conduct of Operations
Conclusion
Notes
11 Shining Path and the Marxist Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Sandra Way-Hazelton and William A. Hazelton
Origins of the Contemporary Political Left
The Electoral Path
Forces of Unity and System Support
Forces of Disunity and Violence
The Revolutionary Path to Power
Modification of Means, Not Goals
Forces of Change: Competition and Expansion
Forces of Violence
Impact on 1989 and 1990 Elections
Conclusion
Notes
1 2 Theories of Revolution and the Case of Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Cynthia McClintock
Mainstream Theories of Revolution
Shining Path's Theory of Revolution
How Do These Theones Apply to Peru?
Peru's Regime Type
Shining Path's Appeal
The World Context
Conclusion
Notes
13 Conclusion: The View from the Windows 259
David Scott Palmer
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Glossary of Acronyms with Spanish and English Expansions 289
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Photo of The Faculty of the University of San Cristobal de Huamanga,
Ayacucho, Peru, December 1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
