The Second National Conference on Preventing and Treating Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse, HIV Infection, and AIDS in Black Communities : from advocacy to action

282 Pages·1993·11.3 MB·English

by  National Conference on Preventing and Treating Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse, HIV Infection, and AIDS in Black Communities (2nd : 1991 : Atlanta, Ga.)

CenterforSubstanceAbuse Prevention
CSAP Monograph
Drug-FreeCommunitiesbytheYear2000
CSAP
Prevention
Monograph-13
The Second National
Conference on
Preventing and Treating
Alcohol and Other Drug
Abuse, HIV
Infection,
and AIDS Black
in
Communities:
From Advocacy to Action
U.S. DEPARTMENTOFHEALTHANDHUMANSERVICES
PublicHealthService
SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration
r
CSAPPreventionMonographsarepreparedbythedivisionsoftheCenter
for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) and published by its Division of
CommunicationPrograms.Theprimaryobjectiveofthisseriesistofacilitate
thetransferofpreventionandinterventiontechnologybetweenandamong
researchers, administrators, policymakers, educators, andproviders inthe
publicandprivatesectors.Thecontentofstate-of-the-artconferences,reviews
ofinnovativeorexemplaryprogrammingmodels,andreviewsofevaluative
studiesareimportantelementsofCSAP’sinformationdisseminationmission.
Thepresentationshereinarethoseoftheauthorsandmaynotnecessarily
reflecttheopinions,officialpolicy,orpositionofCSAP;theSubstanceAbuse
andMentalHealthServicesAdministration;thePublicHealthService;orthe
U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.
All material in this volume, except quoted passages from copyrighted
sources, is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without
permissionfromCSAPortheauthors.Citationofthesourceisappreciated.
CSAPProductionOfficer:JoanQuinlan
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:92-085148
DHHSPublicationNo.(ADM)93-1969
Printed1993
CSAPPreventionMonographSeries
MSW
VivianL.Smith,
ActingDirector,CSAP
RobertW.Denniston
Director,DivisionofCommunicationPrograms,CSAP
BernardR.McColgan
Director,DivisionofDemonstrationsandEvaluation,CSAP
AsofOctober1,1992,ADAMHAwasreor-
ganized. The Office for Substance Abuse
Prevention (OSAP) became the Center for
SubstanceAbusePrevention(CSAP)andthe
Alcohol,DrugAbuse,andMentalHealthAd-
ministration (ADAMHA) became the Sub-
stance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA). This document
waswrittenbeforethechangestookeffect;to
avoidconfusionandallowatimefortransi-
tion, theformernames and acronyms have
beenretained.
CSAP Prevention Monograph-13
THE SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE
ONPREVENTINGAND TREATING
ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGABUSE,
HIVINFECTION,ANDAIDS IN
BLACK COMMUNITIES: FROM
ADVOCACYTO ACTION
3*
of
S0
U.S.DEPARTMENTOFHEALTHANDHUMANSERVICES
PublicHealthService
SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration
CenterforSubstanceAbusePrevention
5600FishersLane,RockwallII
Rockville,Maryland20857

Foreword
TheSecondNationalConferenceonPreventingandTreatingAlcoholand
OtherDrugAbuse, HIVInfection, andAIDS in Black Communities was a
naturalprogressionfromtheFirstNationalConferenceheldin1987.Thefirst
conferencedefinedtheproblem:AfricanAmericanssuffermuchmorefroma
varietyofdiseaseswhencomparedwiththeWhitepopulationofthiscountry,
TheOfficeofMinorityHealth,apartoftheU.S. DepartmentofHealthand
i Human Services and a sponsor ofthe conference, estimates that at least
60,000“excessdeaths”occurintheAfrican-Americanpopulationthanoccur
in a comparable population ofWhites. The expected lifespan ofAfrican-
Americanmalesisactuallydecreasing,duetoagreatextenttotheravagesof
alcoholandotherdrug(AOD)abuse.
Alcoholandotherdrugssometimeskilldirectly,throughthephysiological
effectsofthesesubstancesonthebody.Moreoften,however,theykillindirect-
ly.ThehomiciderateamongyoungAfrican-Americanmalesinourinnercities
hasbeenskyrocketingforseveralyears;manyofthedeathsaredrug-related.
In the last decade, another horrible killer has emerged from the use of
drugs.ThenumberofdeathsfromAIDScontinuestoincrease,especiallyin
our racial and ethnic communities, where drug abuse is prevalent. The
tragedy ofHIVinfection and AIDS goes beyond its strikinginfected drug
abusers,fortheirpartnersandunbornbabiesoftenbecomeinfectedaswell.
TheFirstNationalConferencedocumentedtheseproblemsandmadean
efforttoconveytheawfulstatisticstoaNationthatwasnotfullyawareofthe
plightofAfricanAmericans.TheSecondConferencehadtogofurther.Four
yearshadpassed,yearsinwhichtheproblemshadgottenworsewithtoolittle
beingdonetocontrolthem.Still,therewerereasonsforoptimism:theNation
hadbeguntointensifyitsefforttoconfrontthedrugproblemanddefeatit.
The Federal Government has shown its commitment both through more
fundingandbyestablishingtheOfficeforSubstanceAbusePreventionand
theOfficeforTreatmentImprovement. Inthousandsofcommunitiesacross
thecountry,grassrootseffortswereimplementedtofightagainstalcoholand
otherdrugabuseanditsdeadlyeffects.
ThesponsorsoftheSecondNationalConferencewantedtobuilduponthese
activities.Theywantedtotakewhathadbeenlearnedinresearchprojects,
localcommunityefforts, andfromothersources andapplyiton anational
scale.Theconferencetitle,“FromAdvocacytoAction,”reflectedthefactthat
theefforts ofthousandsofpeopleoverthelastfewyearshadproducedthe
resourcestoconvertknowledgeofpreventingandtreatingtheseproblemsinto
practicaleffortstoeradicatethemfromourcommunities.
Theconferenceincludedpresentationsbysomeoftheleadingexpertsinthe
struggle against health and social problems from universities, health
programs,researchinstitutions,andtheAfrican-Americancommunity.These
leadersspentlonghoursexchangingtheirtechnicalandacademicknowledge
ofprevention and treatment and developing recommendations for future
action.
African-Americanmusic,food,religion, andotherculturalfeatureswere
highlighted. Youngpeople attended meetings and sessions alongside their
adultcolleagues,reaffirmingthetraditionalimportanceofthefamilyandthe
community.
TheseaspectsofAfrican-Americancultureweregivensuchanimportant
roleintheconferencebecausetheyembodywhatwehavelearnediseffective
in treating and preventing the abuse ofalcohol and other drugs. Family
dysfunction,povertyandune—mployment,culturalalienation,pooreducation,
lowcommunitycommitment allthesefactorsareassociatedwithhighrates
ofalcoholandotherdrugabuse.IfAODpreventionandtreatmenteffortsare
tobeeffective,allthesedifficultiesmustbealleviatedfirst.
Thestruggleagainstdrugsisreallyastruggleforlife,family,community,
andafairshareoftheAmericandream.IntheAfrican-Americancommunity,
thismeansreturningtothetraditionalculturalvaluesofastrongfamily,a
unitedcommunity,andacollectivecommitmenttoraisingchildrenwhoare
equippedtomeetthechallengesoftoday’ssociety.
Thisvolumecontainstheresultsoftheconference. Itincludes20papers
thatattempttodelineatehowwecanbegintoturnadvocacytoaction.The
papers fallwithinthetracks ofthe conference: BlackMales, Drug-Related
HIVInfectionandAIDS,Prevention,Treatment,andYouth.
This volume also contains summaries ofthe speeches delivered at the
plenary sessions ofthe conference. The papers provide the technical ap-
proaches; the speeches provide the intellectual, spiritual, and emotional
energyweneedtokeepupthefightagainstthehealthandsocialproblems
thatplagueoursociety.
MSW
VivianL.Smith,
ActingDirector,CSAP
IV
Contents
Foreword iii
Acknowledgments vii
1. ConferenceSummaries
i
PlenarySessionSummaries 3
Workshop(Track)Summaries 19
2. African-AmericanMales
Introduction
WilliamM.Harvey 27
SocialConditionsThatContributetoorInhibitAlcohol
andOtherDrugUseAmongBlackMaleYouth
WilliamJ.Knox 29
TheCriminalJusticeSystemandAfrican-AmericanMales
JesseE. Williams,Jr 37
TheAfrican-AmericanMaleandSpirituality
WilliamM.Harvey 45
MakingPublicEducationWorkforAfrican-AmericanMales
BelleS. Wheelan 67
3.Women,Drugs,andAIDS
Drug-Exposedand-ImpairedBabies:DesigningPrevention/
InterventionProgramsfortheAfrican-AmericanCommunity
IrisE.Smith 83
BabiesBomonCrackCocaine:MaternalDrugUsersUnderSiege
MalaikaHorne 101
African-AmericanWomenandDrug-RelatedHIVInfection
andAIDS
AndreaBarthwell,M.D 113
4.YouthatRisk
AlcoholandOtherDrugUseandAfrican-AmericanYouth:
ADevelopmentalPerspective
DrewW.Alexander 131
v
TreatmentIssuesAssociatedWithAdolescentsWhoAbuse
AlcoholandOtherDrugs
ShirleyGross 147
5.Family
TheRoleoftheFamilyinAlcoholandOtherDrugUsePrevention
LawfordL.Goddard 161
StrengthsofBlackFamilies
JaniceE.Stevenson 175
6.Community
DrugAbuseandAIDS,OurCommunityatRisk:ChoicesforChange
FlaviaR. Walton 181
ACommunity-OrganizationModelforthePreventionofAlcoholand
OtherDrugAbuse,HIVTransmission,andAIDSAmongAfrican
Americans
JosephBouie,Jr 189
CommunityEmpowerment
WadeW.Nobles 205
7.Voices
Spirituality:TotalHealingWithinandWithout
H.BeecherHicks,Jr 217
WhyMustTheyLabelUs?
TmmbryHarris 225
WhichRoadDoITake?
KeithL.Pettigrew 231
DotheRightThing!
PhillWilson 241
8.FactsandFigures
HealthandRelatedDataforRacial/EthnicPopulations
intheUnitedStates:RealitiesandNeeds
IreneJillson-Boostrom 247
FederalFundingOpportunities 265
vi
Acknowledgments
Theconferenceplanningcommitteewishestothankthefollowingfortheir
invaluablecontributions:
HonoraryChair
TheHonorableLouisW.Sullivan,M.D.,Secretary,Departmentof
HealthandHumanServices
HonoraryCochair
Elaine M. Johnson, Ph.D., Director, Office for Substance Abuse
Prevention
BenyJ.Primm,M.D.,Director,OfficeforTreatmentImprovement
Charles R. Schuster, Ph.D., Director,NationalInstituteonDrug
Abuse
EnochGordis,M.D.,Director,NationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuse
andAlcoholism
William A. Robinson, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Office ofMinority
Health
CooperatingOrganizations’PlanningCommittee
JosephineAlexander,ChiEtaPhiSorority,LosAngeles,CA
LewisBingham,C.S.W.,AddictionResearchandTreatment
Corporation,Brooklyn,NY
JohnBland,ADASA,Pregnant,PostpartumWomenProject
JacquelineButler,TheAlcoholismClinic,Cincinnati,OH
RubyCallaway-Robinson,C.A.S.C.A.D.E.,Inc.,Atlanta,GA
Charlene Day, National Association for Equal Opportunities in
HigherEducation,Washington,DC
WilliamHarvey,Ph.D.,NarcoticServiceCouncil,St.Louis,MO
Mary Henry, Board ofTrustees Office, Compton Unified School
District,Compton,CA
AnneHill,NationalUrbanLeague,NewYork,NY
WilliamJefferson,NationalPanHellenicCouncil,Prospect,KY
LeonardLong,WestDallasCommunityCenters,Dallas,TX
Alice Murray, Kenilworth Parkside Resident Management
Corporation,Washington,DC
Ruth Scoggins, Minnesota Institute on Black Chemical Abuse,
MN
Minneapolis,
Abu-KarriemShabazz,PiggyBack,Inc.,NewYork,NY
Gerald Smith, National Association of Black Social Workers,
Atlanta,GA
GraylingSmith,BEHASHI,Philadelphia,PA
LynnetteTaylor,DeltaSigmaThetaSorority,Inc.,Washington,DC
FlaviaWalton, Ph.D., Project LEAD, High Expectations (LINKS
INC.),Washington,DC
Leon West, M.A., Congress of National Black Churches,
Washington,DC
MarthaWilliams,ZetaPhiBetaSorority,Inc.,Washington,DC
MaxineWomble,NationalBlackAlcoholismCouncil,Chicago,IL
AtlantaPlanningCommittee
The conference planningcommittee worked with a committee of
citizensinandaroundAtlantawhosharedtheirideasandcommit-
ment to the success ofthe conference. The local committee was
cochairedbyDaisyL.HarrisandRubyCallaway-Robinson.
DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesConferencePlan-
ningCommittee
OfficeforSubstanceAbusePrevention
Ms.KimberlyColeman
Mr.FrancisC.Johnson
ShakehJ.Kaftarian,Ph.D.
Ms.AddieJ.Key
Ms.RoseC.Kittrell
Mr.BernardR.McColgan
Mr.ArnoldR.Mills
BettinaScott,Ph.D.
viii