Table Of ContentThe Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 31
Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy
Radmila Milačič
Janez Ščančar
Momir Paunović Editors
The Sava
River
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
Founded by Otto Hutzinger
Editors-in-Chief: Damia` Barcelo´ Andrey G. Kostianoy
l
Volume 31
Advisory Board:
Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu,
Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton,
Donald L. Sparks
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
Recently Published and Forthcoming Volumes
TheSavaRiver ChemicalStructureofPelagicRedox
VolumeEditors:R.Milacˇicˇ,J.Sˇcˇancˇar, Interfaces:ObservationandModeling
andM.Paunovic´ VolumeEditor:E.V.Yakushev
Vol.31,2014 Vol.22,2013
TheLlobregat:TheStoryofaPolluted
PotableWater:EmergingGlobal
MediterraneanRiver
ProblemsandSolutions
VolumeEditors:S.Sabater,A.Ginebreda,
VolumeEditors:T.Younos
andD.Barcelo´
andC.A.Grady
Vol.21,2012
Vol.30,2014
EmergingOrganicContaminants
Risk–InformedManagementof
andHumanHealth
EuropeanRiverBasins
VolumeEditor:D.Barcelo´
VolumeEditors:J.Brils,W.Brack,
Vol.20,2012
D.Mu¨ller,P.Ne´grel,andJ.E.Vermaat
Vol.29,2014
EmergingandPriorityPollutantsin
Rivers:BringingScienceintoRiver
TheTurkmenLakeAltynAsyrand
ManagementPlans
WaterResourcesinTurkmenistan
VolumeEditors:H.Guasch,A.Ginebreda,
VolumeEditors:I.S.Zonnand
andA.Geiszinger
A.G.Kostianoy
Vol.19,2012
Vol.28,2014
GlobalRisk-BasedManagementof
Oil PollutionintheBalticSea
ChemicalAdditivesI:Production,
VolumeEditors:A.G.Kostianoyand
UsageandEnvironmentalOccurrence
O.Yu.Lavrova
VolumeEditors:B.Bilitewski,R.M.Darbra,
Vol.27,2013
andD.Barcelo´
Vol.18,2012
UrbanAirQualityinEurope
VolumeEditors:M.Viana
PolyfluorinatedChemicalsand
Vol.26,2013
TransformationProducts
VolumeEditors:T.P.Knepper
ClimateChangeandWaterResources
andF.T.Lange
VolumeEditors:T.YounosandC.A.Grady
Vol.17,2012
Vol.25,2013
BrominatedFlameRetardants
EmergingOrganicContaminantsin
VolumeEditors:E.EljarratandD.Barcelo´
Sludges:Analysis,FateandBiological
Vol.16,2011
Treatment
VolumeEditors:T.Vicent,G.Caminal,
Effect-DirectedAnalysisofComplex
E.Eljarrat,andD.Barcelo´
EnvironmentalContamination
Vol.24,2013
VolumeEditor:W.Brack
Vol.15,2011
GlobalRisk-BasedManagementof
ChemicalAdditivesII:Risk-Based
WasteWaterTreatmentandReuse
AssessmentandManagementStrategies
intheMediterraneanRegion
VolumeEditors:B.Bilitewski,R.M.Darbra,
VolumeEditors:D.Barcelo´andM.Petrovic
andD.Barcelo´
Vol.14,2011
Vol.23,2013
The Sava River
Volume Editors: Radmila Milacˇicˇ (cid:1) Janez Sˇcˇancˇar (cid:1)
Momir Paunovic´
With contributions by
A. Adrović (cid:1) M. Ahel (cid:1) S. Anđus (cid:1) A. Atanacković (cid:1) M. Brilly (cid:1)
A.Ceglar(cid:1)J.Crnobrnja-Isailović(cid:1)M.Ćaleta(cid:1)N.Ćosić(cid:1)M.V.Cvijan(cid:1)
D. Dimović (cid:1) Z. Dragun (cid:1) B. Erg (cid:1) V. Filipović Marijić (cid:1) Z. Gačić (cid:1)
A. Galir Balkić (cid:1) S. Gottstein (cid:1) B. Grabarić (cid:1) Z. Grabarić (cid:1) S. Grošelj (cid:1)
E. Heath (cid:1) M. Horvat (cid:1) S. Hudina (cid:1) M. Jaklič (cid:1) S. Jarić (cid:1) D. Jelić (cid:1)
T. Kanduč (cid:1) D. Kapetanović (cid:1) B. Karadžić (cid:1) V.R. Karadžić (cid:1)
J. Knežević-Vukčević (cid:1) D. Kocman (cid:1) S. Kolarević (cid:1) D. Komatina (cid:1)
M. Koprivšek (cid:1) S. Kovačević (cid:1) M. Kračun-Kolarević (cid:1) J. Kotnik (cid:1)
D. Kotrošan (cid:1) J. Lajtner (cid:1) D. Lisičić (cid:1) A. Lucić (cid:1) D. Madunić-Čačić (cid:1)
J.Makovinska(cid:1)S.Marinković(cid:1)V.Marković(cid:1)R.Milačič(cid:1)Đ.Milošević(cid:1)
M. Mitrović (cid:1) V. Nikolić (cid:1) N. Ogrinc (cid:1) A.M. Ostojić (cid:1) M. Paunović (cid:1)
P. Pavlović (cid:1) S. Perko (cid:1) A. Petrović (cid:1) M. Piria (cid:1) K. Poboljšaj (cid:1) M. Povž (cid:1)
P. Presetnik (cid:1) M. Primožič (cid:1) I.D. Radojević (cid:1) J. Rakovec (cid:1) B. Raspor (cid:1)
M. Sak-Bosnar (cid:1) G. Sekulić (cid:1) T. Simčić (cid:1) V. Simić (cid:1) S.B. Simić (cid:1)
P. Simonović (cid:1) T. Smital (cid:1) K. Sunjog (cid:1) J. Ščančar (cid:1) R. Škrijelj (cid:1) M. Šraj (cid:1)
E. Teskeredžić (cid:1) J. Tomović (cid:1) T. Treer (cid:1) D. Valić (cid:1) I. Vardić Smrzlić (cid:1)
B.M. Vasiljević (cid:1) A. Vidmar (cid:1) M. Vilenica (cid:1) B. Vuković-Gačić (cid:1)
M. Vuković (cid:1) K. Zorić (cid:1) T. Zuliani (cid:1) K. Žganec
Editors
RadmilaMilacˇicˇ JanezSˇcˇancˇar
DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences
JozˇefStefanInstitute JozˇefStefanInstitute
Ljubljana Ljubljana
Slovenia Slovenia
MomirPaunovic´
InstituteforBiologicalResearch
“SinisˇaStankovic´”
UniversityofBelgrade
Belgrade
Serbia
TheHandbookofEnvironmentalChemistry
ISSN1867-979X ISSN1616-864X(electronic)
ISBN978-3-662-44033-9 ISBN978-3-662-44034-6(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-662-44034-6
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014952680
© Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015
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Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Editors-in-Chief
Prof.Dr.Damia` Barcelo´ Prof.Dr.AndreyG.Kostianoy
DepartmentofEnvironmentalChemistry P.P.ShirshovInstituteofOceanology
IDAEA-CSIC RussianAcademyofSciences
C/JordiGirona18–26 36,NakhimovskyPr.
08034Barcelona,Spain 117997Moscow,Russia
and [email protected]
CatalanInstituteforWaterResearch(ICRA)
H20Building
ScientificandTechnologicalParkofthe
UniversityofGirona
EmiliGrahit,101
17003Girona,Spain
[email protected]
Advisory Board
Prof.Dr.JacobdeBoer
IVM,VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
Prof.Dr.PhilippeGarrigues
UniversityofBordeaux,France
Prof.Dr.Ji-DongGu
TheUniversityofHongKong,China
Prof.Dr.KevinC.Jones
UniversityofLancaster,UnitedKingdom
Prof.Dr.ThomasP.Knepper
UniversityofAppliedScience,Fresenius,Idstein,Germany
Prof.Dr.AliceNewton
UniversityofAlgarve,Faro,Portugal
Prof.Dr.DonaldL.Sparks
PlantandSoilSciences,UniversityofDelaware,USA
v
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The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
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Aims and Scope
Since 1980, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry has provided sound
and solid knowledge about environmental topics from a chemical perspective.
Presenting a wide spectrum of viewpoints and approaches, the series now covers
topics such as local and global changes of natural environment and climate;
anthropogenicimpactontheenvironment;water,airandsoilpollution;remediation
and waste characterization; environmental contaminants; biogeochemistry; geo-
ecology;chemicalreactionsandprocesses;chemicalandbiologicaltransformations
as well as physical transport of chemicals in the environment; or environmental
modeling. A particular focus of the series lies on methodological advances in
environmentalanalyticalchemistry.
vii
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Series Preface
Withremarkablevision,Prof. OttoHutzingerinitiatedTheHandbook ofEnviron-
mentalChemistry in1980andbecamethe foundingEditor-in-Chief.Atthattime,
environmental chemistry was an emerging field, aiming at a complete description
of the Earth’s environment, encompassing the physical, chemical, biological, and
geologicaltransformationsofchemicalsubstancesoccurringonalocalaswellasa
global scale. Environmental chemistry was intended to provide an account of the
impact of man’s activities on the natural environment by describing observed
changes.
Whileaconsiderableamountofknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedoverthelast
three decades, as reflected in the more than 70 volumes of The Handbook of
Environmental Chemistry, there are still many scientific and policy challenges
ahead due to the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the field. The series
will therefore continue to provide compilations of current knowledge. Contribu-
tions are written by leading experts with practical experience in their fields. The
Handbook of Environmental Chemistry grows with the increases in our scientific
understanding, and provides a valuable source not only for scientists but also for
environmental managers and decision-makers. Today, the series covers a broad
rangeofenvironmentaltopicsfromachemicalperspective,includingmethodolog-
icaladvancesinenvironmentalanalyticalchemistry.
Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingtendencytoincludesubjectmatterof
societal relevance in the broad view of environmental chemistry. Topics include
life cycle analysis, environmental management, sustainable development, and
socio-economic, legal and even political problems, among others. While these
topics are of great importance for the development and acceptance of The Hand-
bookofEnvironmentalChemistry,thepublisherandEditors-in-Chiefhavedecided
tokeepthehandbookessentiallyasourceofinformationon“hardsciences”witha
particular emphasis on chemistry, but also covering biology, geology, hydrology
andengineeringasappliedtoenvironmentalsciences.
Thevolumesoftheseriesarewrittenatanadvancedlevel,addressingtheneeds
ofbothresearchersandgraduatestudents,aswellasofpeopleoutsidethefieldof
“pure” chemistry, including those in industry, business, government, research
establishments, and public interest groups. It would be very satisfying to see
these volumes used as a basis for graduate courses in environmental chemistry.
With its high standards of scientific quality and clarity, The Handbook of
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