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The SAGE Handbook of
NATIONS and NATIONALISM
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The SAGE Handbook of
NATIONS and NATIONALISM
Edited by
GERARD DELANTY and KRISHAN KUMAR
SAGE Publications
London ● Thousand Oaks● New Delhi
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© Sage Publications Ltd 2006
Introduction and editorial arrangement © Gerard Delanty and
Krishan Kumar 2006
First published 2006
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes ofresearch or
private study,or criticism or review,as permitted under the
Copyright,Designs and Patents Act,1988,this publication may
be reproduced,stored or transmitted in any form,or by any
means,only with the prior permission in writing ofthe publishers,
or in the case ofreprographic reproduction,in accordance with the
terms oflicences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.
Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be
sent to the publishers.
SAGE Publications Ltd
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication data
A catalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library
ISBN-10 1 4129 0101 4 ISBN-13 978 1 4129 0101 7
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Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press Ltd,Trowbridge,Wiltshire
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Contents
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction 1
Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar
Part 1 Approaches 5
1 Nationalism and the Historians 7
Krishan Kumar
2 Modernization and Communication as Factors of
Nation Formation 21
Miroslav Hroch
3 Structural Approaches to Nations and Nationalism 33
John A.Hall
4 Nations and Nationalisms:Between General Theory and
Comparative History 44
Johann P.Arnason
5 Cultural Approaches to Nationalism 57
Daniel A.Segal and Richard Handler
6 The Social Psychology of Nationalism:To Die for
the Sake of Strangers 66
Lauren Langman
7 Nationalism and Direct Rule 84
Michael Hechter,Tuna Kuyucu and Audrey Sacks
8 Nationalism and Political Philosophy 94
Margaret Moore
9 Discourse-analytic and Socio-linguistic Approaches to
the Study of Nation(alism) 104
Ruth Wodak
10 Gender Approaches to Nations and Nationalism 118
Sylvia Walby
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11 Methodological Nationalism and Its Critique 129
Daniel Chernilo
Part 2 Themes 141
12 Pre-modern Nationalism:An Oxymoron? The evidence
from England 143
Philip S.Gorski
13 Modernity and Nationalism 157
Liah Greenfeld
14 Ethnicity and Nationalism 169
Anthony D.Smith
15 Nationalism and Religion 182
Mark Juergensmeyer
16 Race and the Nation 192
Steve Fenton
17 Nation and Commemoration 205
Charles Turner
18 Memory,Truth and Victimhood in
Post-trauma Societies 214
John D.Brewer
19 Citizenship,Nationalism and Nation-building 225
Bryan S.Turner
20 Nations and Regions:In or Out of the State? 237
David McCrone
21 Nationalism and Sport 249
Anthony King
22 Nations,Mega-events and International Culture 260
Maurice Roche
23 Xenophobia and the New Nationalisms 273
Mabel Berezin
24 Nations,Migrants and Transnational Identifications:
An Interactive Approach to Nationalism 285
Anna Triandafyllidou
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CONTENTS vii
25 Hot and Banal Nationalism:The Nationalization of‘the Masses’ 295
John Hutchinson
26 Nationalism and the Power of Ideology 307
Siniša Maleševic´
27 Genocide,Ethnic Cleansing and Nationalism 320
Daniele Conversi
28 Ethnic Exclusion in Nationalizing States 334
Andreas Wimmer
29 Nationalism and Liberalism 345
Mark Haugaard
30 Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism:The Paradox of Modernity 357
Gerard Delanty
31 Theorizing Nation Formation in the Context of
Imperialism and Globalism 369
Paul James
Part 3 Nations and Nationalism in a Global Age 383
32 Supernationalism–Integralism–Nationalism:Schemata for
Twenty-first-Century Europe 385
Douglas R.Holmes
33 Nation and Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe 399
Chris Hann
34 Nation and Nationalism in Russia 410
Richard Sakwa
35 Modernity and Nationalism:Turkey and Iran in
Comparative Perspective 425
E.Fuat Keyman and Suhnaz Yilmaz
36 Nation and Nationalism in South Asia 438
T.K.Oommen
37 Nations and Nationalism in Central Asia 450
Anatoly M.Khazanov
38 Contending Nationalisms in South-East Asia 461
David Brown
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39 Nation and Nationalism in Contemporary Japan 473
Yoshio Sugimoto
40 China and Chinese Nationalism 488
Peter Hays Gries
41 Arab Nationalism 500
Ilan Pappe
42 African Nationalism 513
Benyamin Neuberger
43 A Nation before Nationalism:The Civic and Ethnic
Construction ofAmerica 527
Susan-Mary Grant
44 Nationalism in South and Central America 541
José Maurício Domingues
45 Nations and Nationalism in Australia and New Zealand 555
Peter Beilharz and Lloyd Cox
Index 565
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Notes on Contributors
Johann P. Arnason is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at La Trobe University,
Melbourne,and was until recently editor ofthe journal Thesis Eleven.He has pub-
lished widely on social theory and historical sociology. Recent publications
include: The Peripheral Centre: Essays on Japanese History and Civilization
(TransPacific Books 2002); Civilizations in Dispute: Historical Questions and
Theoretical Traditions (Brill 2003); (co-edited with Bjorn Wittrock) Eurasian
Transformations, Tenth to Thirteenth Centuries: Crystallizations, Divergences,
Renaissances(Brill 2004);and (co-edited with S.N.Eisenstadt and Bjorn Wittrock)
Axial Civilizations and World History(Brill 2005).
Peter Beilharzis Professor ofSociology and Director ofthe Thesis Eleven Centre for
Critical Theory at La Trobe University,Australia.He is author ofTrotsky,Trotskyism
and the Transition to Socialism (Croom Helm 1987); Labour’s Utopias (Routledge
1992); Postmodern Socialism (Melbourne University Press 1994); Transforming
Labour(Cambridge 1994);Imagining the Antipodes(Cambridge 1997);andZygmunt
Bauman – Dialectic of Modernity (Sage 2000); and is editor of fifteen books.He is
working on a book on Australia,to be called The Unhappy Country.
Mabel Berezinis Associate Professor ofSociology at Cornell University.She is a com-
parative historical sociologist whose work explores the intersection of political and
cultural institutions with an emphasis on modern and contemporary Europe.She is
the author ofMaking the Fascist Self: The Political Culture ofInter-war Italy(Cornell
1997).In addition to numerous articles,she has edited and designed two collabora-
tive volumes: Democratic Culture: Ethnos and Demos in Global Perspective (with
Jeffrey Alexander); and (with Martin Schain) Europe Without Borders: Re-mapping
Territory,Citizenship and Identity in a Transnational Age(Johns Hopkins University
Press 2003).She is at work on a study ofanti-liberal politics in contemporary Europe
that is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press.
John D. Brewer is Professor of Sociology at the University of Aberdeen. He is a
Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, an Academician in the Academy of Social
Sciences and a Member of the Royal Irish Academy.He has held visiting appoint-
ments at Yale,St John’s College Oxford,Corpus Christi College Cambridge and the
Australian National University.He is currently writing a book on the sociology of
peace processes.
David Brown is Associate Professor in the Politics and International Studies
Program, and Fellow of the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Western
