The Routledge History of Slavery

369 Pages·2010·2.9 MB·English

by  Gad Heuman

THE ROUTLEDGE HISTORY
OF SLAVERY
The Routledge History of Slavery is a landmark publication that provides an overview
ofthemainthemessurroundingthehistoryofslaveryfromancientGreecetothepresent
day.Takingstockofthefieldofslavestudies,thebookexploresthemajoradvancesthat
have taken place in the past few decades in this crucial subject.
Offering an unusual, transnational history of slavery, the chapters have all been
specially commissioned for the collectioan. The volume begins by delineating the global
nature of the institution of slavery, examining slavery in different parts of the world and
over time. Topics covered here include slavery in Africa and the Indian Ocean World, as
well as the transatlantic slave trade. In Part 2, the chapters explore different themes that
defineslavery,includingslaveculture,theslaveeconomy,slaveresistanceandtheplanter
class, as well as areas of life affected by slavery, such as family and work. The final part
goes on to study changes and continuities over time, looking at abolition, the aftermath
of emancipation and commemoration. The volume concludes with a chapter on modern
slavery.
Including essays on all the key topics and issues, this important collection from a
leading international group of scholars presents a comprehensive survey of the current
state of the field. It will be essential reading for all those interested in the history of
slavery.
Gad Heuman is Professor of History and has served as Director of the Centre for
Caribbean Studies at the University of Warwick. He is author of Between Black and
White (1981), The Killing Time (1994) and The Caribbean (2006). He is editor of the
journal Slavery & Abolition.
Trevor Burnard is Professor of American History at the University of Warwick. He
specialises in the history of plantation societies and slavery in the Americas, and is
author of Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and his Slaves in the
Anglo-Jamaican World (2004).
THE ROUTLEDGE HISTORIES
The Routledge Histories is a series of landmark books surveying some of the most
important topics and themes in history today. Edited and written by an international
team of world-renowned experts, they are the works against which all future books on
their subjects will be judged.
THE ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF WOMEN IN EUROPE SINCE 1700
Edited by Deborah Simonton
THE ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF SLAVERY
Edited by Gad Heuman and Trevor Burnard
Forthcoming:
THE ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST
Edited by Jonathan C. Friedman
THE ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF SEX AND THE BODY
Edited by Kate Fisher and Sarah Toulalan
THE ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF EAST CENTRAL EUROPE
Edited by Irina Livezeanu and Arpad von Klimo
THE ROUTLEDGE
HISTORY OF SLAVERY
Edited by
Gad Heuman and Trevor Burnard
Firstpublished2011byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanadabyRoutledge
270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2011.
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collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
©2011GadHeumanandTrevorBurnardforselectionandeditorialmatter;
individualchapters,thecontributors
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Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedin
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LibraryofCongressCatalog-in-PublicationData
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p.cm.--(TheRoutledgehistories)
1.Slavery--History.2.Slavery.I.Heuman,GadJ.II.Burnard,TrevorG.
(Trevor Graeme) III. Title: History of slavery.
HT861.R682010
306.3'6209--dc22
2010017402
ISBN 0-203-84057-7 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN13:978-0-415-46689-9(hbk)
ISBN13:978-0-203-84057-3(ebk)
C O N T E N T S
List of contributors vii
Introduction 1
TREVOR BURNARD AND GAD HEUMAN
PART 1
Slavery as a global institution 17
1 Greek and Roman slavery 19
NIALL MCKEOWN
2 Slavery in Africa 35
PAUL E. LOVEJOY
3 Slavery in the Indian Ocean world 52
GWYN CAMPBELL
4 The origins of slavery in the Americas, 1500–1700 64
BETTY WOOD
5 The Atlantic slave trade 80
TREVOR BURNARD
PART 2
The character of slavery 99
6 Work and the slave economy 101
LORENA WALSH
7 The demography of slavery 119
RICHARD FOLLETT
v
CONTENTS
8 Gender and family life 138
JENNIFER L. MORGAN
9 Remembered pasts: African Atlantic religions 153
SYLVIA R. FREY
10 Slave culture 170
MATT D. CHILDS
11 The planter class 187
TREVOR BURNARD
12 Resistance to slavery 204
JAMES SIDBURY
13 Slave rebellions 220
GAD HEUMAN
14 Free coloureds 234
JOHN GARRIGUS
15 Race relations in slave societies 248
TIMOTHY JAMES LOCKLEY
PART 3
Changes and continuities 265
16 Slavery in the age of revolution 267
LAURENT DUBOIS
17 Abolition of the Atlantic slave trade 281
CHRISTOPHER LESLIE BROWN
18 Forging freedom 298
STEVEN HAHN
19 Emancipation Day traditions in the Anglo-Atlantic world 314
EDWARD B. RUGEMER
20 Modern slavery 331
JOEL QUIRK
Index 347
vi
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Christopher Leslie Brown, Professor of History at Columbia University, works on the
history of the British Empire and comparative slavery and abolition. He is author of
Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism (2006) and co-editor of Arming
Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age (2006).
Trevor Burnard is Professor of American History, Head of the Department of History
and Director of theYesu Persaud CaribbeanCentre attheUniversity ofWarwick.He
works on planters and slave societies in colonial British America. He is author of
numerous articles on the British West Indies and the Chesapeake, and of Mastery,
Tyranny, and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and His Slaves in the Anglo-Jamaican
World (2004) and Creole Gentlemen: The Maryland Elite 1691–1776 (2002).
Gwyn Campbell is Canada Research Chair in Indian Ocean World History at McGill
University and author and editor of many publications, including An Economic
History of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895 (2005/2009); The Structure of Slavery in
Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (2004); Children and Slavery Through the Ages
and with Suzanne Miers and Joseph Miller Women and Slavery, 2 vols (2009, 2008
and 2007).
Matt D. Childs is an Associate Professor of History at the University of South Carolina.
He is author of The 1812 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic
Slavery (2006), and co-editor of The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World (2005)
and The Changing Worlds of Atlantic Africa (2009). Childs has received research
grants from the Social Science Research Council, the Ford Foundation, the American
Council of Learned Societies, and the Fulbright-Hays Program.
Laurent Dubois is Professor of History and Romance Studies at Duke University. He is
author ofAvengersof theNew World (2004),AColony of Citizens (2004) andSoccer
Empire: The World Cup and the Future of France (2010). He has also published
Origins of the Black Atlantic (with Julius Scott, 2009) and Slave Revolution in the
Caribbean, 1789–1804: A History in Documents (with John Garrigus, 2006).
Richard Follett is Reader in American History at the University of Sussex. He is a his-
torian of slavery and emancipation in the United States and the Caribbean, and is
author of many articles, electronic databases www.sussex.ac.uk/louisianasugar, and
the prize winning The Sugar Masters: Planters and Slaves in Louisiana’s Cane World,
1820–1860 (2005).
vii
CONTRIBUTORS
Sylvia R. Frey is Professor of History Emerita at Tulane University. She is author of
WaterfromtheRock(1991)andTheBritishSoldierinAmerica(1981),andco-author
ofComeShoutingtoZion(1997).ShehaseditedseveralworksincludingNewWorld,
New Roles: A Documentary History of Women in Pre-Industrial America (1986) and
From Slavery to Emancipation in the Atlantic World (1999).
John Garrigus is Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas at Arlington.
He is author of Before Haiti: Race and Citizenship in Saint-Domingue (2006), which
won the Gilbert Chinard Prize from the Society for French Historical Studies, and
co-editor (with Laurent Dubois) of Slave Revolution in the Caribbean, 1789–1804:
A Brief History with Documents (2006).
Steven Hahn is Roy F. and Jeannette P. Nichols Professor of American History at the
University of Pennsylvania. He is author of The Roots of Southern Populism (1983),
A Nation under Our Feet (2003) and The Political Worlds of Slavery and Freedom
(2009), and editor of The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation (1985)
and Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation (2009).
Gad Heuman is Professor of History and has served as Director of the Centre for
Caribbean Studies at the University of Warwick. He is author of Between Black and
White (1981), The Killing Time (1994) and The Caribbean (2006). He has also edited
and co-edited several books, including The Slavery Reader (2003) and Contesting
Freedom (2005). He is editor of the journal Slavery & Abolition.
Timothy James Lockley is Associate Professor of History and Director of the School of
Comparative American Studies at the University of Warwick. His research con-
centratesonslaveryandwhitesocietyinthecolonialandantebellumAmericanSouth.
His publications include Welfare and Charity in the Antebellum South (2007) and
Lines in the Sand: Race and Class in Lowcountry Georgia, 1750–1860 (2001).
Paul E. Lovejoy FRSC is Distinguished Research Professor, Canada Research Chair in
African Diaspora History, York University (Toronto) and Director of The Harriet
Tubman Institute for Research on the Global Migrations of African Peoples. He has
published more than 35 books and more than 80 chapters and articles on Africa and
the African Diaspora. He is Editor of the Harriet Tubman Series on the African
Diaspora.
Niall McKeown is a lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Birmingham in the
Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity. He works on both ancient Greek and ancient
Roman slavery, and is author of The Invention of Ancient Slavery? (2007).
Jennifer L. Morgan is Professor of History in the Department of Social and Cultural
Analysis and the Department of History at New York University. She works on
gender and slavery in the colonial Black Atlantic. She is author of Laboring Women:
Gender and Reproduction in the Making of New World Slavery (2003). She is
currently at work on a project that considers colonial numeracy, racism and the rise
of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Joel Quirk is Deputy Director of the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery and
Emancipation, University of Hull. His research focuses primarily upon the relation-
ship between historical slave systems and contemporary forms of slavery. This is
viii
CONTRIBUTORS
reflected in two books: Unfinished Business: A Comparative Survey of Historical and
Contemporary Slavery (2009) and The Anti-Slavery Project: From the Slave Trade to
Human Trafficking (forthcoming).
Edward B. Rugemer is Assistant Professor of African American Studies and History at
Yale University. He studies the transatlantic struggle over slavery, and has published
articles in the Journal of Southern History and Slavery and Abolition. His first book,
The Problem of Emancipation: The Caribbean Roots of the American Civil War,was
published in 2008.
JamesSidbury isProfessor of History at theUniversity of Texas atAustinandauthor of
Ploughshares into Swords: Race, Rebellion, and Identity in Gabriel’s Virginia (1997)
and Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic
(2007).
Lorena Walsh was for 27 years a research historian with the Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation. She works on plantation agriculture, slavery and the trans-Atlantic slave
trade. She is author of numerous articles on the economy and society of the colonial
and early national Chesapeake, and is author of Robert Cole’s World (1991, with
LoisGreenCarrand Russell R. Menard),From Calabarto Carter’sGrove (1997) and
Motives of Honor, Pleasure, and Profit (2010).
Betty Wood is a Reader in American History at the University of Cambridge and a
Fellow at Girton College, Cambridge. She is author of several books, including
Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730–1775 (1984), Women’s Work, Men’s Work: The
Informal Slave Economies of Lowcountry Georgia, 1750–1830 (1995), The Origins of
American Slavery (1997) and (with Sylvia R. Frey) Come Shouting to Zion: African-
American Protestantism in the American South and British Caribbean to 1830 (1998).
ix