Table Of Content“The chapters collected here are authored by an all-star cast. They ably explore the many impli-
cations of epistemic injustice across philosophical sub-fields and through timely case studies. This
Handbook takes the next step in broadening and deepening our understanding of this distinctive
form of harm.”
– Michael Brownstein, John Jay College of Criminal Justice (CUNY), USA
THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF
EPISTEMIC INJUSTICE
In the era of information and communication, issues of misinformation and miscommunication
are more pressing than ever. E pistemic injustice – one of the most important and ground- breaking
subjects to have emerged in philosophy in recent years – refers to those forms of unfair treatment
that relate to issues of knowledge, understanding, and participation in communicative practices.
The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice is an outstanding reference source to the key top-
ics, problems, and debates in this exciting subject. The first collection of its kind, it comprises over
thirty chapters by a team of international contributors, divided into five parts:
• Core Concepts
• Liberatory Epistemologies and Axes of Oppression
• Schools of Thought and Subfields within Epistemology
• Socio-p olitical, Ethical, and Psychological Dimensions of Knowing
• Case Studies of Epistemic Injustice.
As well as fundamental topics such as testimonial and hermeneutic injustice and epistemic trust,
the Handbook includes chapters on important issues such as social and virtue epistemology,
objectivity and objectification, implicit bias, and gender and race. Also included are chapters on
areas in applied ethics and philosophy, such as law, education, and healthcare.
The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice is essential reading for students and researchers
in ethics, epistemology, political philosophy, feminist theory, and philosophy of race. It will also
be very useful for those in related fields, such as cultural studies, sociology, education, and law.
Ian James Kidd is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Nottingham, UK.
With Jonathan Beale he is editor of W ittgenstein and Scientism (Routledge, 2017).
José Medina is Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University, USA. He is the author of four
books, including T he Epistemology of Resistance: Gender and Racial Oppression, Epistemic Injustice, and
Resistant Imaginations (2013).
Gaile Pohlhaus, Jr. is Associate Professor of Philosophy and affiliate of Women’s, Gender, and
Sexuality Studies at Miami University, USA.
ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOKS IN PHILOSOPHY
Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy are state- of- the- art surveys of emerging, newly refreshed, and
important fields in philosophy, providing accessible yet thorough assessments of key problems,
themes, thinkers, and recent developments in research.
All chapters for each volume are specially commissioned, and written by leading scholars in
the field. Carefully edited and organized, R outledge Handbooks in Philosophy provide indispensa-
ble reference tools for students and researchers seeking a comprehensive overview of new and
exciting topics in philosophy. They are also valuable teaching resources as accompaniments to
textbooks, anthologies, and research- orientated publications.
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THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK
OF EPISTEMIC INJUSTICE
Edited by
Ian James Kidd, José Medina, and Gaile Pohlhaus, Jr.
First published 2017
By Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Ave., New York City, NY. 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group , an informa business
© 2017 Ian James Kidd, José Medina, and Gaile Pohlhaus, Jr. , editorial and selection matter;
individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Ian James Kidd, José Medina, and Gaile Pohlhaus, Jr. to be identified as the authors
of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in
accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Kidd, Ian James, 1983- editor.
Title: The Routledge handbook of epistemic injustice/edited
by Ian James Kidd, Josâe Medina, and Gaile Pohlhaus, Jr.
Description: 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2017. |
Series: Routledge handbooks in philosophy | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016043132| ISBN 9781138828254 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781315212043 (e-book)
Subjects: LCSH: Justice (Philosophy) | Knowledge, Theory of. |
Ethics. | Political science—Philosophy.
Classification: LCC B105.J87 R68 2017 | DDC 172/.2—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043132
ISBN: 978-1 -1 38-8 2825- 4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1 -3 15-2 1204- 3 (ebk)
Typeset in ApexBembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
To the silenced, and those who have resisted
(and continue to resist) epistemic injustice
CONTENTS
Notes on contributors xiii
Acknowledgements xviii
Introduction to The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice 1
Ian James Kidd, José Medina, and Gaile Pohlhaus, Jr.
PART 1
Core concepts 11
1 Varieties of epistemic injustice 13
Gaile Pohlhaus, Jr.
2 Varieties of testimonial injustice 27
Jeremy Wanderer
3 Varieties of hermeneutical injustice 41
José Medina
4 Evolving concepts of epistemic injustice 53
Miranda Fricker
5 Epistemic injustice as distributive injustice 61
David Coady
6 Trust, distrust, and epistemic injustice 69
Katherine Hawley
ix
