Table Of ContentTHE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION, PUBLIC
HEALTH AND INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY,
1920–1945
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Studies for the Society for the Social History
of Medicine
Series Editors: David Cantor
Keir Waddington
Titles in this Series
1 Meat, Medicine and Human Health in the Twentieth Century
David Cantor, Christian Bonah and Matthias Dörries (eds)
2 Locating Health: Historical and Anthropological Investigations of
Place and Health
Erika Dyck and Christopher Fletcher (eds)
3 Medicine in the Remote and Rural North, 1800–2000
J. T. H. Connor and Stephan Curtis (eds)
4 A Modern History of the Stomach: Gastric Illness, Medicine and
British Society, 1800–1950
Ian Miller
5 War and the Militarization of British Army Medicine, 1793–1830
Catherine Kelly
6 Nervous Disease in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain:
Th e Reality of a Fashionable Disorder
Heather R. Beatty
7 Desperate Housewives, Neuroses and the Domestic Environment,
1945–1970
Ali Haggett
8 Disabled Children: Contested Caring, 1850–1979
Anne Borsay and Pamela Dale (eds)
9 Toxicants, Health and Regulation since 1945
Soraya Boudia and Nathalie Jas (eds)
10 A Medical History of Skin: Scratching the Surface
Jonathan Reinarz and Kevin Patrick Siena (eds)
11 Th e Care of Older People: England and Japan, A Comparative Study
Mayumi Hayashi
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12 Child Guidance in Britain, 1918–1955: Th e Dangerous Age of Childhood
John Stewart
13 Modern German Midwifery, 1885–1960
Lynne Fallwell
14 Western Maternity and Medicine, 1880–1990
Janet Greenlees and Linda Bryder (eds)
15 Human Heredity in the Twentieth Century
Bernd Gausemeier, Staff an Müller-Wille and Edmund Ramsden (eds)
16 Biologics, A History of Agents Made From Living Organisms
in the Twentieth Century
Alexander von Schwerin, Heiko Stoff and Bettina Wahrig (eds)
17 Bacteria in Britain, 1880–1939
Rosemary Wall
18 Health and Citizenship: Political Cultures of Health in Modern Europe
Frank Huisman and Harry Oosterhuis (eds)
19 Th e Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain
Barry M. Doyle
20 Institutionalizing the Insane in Nineteenth-Century England
Anna Shepherd
21 Psychiatry and Chinese History
Howard Chiang (ed.)
22 Th e Development of Scientifi c Marketing in the Twentieth Century:
Research for Sales in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Jean-Paul Gaudillère and Ulrike Th oms (eds)
23 Stress in Post-War Britain, 1945–85
Mark Jackson (ed.)
Forthcoming Titles
Th e Politics of Vaccination: A Global History
Christine Holmberg, Stuart Blume and Paul R. Greenough (eds)
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THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION, PUBLIC
HEALTH AND INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY,
1920–1945
by
Josep L. Barona
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First published 2015 by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Li mited
Published 2016 by Routled ge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© Taylor & Francis 20 15
© Josep L. Barona 2015
To the best of the Publisher’s knowledge every eff ort has been made to contact
relevant copyright holders and to clear any relevant copyright issues.
Any omissions that come to their attention will be remedied in future editions.
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book
may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the pub lishers.
Notice :
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademark s, and
are used only for identification and explanation without intent to in fringe.
british library cataloguing in publication data
Barona Vilar, Josep Lluis, author.
Th e Rockefeller Foundation, public health and international diplomacy,
1920–1945. – (Studies for the Society for the Social History of Medicine)
1. Public health – Europe – History – 20th century. 2. Rockefeller Foundation
3. League of Nations
I. Title II. Series
362.1'094'09042-dc23
ISBN-13: 978-1-84893-567-9 (hbk)
Typeset by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limit ed
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ix
List of Tables xi
Abbreviations xiii
A Note on Principal Characters xv
I ntroduction 1
1 International Diplomacy Meets Public Health 5
2 Th e First Great Intervention: Epidemics and Famine in Eastern Europe 59
3 Th e Extension of the Collaborative Programme 75
4 International Health and the End of the League of Nations: Gautier’s
Evaluation 137
5 Some General Conclusions 147
Appendix 1: International Sanitary Conferences, Commissions and
Boards, Previous to the League of Nations (1920) 153
Appendix 2: Health Scheme of the League of Nations for the
Establishment of a Permanent International Health Section 155
Appendix 3: Agreement between the League of Nations Health
Organization and the International Health Board of the
Rockefeller Foundation 161
Works Cited 165
Notes 181
Index 191
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Th is book is the result of research conducted in the frame of two research projects:
‘International Health and the Transfer of Scientifi c Knowledge: Europe 1900–
75’ [funded by the Spanish Government, MINECO, HAR2011–23233] and
‘Th e Transfer of Scientifi c Knowledge on Health: Hunger, Nutrition and Vac-
cines, 1900 –75’ [funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, Prometeo 2012/056].
Th e main research work has been conducted at the League of Nations Library
and Archives (Palais des Nations, Geneva) and at the Rockefeller Archive Centre
(Sleepy Hollow, NY). I am particularly grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation,
which contributed a Research Grant-in-Aid. I would like to thank Mark Pollard
and Keir Waddington for editorial comments and Josep Bernabeu (Universitat
d’Alacant), Ximo Guillem (Universitat de València), Astri Andresen (University
of Bergen), Bartolomé Yun Casalillas (European University Institute, Florence)
and Mark Harrison (University of Oxford) for bracing discussions and fruitful
suggestions. Th e author is most grateful to Jacques Oberson (League of Nations
Archives), Lee R. Hiltzik, Assistant Director and Head of Donor Relations and
Collection Development (Rockefeller Archive Centre) as well as Bethany J.
Antos (Archivist, Rockefeller Archive Centre), for their kind collaboration and
help in the management of archival documents.
– ix –
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