The Rhetorical Fabric of the Traditional Arabic Qaṣīda in Its Formative Stages : a Comparative Study of the Rhetoric in Two Traditional Poems by ’Alqama l-Faḥl and Bashshār b. Burd

309 Pages·2018·3.45 MB·English

by  ʻAlqamah ibn ʻAbadah, Bashshār ibn Burd, Ali Ahmad Hussein

ABHANDLUNGEN FÜR DIE KUNDE
DES MORGENLANDES
Band 98
Ali Ahmad Hussein
The Rhetorical Fabric
-
of the Traditional Arabic Qasıda
.
in Its Formative Stages
A Comparative Study of the Rhetoric
in Two Traditional Poems
-
by ʿAlqama l-Fah.l and Bashshar b. Burd
Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft
Harrassowitz Verlag
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
HHuusssseeiinn AAKKMM..iinndddd AAbbss1111 2277..0077..22001155 1155::2211::0055
ABHANDLUNGEN FÜR DIE KUNDE
DES MORGENLANDES
Im Auftrag der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
herausgegeben von Florian C. Reiter
Band 98
Board of Advisers:
Christian Bauer (Berlin)
Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst (Berlin)
Lutz Edzard (Oslo/Erlangen)
Jürgen Hanneder (Marburg)
Herrmann Jungraithmayr (Marburg)
Karénina Kollmar-Paulenz (Bern)
Jens Peter Laut (Göttingen)
Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg)
Michael Streck (Leipzig)
2015
.
Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
HHuusssseeiinn AAKKMM..iinndddd AAbbss1122 2277..0077..22001155 1155::2211::1177
Ali Ahmad Hussein
The Rhetorical Fabric
of the Traditional Arabic Qaṣīda
in Its Formative Stages
A Comparative Study of the Rhetoric
in Two Traditional Poems
by ʿAlqama l-Faḥl and Bashshār b. Burd
2015
.
Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
HHuusssseeiinn AAKKMM..iinndddd AAbbss1133 2277..0077..22001155 1155::2211::1177
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ISSN 0567-4980
ISBN 978-3-447-10467-8
e-ISBN 978-3-447-19039-8
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
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This book is dedicated to
Dima, my beloved wife, and Aniel, my lovely son; and to the twins whom I
will, hopefully, see in October 2015
It is also dedicated to my father, Ahmad, my mother, Afifa;
to my brother, Rushdi and to the memory of my late brother, Nihad;
and lastly to my sweet sisters, Hanin, Ula, Asala and Hiba

© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ............................................................................................... xi
I. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BADˆfi IN
CLASSICAL ARABIC CRITICISM ................................................... 1
1. Rhetoric in Pre-Islamic Times .............................................................. 9
2. How did Old Critics Study Rhetoric? ................................................... 11
Text 1 [Qur√0n 1:5] ............................................................................... 13
Text 2 [Qur√0n 2:7] ............................................................................... 17
Text 3 [Qur√0n 3:90] ............................................................................. 20
Text 4 [Qur√0n 2:17] ............................................................................. 22
II. MODERN THEORIES ON THE BADˆfi STYLE ................................ 28
1. Approaches in Modern Research to Interpret Literary Texts
Rhetorically............................................................................................. 37
III. TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................ 42
1. Metonymy (kin(cid:4)ya) ................................................................................ 42
2. Simile (tashbıh) ...................................................................................... 47
3. Analogy Based on Simile (tashbıh tamthılı) ........................................... 49
4. Metaphor (istifi(cid:4)ra) ................................................................................. 50
5. Analogy Based on Metaphor (istifi(cid:4)ra tamthıliyya) ................................ 53
6. Paronomasia/Punning (tajnıs) ................................................................. 54
7. Antithesis (†ib(cid:4)q, mu†(cid:4)baqa) .................................................................. 56
8. Multiple Contrast and Other Types of Muq(cid:4)bala .................................. 57
9. Plok˙/Echo (radd al-fiajuz fial(cid:4) ß-ßadr / taßdır) ..................................... 58
10. Repetition (takr(cid:4)r and muj(cid:4)wara/tardıd) ............................................. 58
11. Redirection (iltif(cid:4)t) ............................................................................... 59
IV. fiALQAMA'S POEM: TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY ON
THE RHETORIC .................................................................................. 60
1. fiAlqama l-Fa˛l ....................................................................................... 60
2. fiAlqama's Poem: Translation and Commentary ..................................... 65
The Love Affair (nasıb) ........................................................................ 66
The Camel Section ................................................................................ 79
The Gnomic Theme .............................................................................. 93
Self Praise ............................................................................................. 102
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
viii Contents
V. BASHSH◊R'S POEM: TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY ON
THE RHETORIC .................................................................................. 122
1. Bashsh0r b. Burd .................................................................................... 122
2. Bashsh0r's Poem: Translation and Commentary .................................... 128
The Love Affair (nasıb) ........................................................................ 128
The Camel Section ................................................................................ 143
The Praise ............................................................................................. 153
VI. THE LITERARY IMAGES IN THE TWO POEMS ........................... 175
1. Metonymy ............................................................................................. 176
Simple Metonymies in fiAlqama ........................................................... 177
Family-Metonymies in fiAlqama ........................................................... 181
Artistic Metonymies in fiAlqama .......................................................... 181
Object Metonymies in fiAlqama ............................................................ 183
Simple Metonymies in Bashsh0r........................................................... 185
Family-Metonymies in Bashsh0r .......................................................... 187
Artistic Metonymies in Bashsh0r .......................................................... 187
Object Metonymies in Bashsh0r .......................................................... 189
Conclusions Concerning the Metonymy ............................................... 191
2. Simile .................................................................................................... 194
Similes in fiAlqama ............................................................................... 195
Similes in Bashsh0r ............................................................................... 199
Conclusions Concerning the Simile ...................................................... 202
What does the simile express? .............................................................. 203
Special structures of the similes ........................................................... 206
Concealing the tenor ............................................................................. 207
The verb simile ..................................................................................... 207
The similarity appears in the tenor and vehicle .................................... 208
The extended vehicle simile .................................................................. 208
The genitive simile ................................................................................ 209
3. Metaphor ............................................................................................... 209
Metaphors in fiAlqama .......................................................................... 210
Metaphors in Bashsh0r .......................................................................... 213
Conclusions Concerning the Metaphor ................................................. 218
The nature of the similes behind the metaphors in both poems ............ 218
4. Analogy ................................................................................................. 221
Analogies in fiAlqama ........................................................................... 221
Analogies in Bashsh0r........................................................................... 222
Conclusions Concerning the Analogy ................................................... 225
5. Loose Trope (Synecdoche) ................................................................... 228
Loose Tropes in fiAlqama ..................................................................... 229
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8
Contents ix
Loose Tropes in Bashsh0r ..................................................................... 230
Conclusions Concerning the Loose Trope ............................................ 231
VII.BEAUTIFYING THE SENSE AND EMBELLISHING THE
SOUND............................................................................................... 234
1. Antithesis, Multiple Contrast and Multiple Balance ............................. 234
Antitheses in the Two Poems ................................................................ 235
Multiple Contrasts and Multiple Balance in the Two Poems ................ 239
2. Punning and Other Marginal Rhetorical Figures ................................. 243
Paronomasia/Punning ........................................................................... 243
Derivation (ishtiq(cid:4)q) and Repetition (tardıd) ........................................ 244
Echo (radd al-fiajuz fial(cid:4) ß-ßadr) ........................................................... 249
Double Rhyme (luzüm m(cid:4) l(cid:4) yalzam) ................................................... 251
VIII. CONCLUSIONS: THE RHETORICAL FABRIC IN THE TWO
POEMS............................................................................................. 252
1. Mapping the Rhetorical Figures in the Two Poems................................ 252
Metonymy ............................................................................................. 256
Simile .................................................................................................... 256
Metaphor ............................................................................................... 257
Analogy ................................................................................................. 258
Loose Trope .......................................................................................... 259
Antithesis and muq(cid:4)bala ....................................................................... 259
Pun/Paronomasia .................................................................................. 260
2. Rhetorical Usages According to the Themes .......................................... 260
3. The Credibility of Ibn al-Mufitazz' theory on the badıfi .......................... 264
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................... 267
INDEX........................................................................................................ 283
© 2015, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10467-8 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19039-8