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Hcrlick, Reuben S 1911-
\C^(
,-,0 The relationships of psychometric
test scores to personality dis
orders; a comparative analysis of
tests of intelligence and personality
CI4.9507 in clin ical diagnosis in an Army
general hospital,. New York el950a
16G typewritten leaves, tables,
d i a g r s f e r n s < 29cn„
Thesis (Fh,Eo' - her; York Univer
sity, School c. ■‘"■^Education, 1950.
Rib lie graph; PclL 1 c
Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED.
Sponsoring Committee* Professor Brian E. Tomlinson, Chairman
Professor Avrum Ben-Avi
Professor R. Emerson Langfitt
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF PSYCHOMETRIC TEST
h
SCORES TO PERSONALITY DISORDERS
A Comparative Analysis of Tests of Intelligence
and Personality in Clinical Diagnosis
in an Army General Hospital
REUBEN S. HORLICK
Submitted in partial fulfillm ent of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in. the School of Education of
New York University
PLEASE NOTE:
Some pages may have
indistinct print.
Filmed as received.
University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company
TABLE OF CONTESTS
The Problem 1
Statement of the Problem
Delimitation of Problem
Definitions
Seed For the Study
Basic Hypothesis
II. Review of Related Literature 10
Psychological Testing in M ilitary Clinical Psychology
Tests of Intellectual Functioning
Evaluation of Personality
III. Procedures For Collection of Data 38
The Subjects
Selection of the Tests
Organization of Data
IV. Analysis and Interpretation of Tests 50
Plan of Presentation
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
The Shipley-Hartford Soale
The Minnesota Multiphasio Personality Inventory
The Rorschach Ink-Blot Test
Interrelations of Tests
Interpretation of Data
Case Studies
V. Summary and Conclusions 133
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Implications For Further Study
VI. Bibliography 141
Appendix 149
List of Tables
Page
Tables No.
I. Age Distribution of Patients by Clinical Grouping 39
II. Distribution of Educational Level by Clinical Grouping 40
III. Distribution of Patients' Army General Classification 41
Test (AGCT) Scores by Clinical Grouping
IV. Comparison of Clinical Groupings in Age, Educational 42
Level and AGCT Score
V. Means and Standard Deviations of Weighted Scores and 50
IQ's on the Wechsler-Bellevue Scales by Clinical
Grouping.
VI. Yfeighted Mean Scores and Standard Deviations on the 51
YJechsler-Bellevue Verbal Scale Subtests by Clinical
Grouping
VII. Weighted Mean Scores and Standard Deviations on the 52
Wechsler-Bellevue Performance Scale Subtests by
Clinical Groupings
VIII. Rank Order of Subtest Mean Scores for Each Clinical Group 53
IX. Significance of Wechsler-Bellevue Scale Mean Scores for 55
Any Two Clinical Groupings
X. Significance of 'Wechsler-Bellevue Verbal Subtest Mean 56
Scores for Any Two Clinical Groups
XI. Significance of Wechsler-Bellevue Performance Scale 57
Subtest Mean Scores for Any Two Clinical Groups
XII. Significance of IVechsler-Bellevue Subtest Mean Scores 58
Between the Neurotic Depressive and Neurotic Anxiety
Patients
XIII. Significance of Wechsler-Bellevue Subtest Mean Scores of 59
Paranoid Schizophrenic and Simple Schizophrenic Patients
XIV. Deviations From the Mean and Vocabulary Scores for Each 60
Wechsler-Bellevue Subtest by Clinical Group
XV. Average Mean Scatter of Each Wechsler-Bellevue Subtest 62
and the Significance of Their Difference from Zero
for the Neurotic, Psychopath, and Schizophrenic Groups
Average Mean Scatter of Each Wechsler-Bellevue Subtest 63
and the Significance of Their Difference from Zero for
Neurotic Anxiety and Neurotic Depressive Sub-groups
Average Mean Scatter of Each Wechsler-Bellevue Subtest 64
and the Significance of Their Difference from Zero
for Faranoid and Simple Schizophrenic Sub-groups
Average Mean Scatter Differences of Weohsler-Bellevue 65
Subtests and Their Significance for the Neurotic,
Psychopath, and Schizophrenic Groups
Means and Standard Deviations for the Shipley-Hartford 74
Scales by Clinical Grouping
Significance of Mean Score Differences Between the Clini 75
cal Groups on the Shipley-Hartford Scales
The Percentage of Each Clinical Group Receiving Conceptual 76
Quotients in Each Impairment Category on the Shipley-
Hartford Scale
The Means of the Conceptual Quotient Scores and the Signi 77
ficance of the Differences For the Three Clinical Groups
Comparison of Deterioration Quotients and Conceptual 78
Quotients for Each Clinical Group
Mean T-Scores and Standard Deviations of the MMPI Scales 82
for Each Clinical Group
Mean Score Differences and Their Significance for Each 83
Scale of the MMPI and the Three Clinical Groups
MMPI Mean T-Scores and the Significance of Their Differ 85
ences for Neurotic Anxiety and Neurotic Depressive
Fatients
MMPI Mean T-Scores and the Significance of Their Differ 86
ences for the Paranoid and Simple Schizophrenics
Distribution of Rorschach Mean Scores and Standard De 91
viations for Each Clinical Group
Significance of Mean Score Differences on the Rorschach 94
Test for the Three Clinical Groups
Selected Rorsohach Factor Mean Scores and Their Signifi 96
cance of Their Differences For the Paranoid and Simple
Schizophrenic Patients
Rorschach Factor Mean Scores and the Significance of Their 97
Differences for the Neurotic Depressive and Neurotic
Anxiety Patients
XXXII. Wechsler-Bellevue Scale Correlation Matrix For Each
Clinical Group
XXXIII. Correlations Coefficients Between the Shipley-Hartford
Scale and Selected Tests of the Wechsler-Bellevue
Scale for Each Clinical Group
XXXIV. MMPI Correlation Matrix For Each Clinical Group
XXXV. Selected Rorsohach Factor Correlations Matrix For Each
Clinical Group
XXXVI. Coefficient Correlations Between Selected Rorschach
Factors with R Partialled Out For Each Group
XXXVII. Correlation Coefficients Between Selected MMPI Scales
and Rorschach Factors For Each Clinical Group
XXXVIII. Correlation Coefficients Between Selected MMPI Scales
and Wechsler-3ellevue Tests For Each Clinical Group
XXXIX. Correlation Coefficients Between Selected Rorschach
Factors and Selected Wechsler-Bellevue Tests For
Each Clinical Group
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Statement of The Problem
The purpose of this investigation is to determine the relation
ships which may exist among scores on tests of intelligence and per
sonality, and whether these test scores are of value in differentiat
ing personality disorders of Army personnel.
Specific Problems
1. To determine the existence and extent of relationships between
scores on tests of intelligence and scores on tests of personality.
2. To determine whether any relationships exist between scores
on different measures of intellectual functioning.
3. To determine whether any relationships exist between structured
and unstructured instruments employed in the measurement or evaluation
of personality.
4. To determine whether there are significant differences in the
test performances of a group of psychoneurotics, psychopaths and schizo
phrenics as measured by a battery of intelligence and personality tests.
5. To determine whether test patterns oan be derived which w ill
effectively differentiate the psychoneurotio, the psychopath and the
schizophrenic in an Army hospital.
6. To determine the speoific test factors whioh are characteristic
of the intellectual and emotional functioning of the psyohoneurotic,
psychopathic and schizophrenic patient in an Army hospital.
7. To determine whether test scores reflect the impairment or
deterioration in mental functioning.
twh ml t-at.-i an of Problem
This study is limited to male, white soldiers, between the ages of
18 and 40, who have been admitted to the Neuropsychiatric Service of an
Aimy General Hospital for observation for a mental disorder. This selec
tion is designed to control the effects of sex, race and extremes in age
upon the test patterns which may be derived.
It is noteworthy that most studies, with few exceptions ^ , report surveys
on white patients so that the possible educational and cultural factors oper
ating in negro groups w ill not affect the distribution of test data nor in
fluence unduly the type of test pattern derived. "The unsuitability of the
standard tests when applied to negroes has been demonstrated over and over
again.'1 2
While it is recognized that similar conditions may influence the test
performance of certain white subjects being studied, it is believed never
theless, that comparability with other studies w ill be enhanced. Age differ
ences, too, on various tests are well known, and in view of the fact that
the Army personnel is mainly composed of a younger element, data for patients
beyond the age of 40 is excluded.
For purposes of this study, the test data for three psychiatric groupings,
namely, the neurotic, psychopathic and psychotic, will be investigated. The
psychoneurotic category w ill be limited to an anxiety and depression group 3
1. S. Machover. Cultural and Racial Variations in Patterns of Intellect;
Performance of White and Negro Cri mlnal s on the Bellevue Adult Intelli
gence Scale. Teachers College, Columbia University, Contributions to
Education, No. 875, New York, 1943.
2. W. A. Hunt and I. Stevenson. Psychological Testing in Military Clinical
Psychology: I. Intelligence Testing. Psychological Review. 53* 1946,
p. 30.
3* D. Rapaport, R. Schafer, and M. Gill. Manual of Diagnostic Testing.
Joseph Macy, Jr., Foundation Review Series, Volume II, No. 2, 1944.
