Table Of ContentRelational Economics and Organization Governance
Sabine Wiesmüller
The Relational
Governance
of Artificial
Intelligence
Forms and Interactions
Relational Economics and Organization
Governance
Series Editors
Lucio Biggiero , University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
Derick de Jongh, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Birger P. Priddat, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
Josef Wieland, Zeppelin University, Friedrichshafen, Germany
Adrian Zicari, ESSEC Business School, Cergy-Pontoise, France
This interdisciplinary book series examines recent developments concerning the
“relational view” in economics. While the relational research perspective primarily
has roots in philosophy, sociology and economic geography, this series offers contri-
butions to the relational view from such diverse fields as institutional and organi-
sational economics, management, organisational theory, and mathematics. Focusing
on a relational approach to contracts and governance, leadership, rents, global coop-
eration, intersectoral cooperation and civil society, the series welcomes theoret-
ical and empirical research on relational structures in market theory, institutional
and organisational economics, the resource-based view of the firm, organisational
studies, behavioural economics and economic sociology. Within this range of fields,
researchers are invited to contribute to the further development of a relational view
in economics.
Sabine Wiesmüller
The Relational Governance
of Artificial Intelligence
Forms and Interactions
Sabine Wiesmüller
Zeppelin University
Friedrichshafen, Baden-Württemberg,
Germany
ISSN 2662-9852 ISSN 2662-9860 (electronic)
Relational Economics and Organization Governance
ISBN 978-3-031-25022-4 ISBN 978-3-031-25023-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25023-1
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Dedicated to my parents,
Deike and Bernhard, with love and gratitude.
Foreword
The book “The Relational Governance of Artificial Intelligence—Forms and Inter-
actions” by Sabine Wiesmüller deals both with the theoretical prerequisites and prac-
tical possibilities of the governance of “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) in the interplay
of social, entrepreneurial, and ethical decision-making logics. In particular, Sabine
Wiesmüller’s book aims to contribute to the discussion of a theme that all societies
are confronted with today and for which solutions are being sought, namely the
complex interactions and network effects of the technological, economic and social
aspects of AI.
The book focuses on a genuinely interdisciplinary analysis: The overlap and rela-
tionalisation between economic, system-theoretical, and ethical language games.
Only through such a relationalisation—and this is one of the basic assumptions of the
author—can the challenges of the rapidly developing technical and economic possi-
bilities, risks, and challenges of artificial intelligence in the economy and society be
understood and productively dealt with.
The aim of the analysis is therefore twofold: On the one hand, it provides a theo-
retical literature reconstruction of the polyvalent forms of governance of AI. On the
other hand, it also addresses the practical possibilities for an intersectoral imple-
mentation of relational governance of AI. The latter means that the governance of
AI must enable and promote the cooperation of the multiple stakeholders involved,
especially their interests, resources and decision-making logics. It is therefore about
the relational governance of economic and social transactions that relationalise tech-
nical logic, economic value creation and ethical demands such as self-interest, trust,
integrity and stakeholder legitimacy. In this way, the adaptive approach to uncertainty
and process dynamics becomes possible.
The book not only provides a knowledgeable review of the relevant theoret-
ical literature of the aforementioned scientific disciplines, but also links this with a
comparative and informative discussion about practical regulation and implementa-
tion of the AI ethics standards by the EU, OECD, and IEEE. The author has also devel-
oped a model that identifies both the preconditions for effective self-regulation by
business enterprises with regard to AI and its ethical preconditions and consequences.
vii
viii Foreword
“The Relational Governance of Artificial Intelligence—Forms and Interactions”
is therefore, at its core, a brilliant analysis and discussion of the possibilities and
challenges of the relational governance of AI ethics in companies (and more generally
organisations) and of the related appropriate social standards. It is an original and
innovative academic and practice-oriented contribution to Relational Economics.
On behalf of all editors, I am very pleased about its publication in the “Relational
Economics & Organizational Governance (REOG) series”.
Konstanz, Germany Josef Wieland
Contents
1 Introduction and Theoretical Foundations ........................ 1
1.1 Introductory Remarks ....................................... 1
1.2 Theoretical Foundations: Governing Artificial Intelligence ....... 3
1.2.1 Artificial Intelligence ................................. 4
1.2.2 Requirements for the Governance of Artificial Intelligence . 7
1.2.3 The Theoretical Foundation of Artificial Intelligence
Governance ......................................... 14
References ..................................................... 16
2 A Theoretical Approximation to Artificial Intelligence
as an Autopoietic System ........................................ 25
2.1 Delimitation of Related Governance Disciplines ................ 26
2.1.1 Related Governance Streams .......................... 26
2.1.2 Interim Conclusion ................................... 31
2.2 Conceptualisation of AI in the Relational Economics ............ 33
2.2.1 Transaction Cost Economics Perspective on AI ........... 33
2.2.2 Systems-Theoretical Perspective on AI .................. 37
2.2.3 Interim Conclusion ................................... 50
2.3 Classification and Conceptualisation of Artificial Intelligence
as an Autopoietic System .................................... 55
2.3.1 Title of the System ................................... 57
2.3.2 Categorisation of the System .......................... 57
2.3.3 Medium of the System ‘Artificial Intelligence’ ........... 64
2.3.4 Binary Coding of the System ‘Artificial Intelligence’ ...... 69
2.3.5 Guiding Difference of the ‘Artificial Intelligence System’ .. 73
2.3.6 Outlook on Structural Couplings with ‘Artificial
Intelligence System’ .................................. 76
2.3.7 Contributions and Critical Reflection .................... 80
References ..................................................... 81
ix
x Contents
3 Conceptualisation of the Relational Governance of Artificial
Intelligence .................................................... 91
3.1 Theoretical Foundation for Relational AI Governance ........... 92
3.1.1 Delimitation of Wieland’s Relational Governance ......... 92
3.1.2 Essential Concepts of Wieland’s Relational Governance ... 94
3.2 Governance Parameters of the Relational AI Governance ......... 102
3.2.1 The Relational Transaction of Corporate AI
Development & Adoption ............................. 103
3.2.2 Societal Informal Institutions of the Relational AI
Governance ......................................... 112
3.3 AI-Specific Adaptivity of the Governance Parameters ............ 127
3.3.1 Governance Adaptivity in an Unregulated AI Market ...... 127
3.3.2 Governance Adaptivity in a Partially Regulated AI Market . 142
References ..................................................... 153
4 Contextualisation of Relational AI Governance in Existing Research 165
4.1 Research Design: Systematic Literature Review ................. 165
4.1.1 Description of Selected Methodology ................... 166
4.1.2 Execution of Systematic Literature Review for AI
Governance ......................................... 167
4.2 Results and Interpretation .................................... 172
4.2.1 Descriptive Data Analysis ............................. 172
4.2.2 Thematic Data Analysis ............................... 176
4.2.3 Discussion and Conclusion of Review Findings .......... 199
References ..................................................... 202
5 Discussion and Conclusion ...................................... 213
5.1 General Discussion ......................................... 214
5.2 Theoretical Contribution and Practical Implications ............. 217
5.2.1 Theoretical Contribution .............................. 217
5.2.2 Practical Implications ................................. 219
5.3 Limitations and Future Research .............................. 221
5.4 Conclusion ................................................ 223
References ..................................................... 224
